Leslie Stephen

Sir Leslie Stephen KCB FBA (28 de noviembre de 1832 - 22 de

febrero de 1904) fue un autor, crítico, historiador , biógrafo y
montañero inglés , y padre de Virginia Woolf y Vanessa Bell .
 Sir Leslie Stephen
KCB Logística de Amazon

Stephen c.  1860

Nacido 28 de noviembre de 1832

Kensington Gore , Londres ,
Inglaterra

Murió 22 de febrero de 1904 (71 años)

Kensington , Londres , Inglaterra

Nacionalidad Inglés

Esposos) Harriet Thackeray (1867-1875)

Julia Jackson (1878-1895)

Niños 5, ver lista

Laura (1870-1945)
Vanessa (1879-1961)
Thoby (1880-1906)

Virginia (1882-1941)
Adrian (1883-1948)

Padre (s) Sir James Stephen (1789–1859)

Lady Jane Venn (1793–1875)
 Parientes Ver lista
Julian Bell (nieto)
Quentin Bell (nieto)
Angelica Garnett (nieta)

Vida
Sir Leslie Stephen provenía de una distinguida familia intelectual,
[1] y nació a los 14 años (luego pasó a ser 42) Hyde Park Gate ,
Kensington en Londres, hijo de Sir James Stephen y (Lady) Jane
Catherine (de soltera Venn) Stephen. Su padre fue subsecretario
de Estado Colonial y un destacado abolicionista . Fue el cuarto de
cinco hijos, entre sus hermanos, entre ellos James Fitzjames
Stephen (1829–1894) y Caroline Emelia Stephen (1834–1909).

Su familia había pertenecido a la Secta Clapham , el grupo de

principios del siglo XIX de reformadores sociales cristianos
principalmente evangélicos . En la casa de su padre vio a muchos
Macaulay , James Spedding , Sir Henry Taylor y Nassau Senior .
Leslie Stephen se educó en Eton College , King's College London y
Trinity Hall, Cambridge , donde se graduó BA (vigésimo wrangler )
en 1854 y MA en 1857. Fue elegido miembro del Trinity Hall en
1854 y se convirtió en tutor junior en 1856. [2] En 1859
fueordenado pero su estudio de la filosofía, junto con las
controversias religiosas en torno a la publicación de El origen de
las especies (1859) por Charles Darwin , le hizo perder la fe en
1862, y en 1864 renunció a sus puestos en Cambridge, y se
trasladó a Londres. Contó algunas de sus experiencias en un
capítulo de su Life of Fawcett , así como en algunos Sketches
menos formales de Cambridge: By a Don (1865). Estos bocetos se
reimprimieron de la Pall Mall Gazette , cuyo propietario, George
Murray Smith , le había presentado su hermano. [1]

Matrimonio …

(1) Harriet (Minny) Thackeray 1867–1875 …

Harriet y Leslie Stephen, 1867

Tumba de Harriet, cementerio de Kensal Green

The family connections included that of William Makepeace

Thackeray. His brother, Fitzjames had been a friend of Thackeray's
and assisted in the disposition of his estate when he died in 1863.
His sister Caroline met Thackeray's daughters, Anny (1837–1919)
and Minny (Harriet Marian Thackeray 1840–1875) when they were
mutual guests of Julia Margaret Cameron (of whom, see later).
This led to an invitation to visit from Leslie Stephen's mother, Lady
Stephen, where the sisters met him. They also met at George
Murray Smith's house at Hampstead. Minny and Leslie became
engaged on 4 December 1866 and married on 19 June 1867. After
the wedding they travelled to the Swiss Alps and northern Italy,
and on return to England lived at the Thackeray sister's home at
16 Onslow Gardens with Anny, who was a novelist. In the spring of
1868 Minny miscarried but recovered sufficiently for the couple to
tour the eastern United States. Minny miscarried again in 1869,
but became pregnant again in 1870 and on 7 December gave birth
to their daughter, Laura Makepeace Stephen (1870–1945). Laura
was premature, weighing three pounds. In March 1873 Thackeray
and the Stephens moved to 8 Southwell Gardens. [3] The couple
travelled extensively, and by 1875 Minny was pregnant again, but
this time was in poor health. On 27 November she developed
convulsions, and died the following day of eclampsia.[4]
After Minny's death, Leslie Stephen continued to live with Anny,
but they moved to 11 Hyde Park gate South in 1876, next door to
her widowed friend and collaborator, Julia Duckworth. Leslie
Stephen and his daughter were also cared for by his sister, the
writer Caroline Emelia Stephen, although Leslie described her as
"Silly Milly" and her books as "little works".[5][6][4] Meanwhile, Anny
was falling in love with her younger cousin Richmond Ritchie, to
Leslie Stephen's consternation. Ritchie became a constant visitor
and they became engaged in May 1877, and were married on 2
August. At the same time Leslie Stephen was seeing more and
more of Julia Duckworth.

