Chapter - 4

63
CHAPTER 4
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB
4.1. General
In this chapter, flat slab design, stair design and choice of opening location in
accordance with ACI 318-14. Slab and stair are designed with concrete compressive
'
strength f c and reinforcing yield strength fy as 3ksi and 50 ksi. Design results and
schedules of slab, and stair are presented in this chapter. Flat slab design are
calculated with manually and insert drop panel and with spandrel beams are used.
The proposed structure is the eight-storeyed reinforced concrete building and located
in seismic zone 4. Flat slab punching shear is checked with SAFE software and slab
deflection is checked with manually. In stair design, landing beam are used. Location
of opening for flat slab in accordance with ACI code and the permitting of opening
size depends upon the location of column strip and middle strip.
4.2. Design Method of Flat Slab

In the flat slab design, two-way slabs are used as the floor system. The
thickness 7 inches is estimated as a first step based on the minimum slab thickness
specified by ACI Code from appendix A, Table A.13. There are five types of slab
group. Design method for flat slab is used Direct Design Method (DDM). In Direct
Design Method limitations, panels must be two way action. Successive span length
must not vary by more than one-third of the longer span in each direction. All loads
shall be due to gravity loads only. Wall load may be assumed as uniformly distributed
load 20 psf according to the IBC 2003. The method uses a set of coefficients to
determine the design moments at critical sections. The drop panels should extend in
each direction from the centerline of support a distance not less than one-sixth of the
span length in that direction between center to center of supports and also project
below the slab at least h/4 according to ACI 318-14. Drop panel may reduce punching
shear between column and slab panel. Using spandrel beams in flat slab, they can
reduce the minimum thickness of slab approximately 0.5 in.
64
20 ft 12 ft 20 ft
4 ft
12 ft FS 2 FS 1 FS 2
14 ft
FS 4 FS 5 FS 4
14 ft
FS 4 FS 5 FS 4
14 ft
FS 4 FS 5 FS 4
16 ft FS 3 FS 3
4 ft
Fig 4.1 Slab Layout Plan
4.3. Design Calculation of Flat Slab

Using the direct design method, design the FS 1 . This panel is supported by
24x24 in column, at first floor . For interior panel,
12 ft
14 ft FS 5
Fig 4.2. Slab Panel dimension of FS5

65
(a) (i) slab thickness = 7 in (from Appendix Table A.13)

Minimum preliminary thickness h from table with edge beam and drop
panels using fy = 50000 psi (l n=¿ clear spacing in long direction)
(ii)The projection below slab = h/4= 2in
(iii) Drop panel thickness = 2+ 7 = 9 in
Drop panel size = L/6 = 14/6= 2.5 ft (extend from center line)
24
(iv) Ratio longer span/shorter span = 24 = 1 < 2.0, hence two way
action.
60 in
24 in
60 in 24 in
Column
Drop panel
Fig 4.3. Drop Panel and Column Dimension of FS5
(b) Calculate Factored load

Slab load = 20+ (7x150)/12 = 107.5 psf
Factored load,
qu = 1.2 (107.5) + 1.6( 100)
= 289 psf
Drop panel load =20+( 9x150)/12 = 126.5 psf
qu = 1.2(126.5)+1.6(100)
= 311.8 psf
Because the drop panel length is L/3 in each direction, the average q u is,
Average q u = (2/3) x 289+(1/3) x 311.8
= 296.6 psf
For shear thickness requirement,

