102 & 103 Hydrotreater Report

NAPHTHA HYDROBON & PLATFORMING UNIT
(102 & 103 UNIT)
INITIAL LINEUP & PROCESS DESCRIPTION REPORT
PREPARED BY:
SYED HUZAIFA ALI (TRAINEE SENIOR MANAGEMENT)
NRL # 11384 (Operations Fuel Dept.)
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. TAHIR KHAN (UNIT ENGINEER 102 & 103 UNIT)
ENGR. RAO ARSALAN (UNIT ENGINEER 101 UNIT)
SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 1

NAPHTHA HYDROBON UNIT (102 UNIT):
INTRODUCTION:
In Petroleum Refinery Engineering, full range naphtha is defined as the fraction of
hydrocarbons in petroleum boiling between 30°C (85°F) and 200°C (395°F). It consists of a
complex mixture of hydrocarbon molecules generally having between 5 and 12 carbon atoms. It
typically constitutes 15–30% of crude oil, by weight. Light naphtha is the fraction boiling
between 30°C (85°F) and 90°C (195°F) and consists of molecules with 5–6 carbon atoms. Heavy
naphtha boils between 90°C (195°F) and 200°C (395°F) and consists of molecules with 6–12
carbons.
Naphtha is used primarily as feedstock for producing high octane gasoline (via the catalytic
reforming process). It is also used in the bitumen mining industry as a diluents, the
petrochemical industry for producing olefins in steam crackers, and the chemical industry for
solvent (cleaning) applications. Common products made with it include lighter fluid, fuel for
camp stoves, and some cleaning solvents. Light Naphtha is also used directly as a blending
component in the production of gasoline.
GENERAL PROCESS DESCRIPTION:

The purpose of this plant is to reduce the sulfur from naphtha to acceptable limits to prepare
the feed for Platforming Unit. It also improves the quality of naphtha via reducing the others
substances such as metals (arsenic, lead, vanadium etc.), Oxygen, Nitrogen, Halides & Olefins.
This plant reduces the sulfur to less than 0.5 ppm and olefins to less than 0.1 wt%.
Heavy Straight Run Naphtha (HSRN) is the feed of hydrobon unit which is being run down after
separation from 101 Crude Distillation Unit.
Feed tanks of 102 Unit include 182 S – 61 & S – 511 where HSRN of Arabian light crude oil is
rundown from 101. HSRN of local crude oil is being rundown in 182 S – 62 from 101 which is
injected in 102 feed through 182FCV – 302. An intermediate storage tank 182 S – 512 is also
used as a feed tank during startup of the unit in which during normal operation 102 Heavy
Treated Naphtha (HTN) is being rundown for level controlling of the stripper column (102C – 4).
These feed tanks are drained for water before there use and are blanketed with Natural Gas in
order to avoid O2 and N2 contamination.

There are two process flow schemes in the hydrobon unit. First is the high pressure system
known as 102 HP System and the second is low pressure system called 102 LP System.
102 HP SYSTEM:
Feed pumps namely 102P – 01 A&B are used for supplying the HSRN from feed tanks to the
unit. Hydrogen rich gas stream with a purity of around 70-80 % is mixed with the HSRN. This
combine feed now enters into the shell side of combine feed exchangers 102E – 01 A To H
where all the feed is converted into vapors around a temperature of 520°F and is further
heated in charge heater 102F – 1 in order to achieve the reaction temperature of around 614 °F
and enters into reactor 102R – 1A.
Different reactions take place inside the reactor and flows down through the catalyst bed of
different sizes with catalyst S – 7 which is used Nickel – molybdenum based on alumina is used.
As the reactions taking place are exothermic reactions therefore a very little change in the
temperature across the catalyst bed takes place.
Reactor effluent now enters the combined feed/reactor effluent exchangers on the tube side,
where it is cooled to temperature of around 90°C (195°F).
The reactor effluent is then further cooled in the product condenser 102E – 2 to temperature of
around 150°F. Wash water (Condensate) is injected in the reactor effluent line to the product
condenser to dilute hydrogen chloride present and to prevent salt buildup in the tubes of the
condenser and form ammonium chloride.
The reactor effluent is further cooled in the product trim cooler 102E – 3 A &B where it enters
on the shell side Reactor effluent and injected water flows out of the product condenser at a
low temperature of around 100°F to ensure complete recovery of the naphtha.
The reactor effluent and injected water along with the all the impurities (H2O, H2S and NH3
gases) then flows to a product separator 102V – 2. A mesh blanket coalesce is provided in the
separator to ensure complete separation of gas, hydrocarbon liquid and water.
All the gases are supplied to a fuel gas vessel 177V – 4 from where fuel gas is supplied to all the
fuel units at a pressure of around 24 bar. Hydrocarbon are supplied to 102 LP system.
This product separator is provided with a water boot to collect the water injected. The water is
usually pressured, via interface level control, to a sour water sewer for disposal.