(2) Julia Duckworth 1878–1895 …

Julia Duckworth by Julia Margaret Cameron, 1872

His second marriage was to Julia Prinsep Duckworth (née

Jackson, 1846–1895). Julia had been born in India and after
returning to England she became a model for Pre-Raphaelite
painters such as Edward Burne-Jones.[7] In 1867 she had married
Herbert Duckworth (1833 − 1870) by whom she had three children
prior to his death in 1870.

Leslie Stephen and Julia Duckworth were married on 26 March

1878. They had four children:

Vanessa (1879–1961) married Clive Bell

Thoby (1880–1906)
Virginia (1882–1941) married Leonard Woolf
Adrian (1883–1948)

In May 1895, Julia died of influenza, leaving her husband with four
young children aged 11 to 15 (her children by her first marriage
being adult by then).[8]

Career …

In the 1850s, Stephen and his brother James Fitzjames Stephen

were invited by Frederick Denison Maurice to lecture at The
Working Men's College. Leslie Stephen became a member of the
College's governing College Corporation.[9]

Stephen was an Honorary Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and

received the honorary degree Doctor of Letters (D. Litt.) from the
University of Cambridge and from the University of Oxford
(November 1901[10]). While at Cambridge, Stephen became an
Anglican clergyman. In 1865, having renounced his religious
beliefs, and after a visit to the United States two years earlier,
where he had formed lasting friendships with Oliver Wendell
Holmes, Jr., James Russell Lowell and Charles Eliot Norton, he
settled in London and became a journalist, eventually editing the
Cornhill Magazine in 1871 where R. L. Stevenson, Thomas Hardy,
W. E. Norris, Henry James, and James Payn figured among his
contributors.

In his spare time, he participated in athletics and mountaineering.

He also contributed to the Saturday Review, Fraser, Macmillan, the
Fortnightly, and other periodicals. He was already known as a
climber, as a contributor to Peaks, Passes and Glaciers (1862), and
as one of the earliest presidents of the Alpine Club, when, in 1871,
in commemoration of his own first ascents in the Alps, he
published The Playground of Europe, which immediately became a
mountaineering classic, drawing—together with Whymper's
Scrambles Amongst the Alps—successive generations of its
readers to the Alps.

During the eleven years of his editorship, in addition to three

volumes of critical studies, he made two valuable contributions to
philosophical history and theory. The first was The History of
English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (1876 and 1881). This
work was generally recognised as an important addition to
philosophical literature and led immediately to Stephen's election
at the Athenaeum Club in 1877. The second was The Science of
Ethics (1882). It was extensively adopted as a textbook on the
subject and made him the best-known proponent of evolutionary
ethics in late-nineteenth-century Britain. He was elected a member
of the American Antiquarian Society in 1901.[11]

Stephen also served as the first editor (1885–91) of the Dictionary

of National Biography.

He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

(KCB) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June
1902.[12][13]

Humanism …

As an adult, Stephen was an agnostic atheist who wrote

extensively about his views. In Social Rights and Duties, he
explained how he came to lose his faith of his parents: "When I
ceased to accept the teaching of my youth, it was not so much a
process of giving up beliefs as of discovering that I never really
believed."[14] His second wife, Julia, was similarly activist in her
writings on agnosticism.