66
Interior column: The controlling critical plane of maximum perimetric
d
shear stress is at a distance from the column faces; hence, the net
2
factored perimetric shear force is,
Concrete cover = 1.5 in
Bar diameter = 0.5
d= 9-1.5-0.5 = 7 in
2
V u= 0.297 x 12 x 14−( 31 )
{ 12 }
= 48.1kips
The perimeter of the critical shear failure surface is ,
b 0 = ( 24 + 7 )
= 116 in
14
β = ratio of longer to shorter side of columns = = 1.2
12
Available nominal shear (the smallest value),
ϕV c = ϕ (2+4/β ) √ f c' b 0 d
ϕV c = 0.75 x (2 + 4/1.2) x √ 3000/1000 x 116 x 7
= 181.08 kips
ϕV c = ϕ ( ∞ s d / b 0+2 ) √ f c ' b0 d
∞ s = 40 (interior panel )
ϕV c = 0.75 x (40 x 7/116+ 2 ) x √ 3000/1000 x 116 x 7
= 147.23 kips
ϕV c = ϕ λ 4 √ f c ' b0 d (for 1ft width strip, λ=1)
= (0.75)x(4) x (1) x √ 3000/1000 x 116 x 7
= 133.43 kips (control ) > V u (OK)
Hence, the floor thickness is adequate.
(c) Calculate the total static moments in the long and short directions.
M ol = W u x l s x l 2n /8
= (0.297 x 12 x 13 x 13) / 8
= 65.86 kips-ft
67
M os= W u x l l x l 2n /8
= (0.297 x 14 x 11 x 11 )/8
= 53.65 kips-ft
For long direction,

column strip= 6 ft
middle strip =8 ft
For short direction,
column strip= 6 ft
middle strip= 6ft
(d) Calculations of moments and steel reinforcement
average, d= 7.5 (for column strip)
average, d= 5.5 (for middle strip)
For long direction,
Mol= 65.86 k-ft
h s= 9 (middle)
h s= 7 (column)
Table 4.1. Design Result of Long Direction for FS5
Long direction Column Strip Middle strip

M Factor -0.49 0.21 -0.16 0.14
Mu(k-ft) -32.27 13.83 -10.54 9.22
Width of strip(in),b 72 72 96 96
Effective depth(in),d 7.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
Ru=M/bd2(psi) 95.62 76.20 43.54 38.10
Steel Ratio, ρ (%) 0.27 0.22 0.2 0.2
A s= ρxbxd(in2) 1.458 0.8712 1.056 1.056
Minimum A s
1.1664 1.1664 1.2096 1.2096
=0.0018xbxh s(in2)
No of bars 6 6 8 8
Bar size #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c

Mos= 53.65 k-ft
68
h s = 9 (middle)
h s = 7 (column)
Table 4.2. Design Result of Short Direction for FS5
Short Direction Column Strip Middle strip

M Factor -0.49 0.21 -0.16 0.14
Mu(k-ft) -26.29 11.27 -8.58 7.51
(continued Table 4.2)
Width of strip(in),b 72 72 72 72
Effective depth(in),d 7.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
Ru=M/bd2(psi) 77.89 62.07 47.29 41.38
Steel Ratio, ρ (%) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
A s= ρxbxd(in2) 1.08 0.792 0.792 0.792
Minimum
A s=0.0018xbxh s (in2) 1.17 1.17 0.91 0.91
No of bars 6 6 6 6
#4@12"c/
Bar size #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
c
Deflection checking for slab, maximum permissible deflections can be

calculated using table A.12 (Appendix A).
For Short-direction,
4
ωℓ
×ℓ2
Δ = 384Ecs I
Modulus of elasticity of slab concrete,
1 .5 '
Ecs = 33 ω c f c√
= 33×150 1.5× √3000
6
= 3..32×10 psi
Moment of inertia about centroid axis of gross section of slab,

3 3
bh 14×12×7
=
I = 12 = 12 4802 in4
65 .86×124 ×123 ×12
6
Δ = 384×3 .32×10 ×4802 = 0.01 in
69
According to the Appendix A Table A-12 for Δ , type of member is floor

construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements not likely to be
damaged by large deflections. Deflection consideration is based on That part of total
deflection occurring after attachment of nonstructural elements: sum of long-term
deflection due to all sustained loads (dead load plus any sustained portion of live load)
and immediate deflection due to any additional live load. Therefore,
ℓ
Δallowable = 480
14×12
Δallowable = 480
= 0.35 in
Δ < Δallowable
Therefore, it is satisfied.
For Long-direction,
6
Ecs = 3.32×10 psi
3
bh 14×12×73
I = 12 = 12 =4116 in4
65 .86×124 ×123 ×12
6
Δ = 384×3 .32×10 ×4116 0.022 in
ℓ
Δallowable = 480
12×12
= 480
= 0.3 in
Δ < Δ allowable
For exterior panel,
20 ft
70
14 ft
FS 4
Fig 4.4. Slab Panel Dimensions of FS4
60 in
24 in
24 in
60 in
Column
vapppanel
Drop Panel
Fig 4.5. Drop Panel and Column Dimensions of FS4 vapppanel
(a) (i) Slab thickness = 7 in (from Appendix Table A.13)

(ii) The projection below slab = h/4= 2in
20
(iv) Ratio longer span/shorter span = 14 = 1.4 < 2.0, hence two way
action.
(b) Calculate Factored load
Slab load = 20+ (7x150)/12 = 107.5 psf
Factored load,
qu = 1.2 (107.5) + 1.6( 100)
= 289 psf
Drop panel load = 20+(9x150)/12 = 132.5 psf
qu = 1.2(132.5)+1.6(100)
= 319 psf
71
Average q u = (2/3) x 289+(1/3) x 319
= 299 psf

d
2

Bar diameter = 0.5
d= 9-1.5-0.5 = 7 in
2
V u= 0.299 x 12 x 14−( 31 )
{ 12 }
= 81.725 kips
b 0 =4 ( 24 + 7 )
= 124 in
20
β = ratio of longer to shorter side of columns = 14 = 1.4
ϕV c = ϕ (2+4/β ) √ f c' b 0 d
ϕV c = 0.75 x (2 + 4/1.2) x √ 3000/1000 x 124 x 7
= 171.15 kips
ϕV c = ϕ ( ∞ s d / b 0+2 ) √ f c ' b0 d
ϕV c = 0.75 x (40 x 7/116+ 2 ) x √ 3000/1000 x 116 x 7
= 151.83 kips
= (0.75)x(4) x (1) x √ 3000/1000 x 116 x 7
= 142.63 kips (control ) > V u (OK)

(c) Calculate the total static moments in the long and short directions
72
= (0.299 x 14 x 19 x 19) / 8
= 169.53 kips-ft
= (0.299 x 20 x 13 x 13 )/8
= 107.64 kips-ft
For long direction,
column strip= 7 ft
middle strip= 13 ft

column strip= 7 ft
middle strip= 7ft

For long direction,

Mol= 169.53 k-ft
h s = 9 (middle)
h s = 7 (column)

Exterio Exterio
Positive Interior Positive Interior
r r
M Factor 0.26 0.312 0.525 0.3 0.208 0.175
Mu(k-ft) 44.08 52.89 89.00 50.86 35.26 29.67
Width of
84 84 84 156 156 156
strip(in),b
Effective
7.5 7.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
depth(in),d
Ru=M/bd2(psi) 111.95 134.33 420.33 129.33 89.67 75.44
Steel Ratio,ρ (%) 0.32 0.38 1.3 0.37 0.25 0.21
A s= ρxbxd(in2) 2.0 2.4 6.00 3.17 2.15 1.80
Minimum A s
1.36 1.36 1.36 1.96 1.9656 1.96
=0.0018xbxh s
No of bars 12 14 20 18 12 12
73
#4@ #4@ #5@ #4@ #4@ #4@

Bar size
6"c/c 6"c/c 4"c/c 8"c/c 6"c/c 6"c/c
For short direction.