102 LP SYSTEM:
Hydrocarbons from HP system still contains light hydrocarbons, H2S, H2O and NH3 so in order to
separate them out from the separator now travel to the shell side of stripper feed exchanger
102E – 4 A, B &C and enters the stripper 102C – 4 on feed tray no 6 at a temperature of around
335 °F.
The stripper 102C – 4 is provided with 20 trays in total which are of valve type with tiffin trays
on the top of the column. The column has two sections with vapors on the top of the column
while re boiling stream on the bottom of the column maintaining the temperature of the
column.
The vapors are drawn off from the top of the column at a top temperature of around 260 °F
and a pressure of 6.8 bar is maintained in order to separate all the traces of H2S, H2O and NH3
from the naphtha to be treated to a stripper condenser 102E – 5 to stripper O/H trim cooler
102E – 6 which during the winter days when ambient temperature is low is bypassed and
transfers the stripper overhead condensed vapors to stripper overhead receiver vessel 102V – 5
where all the overhead condensed liquid is reflux to the stripper through stripper reflux pumps
102P – 04 A & B maintaining the purity and temperature of top of the column. A corrosion
inhibitor named as “Daracor-C” is injected into the overhead reflux line in order to prevent the
overhead corrosion in the stripper.
From bottom of the column two lines are drawn off. One is used as a re boiling stream while
other is used as a feed to platforming 103 unit.
Bottom temperature is controlled through re boiling stream where two re boiling pumps 102P –
03 A & B are used supplying the feed to reboiling furnace 102F – 2 maintaining a bottom
temperature of 430 °F in the stripper.
Another line from the bottom of the stripper is used as feed for 103 unit where it first transfer
its heat to stripper feed by entering into the tube side of stripper feed exchangers 102E – 04
A,B & C and then to 103 feed pumps 103P – 07 A & B. A line from the suction of feed pump
103P – 07 A is used for rundown of this heavy treated naphtha (H.T.N) into the intermediate
storage tank 182 S – 512 after passing through a double pipe exchanger 102E – 12A to a
rundown temperature of 100 °F.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:
Following are the reactions involved during hydrotreating process.
 Conversion of organic sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. (Sulfur Removal)

 Conversion of organic Nitrogen into Ammonia. (Nitrogen Removal)
 Conversion of organic Oxygen to water. (Oxygen Removal)
 Olefins saturation
 Conversion of organic halogens into halides. (Halide Removal)
 Removal of organometallic compounds. (Metal Removal)
 SULFUR REMOVAL:-
The Sulfur is removed to prevent the platforming catalyst from poisoning. The required sulfur in
treated Naphtha must be less than 0.5 wt ppm to optimize the selectivity and stability
characteristics of the catalyst. Following reactions are involved during sulfur removing.
 MERCAPTANTS
 SULFIDE
 DISULFIDE

 CYCLIC SULFIDE
 THIOPENES
If a very high reaction temperature is provided then the chances of recombination of olefins to
sulfur increase which form mercaptants which is shown by the following reaction:
So, the reaction temperature between 600 °F – 645°F (315 °C – 340 °C) is suitable for
hydrogenation of olefins to avoid mercaptants formation. The sulfur recombination occurs at
temperature above 645 °F (340 °C). Average reactor temperature will give acceptable rates of
the desired hydrogenation reactions and will not result in a significant amount of
olefin/hydrogen sulfide recombination

 NITROGEN REMOVAL :
The Nitrogen removal reaction rates are one-fifth than the sulfur removal. The platforming feed
must contain less than 0.5wt ppm of nitrogen. The nitrogen is removed in the form of Ammonia
which further combines with chlorides to form Ammonium Chloride. Ammonium chloride
formation produces fouling in downstream upon cooling so water washing system is provided
to remove ammonium chloride deposition. But washing result in downtime and product to
slope. Removal of nitrogen is more favor by pressure then temperature.
Following are the reactions involved.
 PYRIDINE :
 QUINOLINE :

 PYRROLE :
 METHYLAMINE:
 OXYGEN REMOVAL :
Oxygenates are present in very rare quantity in naphtha. The oxygen is normally present in the
form of organic compounds such as alcohols and phenols. The oxygen is removed by combining
of oxygen hydrogen bond to form water and subsequent Hydrocarbon. The reaction is mostly
favored by both pressure and temperature. For high feed concentrations, lower space velocities
are required.

 SATURATION OF OLEFINS :
Olefins Hydrogenations prevent the coking and polymerization of olefins. The olefins can
polymerize in platforming unit and cause fouling problem this can also polymerize in upstream
of reactor which result in heat transfer problem. Olefin saturation reactions are as rapid as
desulfurization but evolved high heat of reaction which cause rise in temperature. This rise in
temperature increases the chances of sulfur recombination so ,great care must be required to
handle those feed that contains high amount of olefins.
 LINEAR OLEFINS:
 CYCLIC OLEFINS:
 HALIDE REMOVAL:
Organic Halides are removed as hydrogen halides during processing. Maximum halides are
removed about 90% but it is much less on operating conditions that are set for sulfur and
nitrogen removal. If the high concentration of halides are present in feed then corrosion
chances in downstream also increases. Periodically analysis should be carried out of hydro
treated naphtha for chlorine content, since this chloride level is used for proper chlorine
injection rate in platforming unit.