He advocated for more people of this view to claim the label

"agnostic" for themselves, eschewing the harder associations of
the unadorned term "atheist", reflecting the fact that no one who
claims a disbelief in gods does so on the basis of professing
absolute knowledge about the universe. He concluded his essay,
"An Agnostic's Apology," with a reply to religious critics who hold
atheists and agnostics in contempt, writing:

"Til then, we shall be content to admit openly what

you whisper under your breath or hide in technical
jargon, that the ancient secret is secret still; that
man knows nothing of the Infinite and Absolute; and
that, knowing nothing, he had better not be
dogmatic about his ignorance. And, meanwhile, we
will endeavour to be as charitable as possible, and
whilst you trumpet forth officially your contempt for
our skepticism, we will at least try to believe that
you are imposed upon by your own bluster."

— Leslie Stephen[15]

Stephen was very involved in the organised humanist movement,

even serving multiple terms as President of the West London
Ethical Society (part of the Union of Ethical Societies, which
became Humanists UK).[16] He gave numerous addresses and
lectures to the ethical society during his tenure as President,
which are collected at length across multiple volumes of humanist
writing. He was an active organiser in the movement, and in one
lecture, entitled "The aims of ethical societies," set about the task
of defining the broader social purpose which animated the wider
Ethical movement at that time.[17]

Mountaineering …

Leslie Stephen painted by George Frederic Watts, 1878.

Stephen was one of the most prominent figures in the golden age
of alpinism (the period between Wills's ascent of the Wetterhorn in
1854 and Whymper's ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865) during
which many major alpine peaks saw their first ascents. Joining
the Alpine Club in 1857 (the year of its formation), Stephen made
the first ascent, usually in the company of his favourite Swiss
guide Melchior Anderegg, of the following peaks:

Wildstrubel – 11 September 1858 with T. W. Hinchliff and

Melchior Anderegg
Bietschhorn – 13 August 1859 with Anton Siegen, Johann
Siegen and Joseph Ebener
 Rimpfischhorn – 9 September 1859 with Robert Living, Melchior
Anderegg and Johann Zumtaugwald
Alphubel – 9 August 1860 with T. W. Hinchliff, Melchior
Anderegg and Peter Perren
Blüemlisalphorn – 27 August 1860 with Robert Living, Melchior
Anderegg, F. Ogi, P. Simond and J. K. Stone
Schreckhorn – 16 August 1861 with Ulrich Kaufmann, Christian
Michel and Peter Michel
Monte Disgrazia – 23 August 1862 with E. S. Kennedy, Thomas
Cox and Melchior Anderegg
Zinalrothorn – 22 August 1864 with Florence Crauford Grove,
Jakob Anderegg and Melchior Anderegg
Mont Mallet – 4 September 1871 with G. Loppe, F. A. Wallroth,
Melchior Anderegg, Ch. and A. Tournier

Fue presidente del Alpine Club de 1865 a 1868 y editó el Alpine

Journal de 1868 a 1872.

Lista de publicaciones seleccionadas

El grado de encuesta desde un tercer punto de vista (1863).
The "Times" sobre la guerra estadounidense: un estudio histórico
(1865).
Bocetos de Cambridge (1865).
El patio de recreo de Europa (1871).
 Ensayos sobre el pensamiento libre y el hablar claro (1873).
Horas en una biblioteca (3 vols., 1874–1879).
La historia del pensamiento inglés en el siglo XVIII (2 vols., 1876).
Samuel Johnson (1878).
Rápido (1882).
La ciencia de la ética (1882).
Vida de Henry Fawcett (1885).[18]
La disculpa de un agnóstico y otros ensayos (Londres: Smith, Elder and
Company, 1893).
Sir Victor Brooke, deportista y naturalista (1894).
La vida de Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, Bart., KCSI (1895).
Derechos y deberes sociales (1896).
Estudios de un biógrafo (4 volúmenes, 1898-1902).
Los utilitarios ingleses (1900).
George Eliot (Londres: Macmillan, 1902).
Literatura y sociedad inglesas en el siglo XVIII (Conferencias Ford)
(Londres: Duckworth and Company, 1903, 1904).
Hobbes (1904).
Stephen, Leslie (1977). Bell, Alan S (ed.). Libro del mausoleo de Sir
Leslie Stephen . Prensa de Clarendon.ISBN 978-0-19-812084-1.