Mos= 107.64 k-ft
h s = 9 (middle)
h s = 7 (column)

Positiv Exterio
Exterior Interior Positive Interior
e r
M Factor 0.26 0.312 0.525 0.3 0.208 0.175
Mu(k-ft) 27.99 33.58 56.51 32.29 22.39 18.84
Width of strip(in),b 84 84 84 84 84 84
Effective depth(in),d 7.5 7.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
(continued Table 4.4)
Ru= M/bd2 (psi) 71.08 85.29 266.8 152.5 105.7 88.9
Steel Ratio, ρ (%) 0.2 0.24 0.8 0.44 0.3 0.25
A s= ρxbxd(in )2
1.26 1.51 3.70 2.03 1.38 1.15
Minimum A s
1.36 1.36 1.36 1.06 1.06 1.06
=0.0018xbxh s
No of bars 8 8 8 12 8 8
#4@ #4@ #5@ #4@ #4@ #4@
Bar size
10"c/c 10"c/c 10"c/c 6"c/c 10"c/c 10"c/c
Deflection checking for slab, maximum permissible deflections can be calculated

using table A.12 (Appendix A).
4
ωℓ
×ℓ2
Δ = 384Ecs I
1 .5 '
Ecs = 33 ω c f c √
= 33×150 1.5× √3000
= 3..32×106 psi
3
bh 20×7 3 ×12
I = 12 = 12 = 6860 in4
74
107 .64×14 4 ×123 ×18

6
Δ = 384×3 .32×10 ×6860 0.022 in
20×12
Δallowable = 480
= 0.5 in
Δ < Δallowable
For Long-direction,
Ecs = 3.32×106 psi

3
20×12×7
I = 12
= 4802 in4
4 3
169. 53×20 ×12 ×12
6
Δ = 384×3 .32×10 ×4802 = 0.11 in
14×12
Δallowable = 480
= 0.35 in
Δ < Δ allowable
20 ft
16 ft FS 3
75
Fig 4.6. Slab Panel Dimensions of FS3
60 in
24 in
60 in
Column
Drop panel
Fig 4.7. Drop Panel and Column Dimensions of FS3
(a) (i) slab thickness = 7 in (from Appendix Table A.13)
(ii) The projection below slab = h/4= 2in
20
(iv) Ratio longer span/shorter span = 16 = 1.25 < 2.0, hence two way
action.
(b) Calculate Factored load,

Slab load = 20+ (7x150)/12 = 107.5 psf
Factored load,
qu = 1.2 (107.5) + 1.6( 100)
= 289 psf
Drop panel load = 20+(9x150)/12 = 132.5 psf
qu = 1.2(132.5)+1.6(100)
= 319 psf
76
Average q u = (2/3) x 289+(1/3) x 319

= 299 psf

d
2

Bar diameter = 0.5
d= 9-1.5-0.5 = 7 in
2
V u= 0.299 x 12 x 14−( 31 )
{ 12 }
= 93.69 kips
b 0 = 4( 24 + 7 )
= 124 in
β = ratio of longer to shorter side of columns = = 1.2

ϕV c = ϕ (2+4/β ) √ f c' b 0 d
ϕV c = 0.75 x (2 + 4/1.25) x √ 3000/1000 x 124 x 7
= 185.42 kips
ϕV c = ϕ ( ∞ s d / b 0+2 ) √ f c ' b0 d
ϕV c = 0.75 x (40 x 7/124+ 2 ) x √ 3000/1000 x 124 x 7
= 151.83 kips

= (0.75)x(4) x (1) x √ 3000/1000 x 124 x 7
= 142.63 kips (control ) > V u=93.69 kips (OK)
(c) Calculate the total static moments in the long and short directions
77
= (0.299 x 16 x 19 x 19) / 8
= 193.75 kips-ft
= (0.299 x 20 x 15 x 15 )/8
= 146.51 kips-ft
For long direction,

column strip = 8 ft
middle strip = 12 ft

column strip = 8 ft
middle strip = 8 ft
For long direction,

Mol= 193.75 k-ft
h s = 9 (middle)
h s = 7 (column)

Exterio Interio
r Positive r Exterior Positive Interior
M Factor 0.26 0.312 0.525 0.3 0.208 0.175
Mu(k-ft) 50.38 60.45 101.72 58.13 40.30 33.90
Ru=M/bd2(psi) 111.9 134.3 420.3 160.1 111.0 93.4
Steel Ratio, ρ (%) 0.32 0.38 1.3 0.46 0.32 0.27
A s= ρxbxd(in2) 2.30 2.74 6.86 3.64 2.53 2.14
Minimum A s
1.56 1.56 1.56 1.816 1.81 1.81
=0.0018xbxh s
No of bars 14 16 22 20 14 14
#4@ #4@ #5@ #4@ #4@ #4@
Bar size 6"c/c 6"c/c 4"c/c 4"c/c 12"c/c 12"c/c
78
For short direction.