 METAL REMOVAL:
Metals are present in Naphtha in parts per billion (ppb) and these are completely removed
during process. The Hydrotreating catalyst is capable of removing upto 5wt ppm or more at
normal operating conditions. The metallic impurities remained on catalyst when removed from
naphtha.
The impurities are found normally with used hydrotreating catalyst are arsenic, iron, lead
calcium, magnesium, silicon, sodium, and copper. The removal of metals from feed normally
occurs in plug flow fashion with respect to catalyst bed. The iron is present at top of catalyst as
iron sulfide. The arsenic is a permanent poison to platforming catalyst.
Removal of metals completely occurs at temperatures above 600 °F (315 °C) up to a metal
loading of 2 – 3wt% of the total catalyst. Above the maximum level, the catalyst begin
approaching the equilibrium saturation level rapidly, and metal breakthrough is likely to occur.
This results in mechanical problem in reactor and channeling.

PLATFORMING UNIT (103 UNIT):
INTRODUCTION:
The main function of the Platforming Unit is to upgrade low octane number straight run naphtha to
higher octane motor fuel blending components or gasoline (MS) by catalytically promoting specific
groups of chemical reactions
The Platforming application is also used to prepare feed stock for the production of specific aromatic
hydrocarbons namely High purity benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes for BTX unit by the combination
of reforming, aromatic extraction, and fractionation.
This platforming application is also used for H2 production which is useful in supporting the operation of
reformer feed preparation units as well as other hydrotreating units. The light hydrocarbon gases, by-
products of the cracking reactions are added to refinery fuel gas systems. Butanes, other cracking by-
products, are commonly used in adjusting vapor pressures of gasoline pools.
Reforming can be Thermal or Catalytic. Thermal reforming is not preferred due to its lower conversion
and selectivity therefore catalytic reforming is used. In which longer chain molecules are converted to
high octane olefins, n-paraffin to iso paraffins and naphtenes to aromatics.
GENERAL PROCESS DESCRIPTION:

The feed to the Platforming unit must be properly hydrotreated to lower sulfur and nitrogen
contents to below 0.5% wt ppm, saturate olefins, and remove metals, halogens and
oxygenates. All these impurities are removed in the hydrobon unit before entering into the
platforming unit. The naphtha boiling range has a minimum IBP of 80 ˚C (175˚F) and a maximum
EBP of 205 ˚C (400˚F).
The reactions that take place in the Platforming unit are mostly endothermic, and must occur at
elevated temperatures in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain optimum catalyst life and product
yields. If the conditions are unfavourable, product yields and catalyst life will be poor.
There are two process flow schemes in the platforming unit. First is the high pressure system
known as 103 HP System and the second is low pressure system called 103 LP System.

103 HP SYSTEM:
Heavy treated naphtha (H.T.N) from 102 enters into the 103 unit through 103 feed pumps
103P- 07 A &B at a temperature of around 200 ˚F alongside recycle gas is injected at the feed
though 103PCV – 053 at a recycle gas pressure of 900 psig.
Feed enters into the platforming combine feed exchanger 103 E – 6 on the tube side. This
exchanger is a vertical heat exchanger which is also known as “Texas Tower”. Before entering
on the tube side a chemical named as “Perc” is injected in the feed line which contains chlorine
in it. This chemical is injected in order to maintain acidic reaction sites which are responsible for
the desired (De hydro cyclization and Isomerization) and undesired (Hydrocracking) reactions
and is maintained around 15 – 25 mole ppm. Over chloride injection is indicated by an increase
in Cracking reactions which add cock to the catalyst at an increased rate and also lower H 2
purity in recycle gas.
This H.T.N is leaves the exchanger at a temperature of 800 ˚F and transfers to furnace 103F – 3
which maintains a reaction temperature of 927 ˚F for the reactor 103R – 6 where a series of
reaction takes place. At the tube side outlet of 103E – 6 condensate is injected in order to to
redistribute the chloride through the whole catalyst bed. As these reactions are endothermic in
nature therefore temperature drops in the reactor at around 100 ˚F. This ∆T in the reactor is
closely monitored during operation. If the ∆T in the reactor increase from 100 ˚F, local naphtha
which is charged in the 102 Feed is stopped.
Due to temperature loss in 103R – 6 the reactor effluent is again heated and transfers into
another furnace 103F – 4 which maintains a reaction temperature of 927 ˚F for the reactor
103R – 7. In this reactor the endothermic reactions drops the temperature to around 40 ˚F.
Due to again temperature loss in 103R – 7 the reactor effluent is again heated and transfers
into another furnace 103F – 5 which maintains a reaction temperature of 927 ˚F for the reactor
103R – 8. In this reactor the endothermic reactions drops the temperature to around 10 ˚F.
In all these three reactors 103R – 6, 7 & 8 a catalyst R – 56 which is Platinum or rhenium based
on alumina base is used.
After 103R – 8 two streams of reactor effluent are withdrawn which are controlled through a
temperature controller 103TCV – 114. One is transferred on the tube side of debutanizer trim
cooler 103E – 13 where as other to the shell side of platforming combine feed exchanger 103 E
– 6 at a temperature of 900 ˚F and leaves the shell side at a temperature of 230 ˚F after
transferring its heat to the reactor feed on tube side.