Muerte
La tumba de Leslie Stephen, cementerio de Highgate

Murió en Kensington y está enterrado en la sección este del

cementerio de Highgate en la sección elevada junto al camino
norte. Su hija, Virginia Woolf, se vio muy afectada por su muerte y
fue cuidada por su hermana, Caroline. [5] Woolf en 1922 creó un
retrato psicológico detallado de él en el personaje ficticio del Sr.
Ramsay en su novela clásica, Al faro , (así como de su madre
como la Sra. Ramsay). (Ref: The Diaries and Letters of Virginia
Woolf) Su testamento está redactado: STEPHEN sir Leslie de 22
Hyde Park-gate Middlesex KCB testamento Londres 23 de marzo
a George Herbert Duckworth y Gerald de L'Etang Duckworth
esquires Effects £ 15715 6s. 6d. [19]

Árbol de familia
Para árboles genealógicos de Stephens, Thackerays y Jacksons,
véase Bicknell (1996) [20] y Bloom y Maynard (1994). [21]
 Stephen Family Tree [

Robert Wilberforce Elizabeth Bi

1728–1768 1730–179

m. (1) 1783 m. (2) 1800

James Stephen William Wilber
Anna Stent Sarah Wilberforce
1758–1832 1759–183
1758-1790 1757–1816

metro. 1836 1814

William Makepeace
Isabella Gethin Santiago Jane Cather
Thackeray
Shawe 1789–1859 Venn
1811–1863
1816–1893 1793–187

m. (1)
metro. 1877 Annie Harriet Marian Leslie
Richmond Ritchie 1837–1919 Thackeray 1832-1904
1840–1875

Laura
1870–1945

Referencias
 1. Luebering, 2006 .
2. ACAD y STFN850L .
3. Hobhouse, Hermione. "The Alexander estate páginas 168-183
encuesta de Londres: volumen 42, Kensington Square a Earl's
Court. Publicado originalmente por el Consejo del Condado de
Londres, Londres, 1986" . Historia británica en línea .
Consultado el 24 de julio de 2020 .
4. Bicknell, 1996 .
5. Lewis, Alison M (primavera de 2001). "Caroline Stephen y su
sobrina, Virginia Woolf" . REVISTA DE LA COMPAÑÍA DE
QUAKERS EN LAS ARTES (21) . Consultado el
10 de diciembre de 2015 .
6. Bloom y Maynard 1994 .
7. Biografía de las bibliotecas de Smith College de Julia Prinsep
Stephen
8. Gérin , 1981 , p. 178.
9. JFC Harrison , Una historia de la universidad de trabajadores
(1854-1954), Routledge Kegan Paul (1954)
10. "Inteligencia universitaria". The Times (36623). Londres. 27 de
noviembre de 1901. p. 6.
11. Directorio de miembros de la American Antiquarian Society
12. "Los honores de la coronación". The Times (36804). Londres.
26 de junio de 1902. p. 5.
13. "No. 27453" . The London Gazette . 11 de julio de 1902. p.
4441.
14. Frederic William Maitland, ed. (2012). The Life and Letters of
Leslie Stephen. p. 133.
15. Stephen, Leslie (2007). "An Agnostic's Apology". In Christopher
Hitchens (ed.). The Portable Atheist. Da Capo Press. p. 111.
16. Fenwick, Gillian (1993). Leslie Stephen's life in letters: a
bibliographical study. p. 125.
17. Sir Leslie Stephen (2002). Social Rights And Duties:
Addresses to Ethical Societies (Complete). Library of
Alexandria.
18. "Review: Life of Henry Fawcett by Leslie Stephen" .
Westminster Review. 125: 83–95. 1886.
19. Archives 2018.
20. Bicknell 1996, p. 1 .
21. Bloom & Maynard 1994, p. xx .
22. Bell 1972, Family Tree pp. x–xi
23. Venn 1904.