Mo s= 146.51 k-ft
h s = 9 (middle)
h s = 7 (column)

Exterio Exterio
r Positive Interior r Positive Interior
M Factor 0.26 0.312 0.525 0.3 0.208 0.175
Mu(k-ft) 38.09 45.71 76.92 43.95 30.47 25.64
Ru=M/bd2(psi) 84.65 101.5 317.8 181.6 125.9 105.9
Steel Ratio, ρ (%) 0.24 0.29 0.95 0.53 0.36 0.3
A s= ρxbxd(in2) 1.73 2.08 5.0 2.8 1.9 1.6
Minimum A s
1.56 1.56 1.56 1.2 1.2 1.2
=0.0018xbxh s
No of bars 10 12 16 16 12 12
#4@ #4@ #5@ #4@ #4@ #4@
Bar size 8"c/c 8"c/c 6"c/c 6"c/c 8"c/c 8"c/c
Deflection checking for slab, maximum permissible deflections can be calculated

using table A.12 (Appendix A).
4
ωℓ
×ℓ2
Δ = 384E cs I
1 .5 '
Ecs = 33 ω c f c √
= 33×150 1.5× √3000
= 3..32×106 psi
3
16×12×7
I = 12 = 6860 in4
146 .51×164 ×123 ×18
Δ = 384×3 .32×106 ×6860 =0.04 in
79
20×12
Δallowable = 480
= 0.5 in
Δ < Δallowable
For Long-direction,
Ecs = 3.32×106 psi

3
20×12×7
I = 12
= 5488 in4
193 .75×204 ×123 ×14
6
Δ = 384×3 .32×10 ×5488 =0.11 in
16×12
Δallowable = 480
= 0.4 in
Δ < Δ allowable
Table 4.7. Slab Column Strip Steel Schedule
Column Strip
size Directio
Type Exterior Positive Interior
(in) n
Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
FS1 12x12
Long #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@6"c/c
FS2 12X20
Long #4@9"c/c #4@6"c/c #5@6"c/c
Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@5"c/c
FS3 16X20
Long #4@12"c/c #4@6"c/c #5@6"c/c
80
Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@6"c/c

FS4 14X20
Long #4@10"c/c #4@10"c/c #5@5.5"c/c
FS5 12X14 Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
Long #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
Table 4.8. Slab Middle Strip Steel Schedule
Middle Strip
size Directio
Type Exterior Positive Interior
(in) n
Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
FS1 12x12
Long #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
Short #4@6"c/c #4@6"c/c #4@6"c/c
FS2 12X20
Long #4@6"c/c #4@9"c/c #4@9"c/c
Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
FS3 16X20
Long #4@6"c/c #4@6"c/c #4@12"c/c
Short #4@15"c/c #4@15"c/c #4@15"c/c
FS4 14X20
Long #4@6"c/c #4@10"c/c #4@10"c/c
Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
FS5 12X14
Long #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c
14 ft
#5@ #4@ #5@

10"c/ 10"c/c 10"c/c
#4@ #4@
10"c/c 10"c/c
Figure 4.8. Reinforcing Steel for Short-direction Slab FS-4

81
20 ft
#5@ #4@ #5@

12"c/c 6"c/c 12"c/c
#4@ #4@
6"c/c 6"c/c
Figure 4.9. Reinforcing Steel for Long-direction Slab FS-4
4.4. Punching Shear Checking
Fig (4.4.1 ) shows the first floor punching shear checking for interior column.
This results are analysis by SAFE 2016 software. Because of using spandrel beams,
SAFE software are not calculated punching shear for this columns. N/C means not
calculated.
Fig 4.10. Punching Shear Result