The reactor effluent is then further cooled in the platforming product condenser 103E – 8 to
temperature of around 135°F.
The reactor effluent is further cooled in the platforming product trim cooler 103E – 9 A &B / C
& D where it enters on the shell side and is cooled to a temperature of around 90 °F.
The reactor flows to a product separator 103V – 9. A mesh blanket coalesce is provided in the
separator to ensure complete separation of H2 rich gas (purity 70-85 vol%) and platformate.
Some H2 gases are supplied to a fuel gas vessel 177V – 4 from where fuel gas is supplied to all
the fuel units at a pressure of around 24 bar. Most of the H2 gas is suppled to compressor
suction vessel 103V – 33 from where H2 after being compressed through compressors 103K – 1
A, B, C & D is supplied to 102 & 103 feed. Some compressed H2 is also stored in hydrogen
storage bottles namely 103 V -22, 23 & 31 from where H2 is used during startups.
From bottom of the vessel all the collected platformate is supplied to 103 LP system.
103 LP SYSTEM:
Un stabilized Platformate from the product separator is supplied to De butanizer Feed/ Bottom
exchanger 103E – 10 A, B & C at shell side and enters the Stabilizer or De – Butanizer Column
103C –10 on feed tray no 16 at a temperature of around 300 °F.
The De – Butanizer Column 103C –10 is provided with 32 trays in total which are of valve type
with tiffin trays on the top of the column. The column has two sections with vapors on the top
of the column while re boiling stream and product on the bottom of the column.
The vapors are drawn off from the top of the column at a top temperature of around 140 °F
and a pressure of 17.0 bar is maintained in order to separate all lighter hydrocarbons from the
platformate mainly the butane compound to a De butanizer condenser 103E – 14 which
transfers the De butanizer overhead condensed vapors to De butanizer overhead receiver
vessel 103V – 11 where the overhead condensed liquid is reflux to the De butanizer through De
butanizer reflux pumps 103P – 08 A & B maintaining the purity and temperature of top of the
column. From these reflux pumps the condensed liquid which can also be used as LPG is
transferred to 120 Propane Recovery Unit (PRU) where propane is purified and to be used in
Lube Process. Some overhead vapors in the vessel are also transferred to fuel gas vessel 177V –
4 from where fuel gas is supplied to all the fuel units
From bottom of the column three lines are drawn off. Two are used as a re boiling stream while
other is used as a rundown for the final product reformate.

Bottom temperature is controlled through two re boiling streams. One enters in the shell side
of de butanizer trim cooler 103E – 13 while other stream to two re boiling pumps 102P – 09 A &
B supplying the feed to reboiling furnace 103F – 6 maintaining a bottom temperature of 440 °F
in the De butanizer.
Another line from the bottom of the De butanizer is used as a rundown for the final product
reformate which first transfers its heat to De butanizer feed by entering into the tube side of
debutanizer feed / bottom exchangers 103E – 10 A,B & C and then to platformate cooler 103E –
11. For further cooling this reformate is transferred to platformate trim coolers 103E – 12 A &B
and a double pipe exchanger 103E – 12 C bringing this reformate to a temperature of 35 ˚C
This reformate which is rundown has an R.V.P maintained at 6 – 8 while RON at 90 – 92. An IBP
of 40 ˚C (105˚F) and a maximum EBP of 180 ˚C (360˚F) is also maintain of the reformate. This
reformate is Rundown to storage tanks S – 16, 17, 18, 19 & 20. This reformate is blended with
light naphtha and a RON of 87.5 is blended for marketing of Gasoline (MS).
CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:

Following are the reactions involved during platforming process.
 Dehydrogenation of Naphthenes
 Isomerization of Naphthenes and Paraffins
 Dehydrocyclization of Paraffins
 Hydrocracking
 Demethylation
 Dealkylation of Aromatics
 DEHYDROGENATION OF NAPHTHENES:
The final step in the formation of aromatic from a naphthene is the dehydrogenation of a
cyclohexane. The reaction of a cyclohexane to the corresponding aromatic is extremely rapid
and essentially quantitative. Naphthenes are obviously the most desirable feed components
because the dehydrogenation reaction is easy to promote and produces by-product hydrogen,

as well as the aromatic hydrocarbons. This reaction is very endothermic. It is promoted by a
metal catalyst function and is favored by high reaction temperature and low pressure.
In the above reaction following symbols are being used:
 ISOMERIZATION OF NAPHTHENES AND PARAFFINS:

The isomerization of a cyclopentane occurs as the first step in converting the cyclopentane to
an aromatic. This isomerization involves ring arrangement and probability for ring opening to
form paraffin is quite high. Therefore, the reaction of alkyl cyclopentane to cyclohexane is not
quantitative. The reaction is strongly dependent on the processing conditions.

Paraffin isomerization occurs readily in commercial Platforming operations but at typical
operating temperatures the thermodynamic equilibrium is not strongly in favor of the more
desirable branched isomers. In motor fuel applicatioins this reaction does make a contribution
to octane improvement of the naphtha.
Isomerization reactions result from carbonium ion intermediate reactions. These reactions are
promoted by an acidic catalyst function, and are only slightly dependent on operating pressure
 DEHYDROCYCLIZATION OF PARAFFINS:
Dehydrocyclization of paraffins is the most difficult Platforming reaction to promote. It consists
of a very difficult molecular rearrangement from paraffin to a naphthene. In the case of light
paraffin, equilibrium considerations limit this reaction.
The paraffin cyclization step becomes easier as the molecular weight of the paraffin increases,
because of increased statistical probability for the formation of naphthene. Dehydrocyclization
is favored by low pressure and high temperatures. Both metal and acid catalyst functions are
needed to promote this reaction.

 HYDROCRACKING:
Paraffin hydrocracking is relatively rapid and is favored by high pressure and temperature. The
disappearance of paraffins from the gasoline boiling range via hydrocracking does concentrate
aromatics in the product and hence contributes to octane improvement. The reaction does,
however, consume hydrogen and result in lower reformate yield.
 DEMETHYLATION:
Demethylation reactions generally occur only in very severe Platforming operations high
pressure and temperature. Under certain conditions it may occyr during the startup of a unit
following catalyst replacement or regenenration. The reaction is metal catalyzed and is favored
by high temperature and pressure. It can be inhibited by attenuation of the metal catalyst
function by addition of sulfur or a second metal.

 DEALKYLATION OF AROMATICS:
The dealkylation of aromatics is similar to aromatic demethylation, differing only in the size of
the fragment removed from the ring. If the alkyl side chain is large enough, this reaction can be
visualized as acid catalyzed carbonium ion cracking of the side chain. The dealkylation reaction
is also favored by high temperature and pressure.

102 UNIT
NAPHTHA HP CIRCUIT
PG TG
PG
102 FCV - 026 PG PG PG

NAPHTHA FEED
F 3" I-68
FROM S-512 3" 3" For H2 Injection
102FT – 026
102 Feed
3" From 102 E – 01H
5" 4" Sample Point 2" 2" 102 E – 01 H
102 HCV - 025
102P – 1A I-17 I-18
2" From 102 LCV – 54
3" 102 E – 01 B 102 E – 01 D 102 E – 01 F
TG
3" 2"
From 102 V - 102 E – 01 A 102 E – 01 E
102 E – 01 C 102 E – 01 G
NAPHTHA FEED 2
SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384)

5" 4"
FROM S-61/62/511
PG 3"
From 103 P – PG
07A Discharge
Line
3"
5" 4"
TG
102P – 1B From 103P – 07A & B
Combined Discharge
TG 3" 3" Line To 102 HCV – 25
2"
I-21 I-22
I-6
I-9
5" 4"
I-7
I-8
4"
From 103P –
07A Suction
Line PG
I-27
I-23
I-26
I-24
FT
To 105V - 8
TG
I-54
PG PG PG
PT
I-55
PG
PT 102 PSV - 01
To 177 V – 4
I-29
Fuel Gas System 3" 3" 3"

102 PCV - 039 102 R – 01A 102 F - 01
P 102 E – 02
Sample Point
I-30
LT M – 1&2
INITIAL LINE – UP OF 102& 103 UNIT
3" I-32 I-31

102 E – 01 B 102 E – 01 D 102 E – 01 F 102 E – 01 H
L 102 E – 03 B
102 V – 02
LG
HP SEPARATOR
I-35 I-34
I-43 I-42
Sample Point
102 E – 01 A 102 E – 01 C 102 E – 01 E
102 E – 01 G For Regeneration

L
LG LT
102 E – 03 A TG
Open Drain
1" 1" PG PG PG PG
102 LCV - 037 TG
Page 19
To 102 E – 4C (S/S)
Prepared By : Syed Huzaifa Ali
3" 3" LP Circuit
102 LCV - 040
NRL NO: 11384
102 UNIT
NAPHTHA LP CIRCUIT
TG
102 PSV - 2 TG TG To Flare PG
From 102V - 2
Through 102LCV - To 177 V- 4
PG P 2"
40 PT 102 PCV - 071
102 E – 4A 102 E – 5 102 PT - 071 FUEL GAS
TO 102 HCV - 025 M–1&2 SYSTEM
P
102 E – 6 LT
I-3 I-2 L 102 V – 05