4.5. Opening in Slab
Openings in two way slabs are required for plumbing, fire protection pipes,
heat and ventilation ducts and air conditioning. Larger openings within a slab panel
82
are sometimes required for stairs and elevators shafts. ACI 318 Code gives guidelines
and limitations for opening location and size. It should be noted that openings cut in
the column strip area could reduce punching shear capacity.
l2 l2 l2
l1
Column
strip
l 1/8
Middle
strip Any size l1
permitted
Column
l 1/16
strip
l 1/16 l 1/16
l1
Column Middle Column

strip strip strip
Figure 4.11. Suggested Opening Sizes and Locations in Flat Slabs

In this building, 3 ft openings are located near the kitchen for waste products.
Two openings are placed 4 ft away from perimeter beam. Therefore, the choice of this
location is satisfied with ACI provision shown in figure 4.6.
83
3 ft wide opening
Figure 4.12. Opening Sizes and Locations
4.5.1. Steel Reinforcement around Opening

For tension anchorage, 45ϕ development length should be placed around the
opening corner. For this structure, #4 bar is used, therefore 24 in development length
will be used. If opening less than 6 in, no additional bar will be provided. Opening (6
in to 18 in ) , additional bars will be placed around the corner of the opening.
For standard trimming detailing shall be provide as follow.
(1) Diameter of trimmer bars shall be similar to bigger reinforcing bars of
the structure through which the opening is formed.
(2) No trimmer bars are required for openings not greater than 6 in wide .
(3) Shall not less than numbers of bars cut by opening.
(4) When the distance between openings is less than 1.5 times the width of
the largest opening, the group shall be treated as single opening.
For 18 in to 36 in opening, additional diagonal reinforcement should be placed
. Diagonal reinforcement length will be the same as tension anchorage development
length. Opening steel detailing is shown below.
84
24 in
24 in
24 in 24 in
#4 bar
3 ft 2 in clear
#4 bar
3 ft
3 in clear
Figure.4.13. Opening Steel Arrangement (Top Bars)
4.6. Stair Design Calculations

There are two types of stairs according to height level of the building. Both
stairs are same in rise but tread width is different. In this design, concrete strength f c '
is 3000 psi and reinforcing yield stress f y is 50000 psi. Stair design calculation is
followed by the ACI 318-14. Assuming waist thickness is 6 in. Stair location plan is
shown in Figure 4.9. Design results for stairs are shown in Table 3.3.
For Typical Stair,
Floor height = 9.5 ft
No. of steps = 12 steps
Rise = 5.5 in
Tread =11 in
Assume waist thickness = 6 in
6
Weight of waist = 11 × 1 × 12 × 150 = 825 lb
1 11×5.5
× ×150 ×12
Weight of steps = 2 144 = 378.125 lb
85
Weight of finishing = (11'+6')× 20 = 340 lb
Total dead load = weight of waist +weight of steps +weight of finishing

= 825 + 378.125 + 340
= 1543.125 lb
Total live load = 12×100
= 1200 lb
Total factored load, W = 1.4 D.L + 1.7 L.L
= 1.4× 1543.125 + 1.7× 1200
= 4200.375lb
W
ωu = L
4200 . 375
= 11
= 381.85 lb/ft
2
ωu L
Design moment, Mu = 10
2
381.85×11 ×12
= 10×1000
= 55.44 k-in
ρmax = 0.75ρb = 0.0214
fy
φf y ρbd2 (1−0 .59ρ )
Mu = f 'c
50
55.44 = 0.9 × 50×0.0214× 12 × d2 (1- 0.59 ×0.0214× 3 )
d = 2.5 in
h = 2.5+1
= 3.5 in
cover = 1 in
Use h = 6 in, d = 5 in
2Mu
a =d- √ d2−
0 . 765f 'c b
2×55 .44
=5- √ 52 −
0 .765×3×12
86
= 0.42 in
Mu
As = φ f y (d−a/2)
55.44
= 0.9×50( 5−0 .42/2) = 0.257 in2
200
As(min) = ρminbd (ρmin =
fy )
= 0.004 ×12× 5
= 0.24 in2
Use #4@5'' c/c spacing (As = 0.292 in2 > 0.257 in2)
For Transverse direction,