PG
OVER HEAD REFLUX LG LP SEPARATOR
102 E – 4B

2"
L 3" F 2"
LG 102 FCV - 073
LT TG 102 FT - 073
102 E – 4C 102 P – 04A
102 E – 4A
Open PG To 101 V- 7
drain
I-31 I-30
2"
3"
102 E – 4B OVER HEAD REFLUX 102 P – 04B OVER HEAD REFLUX
I-32 I-33
102 E – 4C
4"
TG
To S – 512
4"
102 C – 4 Intermediate
Sample Point 102 E – 12A L 4" 2" Storage Tank
102 LT - 054
STRIPPER 102 LCV - 054
Reformate From From
COLUMN 103 E – 12C 102 HCV – 025
PG
I-36
3"
4"
I-37
102 P – 07A
To 102 P – 01B
To 102 P – 01B
Discharge Line
PT Suction Line
P
To 103 Unit
PG PG 4" Feed to Platformer Unit
F
102 FT - 050
102 FCV - 050
TG I-41 I-42
3" To
Sample Point
103 E – 10 (S/S)
4"
102 P – 07B
T
TT
PG
4"
5"
102 P – 03A
I-25
Page 20
F 4"
PG 102 FT - 060
I-24
I-26
102 FCV - 060

I-27
P
102 PDIC - 062
NRL NO: 11384
4"
5" 102 F - 02
REBOILING STREAM 102 P – 03B REBOILING STREAM

103 UNIT
NAPHTHA HP CIRCUIT
Recycle Gas From TG
103 K – 1 A,B,C,D
From 103 FCV – 050
PG PG PG
PG

P
PT
103 E – 06
PG PT PG PT PG PT
Texas Tower
P P P
PG T
103 F - 3 103 R - 6 103 F - 4 103 R - 7 103 F - 5 103 R - 8 103 TT - 114
103 TCV - 114
Sample
103 E - 13 Point
PG
To 177V – 4
Caustic wash line from 119P – 01 A&B
I-46
P Fuel Gas
4" Used In Regeneration 2"
System
103 PT – 65 B
I-47
103 PCV – 065 B
PG
I-33
Open vent
I-32
P To be used for
103 PCV – 070 Re-generation
103 PT – 070
PG
I-38
To 105 V – 8
I-39
P 2"
103 PT – 404
103 PCV – 404
PG 103 PSV - 05 Caustic wash line from 119P – 01 A&B

I-45
PT
3" Used In Regeneration
P
I-44
102 E – 8 I-20 I-19 LT To

103 K – 1C
L 103 V – 09 Open vent
To
103 K – 1D To To
103 E – 9C
103 E – 9A 103 V – 33 103 K – 1B 103 K – 1A
HP SEPARATOR
LG
Compressor
PG
PT Suction
I-17 I-18 P
L Drum
LG LT
103 E – 9D L
103 E – 9B
Page 21
LG LT
I-21 I-22
Open
Drain
To Prepared By : Syed Huzaifa Ali

103 E – 10B (S/S)
2" NRL NO: 11384
103 LCV – 063
LP Circuit
103 UNIT
NAPHTHA LP CIRCUIT
103 PSV - 7 PG PT
PG
P To Flare
To 177 V- 4
103 E – 14 PG P 3"
103 E – 10A PT 103 PCV - 128
103 E – 10C 103 PT - 128 FUEL GAS
SYSTEM
P
I-6 I-5 LT
L 103 V – 11
103 E – 10B LG LP SEPARATOR

From 103 V - 9

Through 103 To 120
2" PG L 4" PRU Unit
LCV - 063 103 LCV – 137
OVER HEAD REFLUX 103 LT - 137
I-2
3" TG
I-1
From
Open 2"
103 FCV – 050 drain
3"
U/S Valve
103 P – 08A
PG F 4" 103 FCV - 127

103 FT - 127
2"
3"
103 P – 08B
OVER HEAD REFLUX OVER HEAD REFLUX
103 C – 10
PT
P TG TG
DE -
PG
BUTANIZER
L 3"
103 LCV – 105
103 LT - 105
TG 103 E – 11 Sample
Point
103 E – 12C
103 E – 10A 103 E – 12A Reformate
R/D
T 103 E – 10C
TT I-54 I-55 I-58 I-57
To S – 512
Intermediate
Storage Tank
103 E – 10B 103 E – 12B
PG
4"
103 E – 13 6"
103 P – 09A
I-51
F 4"
PG 103 FT - 119
I-46
I-45
103 FCV - 119

I-48
Page 22
4" NRL NO: 11384
6" 103 F - 06
103 P – 09B
REBOILING STREAM REBOILING STREAM

103 COMPRESSORS
HYDROGEN USAGE
I-6
6"
I-5
Cylinder I Cylinder II
Open Vent For Filling &

Use From Suction
Hydrogen
Storage Vessels
To D/S Of 102 FCV – 026

3" P P (Hydrogen Injection On
102 PCV – 065A 102 Unit)

102 PT - 031 102 PT – 031B
Discharge
103K – 01D
103PSV – 06D
Cylinder I Cylinder II PG
6" PG PG
I-8
6"
Cylinder I Cylinder II
I-9
For Filling & P To D/S Of 103 FCV – 050
For Filling & 6" (Hydrogen Injection On
Use From 103 PCV – 053
Use From 103 PT - 053 103 Unit)
Suction Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Storage Vessels Storage Vessels
Discharge
103K – 01C
103PSV – 06C
6"
6"
Cylinder II For Filling &

Cylinder I
Use From
For Filling & Hydrogen
Use From Storage Vessels
Suction
Hydrogen
Storage Vessels
Discharge
103K – 01B
103PSV – 06B
6"
6" For Filling &

Use From
Cylinder I Cylinder II Hydrogen
Storage Vessels
For Filling &
Use From
Suction
Hydrogen
Storage Vessels
Discharge
103K – 01A
103PSV – 06A
From
102V – 2 103 V – 33
6"
Page 23
Compressor
PG
PT Suction For Filling &
P
Drum Use From Prepared By : Syed Huzaifa Ali
Hydrogen
L Storage Vessels NRL NO: 11384
LG LT
Open
Drain
103 COMPRESSORS
USE FROM HYDROGEN STORAGE BOTTLES
103PSV – 22
From 103V – 22 From 103V – 22
To 103 PCV – 065A
From 103K – 01 A
Discharge Line

103V – 22 PG
103PSV – 21 103PSV – 20
To Discharge Lines
To 105K – 01A,B,C Of 103K – 01 A,B & C
To Flare
each
Flange
To Flare
103PSV – 23
To Suction Lines Of
PG PG 103K – 01 A,B & C
each
103V – 21 103V – 20
103V – 23 PG
Flange To Be Turned To Suction Line Of

LG LG PG PG PG 103 K – 01 D
For Use From 103V - 31
To Flare
To Flare To Flare
103PSV – 31
103V – 31 PG PG

NRL NO: 11384
Page 24
103 COMPRESSORS
USE FROM HYDROGEN STORAGE BOTTLES
103PSV – 22
From 103V – 22 From 103V – 22
To 103 PCV – 065A
From 103K – 01 A
Discharge Line

103V – 22 PG
103PSV – 21 103PSV – 20
To Discharge Lines
To 105K – 01A,B,C Of 103K – 01 A,B & C
To Flare
each
Flange
To Flare
103PSV – 23
To Suction Lines Of
PG PG 103K – 01 A,B & C
each
103V – 21 103V – 20
103V – 23 PG
Flange To Be Turned To Suction Line Of

LG LG PG PG PG 103 K – 01 D
For Use From 103V - 31
To Flare
To Flare To Flare
103PSV – 31
103V – 31 PG PG

NRL NO: 11384
Page 25
103 COMPRESSORS
FILLING OF NITROGEN VESSEL
Fin Filters
103PSV – 32
Supply To 102
Liquid Nitrogen & 103 Area 103PSV – 21 103V – 32
PG
Vessel V-27

(VIE) PG
Flange
To 120 Unit
PG
LG 103V – 21
PG Used For Supplying to 101 unit

Through Hoze Pipe To 103V - 31
LG
Flange Turned For
Filling In 103V - 32
PG
To Flare
Used For Filling Of Hydrogen

Cylinders
Fin Filters
From 105K – 01A,B,C
103PSV – 20 To Or From 103V – 22
PG
PG PG PG
103V – 20
103K – 02
LG
To Flare

NRL NO: 11384
Page 26
103 COMPRESSORS
USE FROM NITROGEN VESSEL
103PSV – 32
Fin Filters
PG 103V – 32
Liquid Nitrogen
Vessel

(VIE)
To 120 Unit
LG
PG Used For Supplying to 101 unit

Through Hoze Pipe To Moisture Box on To Lube - I To 105V - 9
To 102V - 2 PG To 105V - 2 To 103E – 9
Compressor Roof Top A,B & C,D
PG Bundle Shell
Side Outlet
To 103V - 9
Used For Filling Of Hydrogen To 103V – 12(Perc)

Cylinders Bottom
Fin Filters
Used For Filling Of
Nitrogen Vessel 103V - 32
To To 102E – 1A To 103E – 6 To 105 To 105

102R – 1A Tube Side Top Blanketing MP Steam Columns
To To To
Outlet
103R - 6 103R - 7 103R - 8

NRL NO: 11384
Page 27
FUEL GAS CIRCUIT
SUPPLY TO FUEL GAS VESSEL
PG
From 105V – 02, 03, 05
P 2" 3" 3"