As(temperature and sh) = 0.0018bh
= 0.0018× 12 × 6 = 0.13 in2
Use 10mm @ 10''c/c, As= 0.146 in2 > 0.13 in2
Stair steel schedules are expressed in Table and detail section of stair for typical floor
is shown in Figure .
Table 4.9. Stair Steel Schedule

Reinforcing bar distribution
Storey
Rise Trea Waist No. of For mid-span
Name Heigh For Transverse
(in) d (in) (in) steps and at
t (ft) direction
support
Main
9.5 5.5 11 6 12 #4@5"c/c #3@10"c/c
stair
87
10 ft
4.75 ft
Figure 4.14. Detail Section of Stair for Typical Floor (9.5' height)

Chapter - 4

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Chapter - 4

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63

4.2. Design Method of Flat Slab

Fig 4.1 Slab Layout Plan

4.3. Design Calculation of Flat Slab

Fig 4.2. Slab Panel dimension of FS5

(a) (i) slab thickness = 7 in (from Appendix Table A.13)

Fig 4.3. Drop Panel and Column Dimension of FS5

(b) Calculate Factored load

For shear thickness requirement,

Interior column: The controlling critical plane of maximum perimetric

For long direction,

Table 4.1. Design Result of Long Direction for FS5

Long direction Column Strip Middle strip

For short direction,

Short Direction Column Strip Middle strip

Deflection checking for slab, maximum permissible deflections can be

Moment of inertia about centroid axis of gross section of slab,

According to the Appendix A Table A-12 for Δ , type of member is floor

Fig 4.4. Slab Panel Dimensions of FS4

(a) (i) Slab thickness = 7 in (from Appendix Table A.13)

For shear thickness requirement,

Concrete cover = 1.5 in

Hence, the floor thickness is adequate.

For short direction,

(d) Calculations of moments and steel reinforcement

For long direction,

Table 4.3. Design Result of Long Direction for FS6

Long direction Column Strip Middle strip

#4@ #4@ #5@ #4@ #4@ #4@

For short direction.

Short Direction Column Strip Middle strip

Deflection checking for slab, maximum permissible deflections can be calculated

107 .64×14 4 ×123 ×18

Ecs = 3.32×106 psi

Fig 4.6. Slab Panel Dimensions of FS3

Fig 4.7. Drop Panel and Column Dimensions of FS3

(a) (i) slab thickness = 7 in (from Appendix Table A.13)

(ii) The projection below slab = h/4= 2in

(iii) Drop panel thickness = 2+ 7 = 9 in

(b) Calculate Factored load,

Drop panel load = 20+(9x150)/12 = 132.5 psf

Average q u = (2/3) x 289+(1/3) x 319

For shear thickness requirement,

Concrete cover = 1.5 in

The perimeter of the critical shear failure surface is ,

β = ratio of longer to shorter side of columns = = 1.2

ϕV c = ϕ λ 4 √ f c ' b0 d (for 1ft width strip, λ=1)

For long direction,

For short direction,

For long direction,

Table 4.5. Design Result of Long Direction for FS3

Long direction Column Strip Middle strip

For short direction.

Table 4.6. Design Result of Short Direction for FS3

Short Direction Column Strip Middle strip

Deflection checking for slab, maximum permissible deflections can be calculated

Ecs = 3.32×106 psi

Short #4@12"c/c #4@12"c/c #4@6"c/c

Table 4.8. Slab Middle Strip Steel Schedule

#5@ #4@ #5@

Figure 4.8. Reinforcing Steel for Short-direction Slab FS-4

#5@ #4@ #5@