102 PCV - 039
102 PT - 039
I-13 I-14
I-15 I-16
I-21 I-22
I-10 I-9
3"
I-18 I-17
I-20 I-19

102V – 02
From 105V – 02, 03, 05
102 HP SEPARATOR
I-11 I-12
177V – 04
FUEL GAS VESSEL

PG
P 2"
102 PCV - 071
102 PT - 071
102V – 05
102 LP SEPARATOR
PG
P 2"
102 PCV - 128
102 PT - 128
103V – 11
103 LP SEPARATOR
PG
P 2"
103 PT – 065 B 103 PCV – 065 B
103V – 09
Page 28
103 HP SEPARATOR
NRL NO: 11384
FUEL GAS CIRCUIT
SUPPLY FROM FUEL GAS VESSEL TO
MAIN FURNACE BURNERS
To Pilot Gas
PG
I-3
3" P 3" 3" ZV 103 UV - 143
PT
I-4
From Natural Gas PG PG
103 F – 04

Three Main Burners
P P
103 PT - 185 PT
3" 103 PCV - 185
177V – 04 103V – 35
FUEL GAS VESSEL FUEL GAS KOD

PG PG
103 F – 03
Three Main Burners
LG P P
103 PT - 166 PT
103 PCV - 166
Drain
To Flare
PG PG
103 F – 05
One Main Burner
P P
103 PT - 203 PT
103 PCV - 203
PG PG
102 F – 01
P P One Main Burner
ZV 102 UV - 092
102 PT - 090 PT
102 PCV - 090
PG PG
102 F – 02
One Main Burner
P P
ZV 102 UV - 117
102 PT - 115 PT
102 PCV - 115
PG PG
103 F – 06
Three Main Burners
Page 29
P P
ZV 103 UV - 270
103 PT - 268 PT
103 PCV - 268

NRL NO: 11384
FUEL GAS CIRCUIT
SUPPLY FROM FUEL GAS VESSEL TO
PILOT BURNERS

PG PG
I-3
3" P P
ZV 103UV - 144
PT PT PG
I-1
103 F – 04
From Natural Gas To Main Furnace Three Pilot Burners
Burners
PG
103 F – 03
177V – 04 Three Pilot Burners
FUEL GAS VESSEL

PG
103 F – 05
One Pilot Burner
PG
102 F – 01
One Pilot Burner
ZV 102UV - 098
PG
102 F – 02
One Pilot Burner
ZV 102UV - 123
PG PG
103 F – 06
ZV Three Pilot Burners
103UV - 276
Page 30
NRL NO: 11384
NATURAL GAS CIRCUIT
To Main
I-7
Flare Line

4"
I-6
PG
To 120 V-3
PG To Fuel Gas Line

From Old Supplying To
Boiler house 6" 102 & 103
4" 4" Furnaces
6"
To 177V-4
To Flare
Header
To 120 Unit
Flare Line
To Flare Line
Of 102PSV - 01
To 108 Unit
Bottom Of
103V - 11
Bottom Of
102V - 05
Page 31
NRL NO: 11384

102 & 103 Hydrotreater Report

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102 & 103 Hydrotreater Report

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NAPHTHA HYDROBON & PLATFORMING UNIT

(102 & 103 UNIT)

INITIAL LINEUP & PROCESS DESCRIPTION REPORT

NRL # 11384 (Operations Fuel Dept.)

ENGR. RAO ARSALAN (UNIT ENGINEER 101 UNIT)

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 1

GENERAL PROCESS DESCRIPTION:

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 2

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 3

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 4

 Conversion of organic sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. (Sulfur Removal)

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 5

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 6

Following are the reactions involved.

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 7

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 8

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 9

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 10

GENERAL PROCESS DESCRIPTION:

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 11

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 12

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 13

CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:

 Isomerization of Naphthenes and Paraffins

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 14

In the above reaction following symbols are being used:

 ISOMERIZATION OF NAPHTHENES AND PARAFFINS:

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 15

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 16

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 17

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384) Page 18

102 FCV - 026 PG PG PG

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384)

Fuel Gas System 3" 3" 3"

3" I-32 I-31

102 E – 01 G For Regeneration

I-3 I-2 L 102 V – 05

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384)

102 E – 4B OVER HEAD REFLUX 102 P – 04B OVER HEAD REFLUX

102 FCV - 060

REBOILING STREAM 102 P – 03B REBOILING STREAM

From 103 FCV – 050

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384)

PG 103 PSV - 05 Caustic wash line from 119P – 01 A&B

102 E – 8 I-20 I-19 LT To

To Prepared By : Syed Huzaifa Ali

103 E – 10B LG LP SEPARATOR

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384)

PG F 4" 103 FCV - 127

OVER HEAD REFLUX OVER HEAD REFLUX

103 E – 10B 103 E – 12B

103 FCV - 119

REBOILING STREAM REBOILING STREAM

Open Vent For Filling &

To D/S Of 102 FCV – 026

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384)

Cylinder II For Filling &

6" For Filling &

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384)

Flange To Be Turned To Suction Line Of

Prepared By : Syed Huzaifa Ali

SYED HUZAIFA ALI (11384)

Flange To Be Turned To Suction Line Of