Bibliografía
Annan, Baron Noël Gilroy Annan (1984). Leslie Stephen: la victoriana sin
Dios . Casa al azar . ISBN 978-0-394-53061-1.
Bell, Alan (24 de mayo de 2012). "Stephen, Sir Leslie (1832-1904)".
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (edición en línea). Prensa de la
Universidad de Oxford. doi : 10.1093 / ref: odnb / 36271 . (Se requiere
suscripción o membresía a una biblioteca pública del Reino Unido ).

Bell, Quentin (1972). Virginia Woolf: una biografía . Harcourt Brace

Jovanovich . ISBN 978-0-15-693580-7.
Bicknell, John W, ed. (1996). Cartas seleccionadas de Leslie Stephen:
Volumen 1. 1864-1882 . Basingstoke: Macmillan .
ISBN 9781349248872.
Bicknell, John W, ed. (1996). Cartas seleccionadas de Leslie Stephen:
Volumen 2. 1882-1904 . Prensa de la Universidad Estatal de Ohio .
ISBN 978-0-8142-0691-1.
Broughton, Trev Lynn (2004). Hombres de letras, escribiendo vidas .
Routledge . ISBN 978-1-134-89156-6.
Harrison, Frederic (1908). "Sir Leslie Stephen". En: Realidades e
ideales. Londres: Macmillan & Co.
Hutton, Richard Holt (1908). "El señor Leslie Stephen y el escepticismo
de los creyentes". En: Crítica al pensamiento y pensadores
contemporáneos. Londres: Macmillan and Co.
Hyman, Virginia R. (1980). "Concealment and Disclosure in Sir Leslie
Stephen's "Mausoleum Book" ". Biography. 3 (2): 121–131.
JSTOR 23538993 .
Luebering, J. E. (21 December 2006). "Sir Leslie Stephen" .
Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
MacCarthy, Desmond (1937). Leslie Stephen: The Leslie Stephen
Lecture delivered before the University of Cambridge on 27 May 1937 .
CUP Archive.
Maitland, Frederic William (1906). The life and letters of Leslie
Stephen . London: Duckworth & Co. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
 Stephen, Leslie (1977). Bell, Alan S (ed.). Sir Leslie Stephen's
Mausoleum Book . Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-812084-1.
Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1886). Dictionary of National Biography. vol. VIII
Burton Cantwell . London: Elder, Smith & Co. (see also Dictionary of
National Biography)
Venn, John (2012) [1904 Macmillan, London]. Annals of a Clerical
Family: Being Some Account of the Family and Descendants of William
Venn, Vicar of Otterton, Devon, 1600-1621 . Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 978-1-108-04492-9. also Internet archive
Websites
Kukil, Karen V. (2011). "Leslie Stephen's Photograph Album" .
Northampton MA: Smith College.
"Julia Prinsep Stephen (1846 - 1895): wife/mother/writer/volunteer" .
Woolf, Creativity and Madness. Smith College. 22 March 2011.
Retrieved 15 December 2017. Family tree
"Stephen, Leslie (STFN850L)" . A Cambridge Alumni Database.
University of Cambridge. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
"Find a will. Index to wills and administrations (1858-1995)" . Calendars
of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration. The National
Archives. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
Virginia Woolf (1922). " Al faro "

Anne Thackeray Ritchie …

Bloom, Abigail Burnham; Maynard, John, eds. (1994). Anne Thackeray

Ritchie: Diarios y cartas . Columbus: Universidad Estatal de Ohio.
Prensa.ISBN 9780814206386.
 Gérin, Winifred (1981). Anne Thackeray Ritchie: una biografía . Oxford:
Oxford UP ISBN 9780198126645.
Garnett, Henrietta (2004). Anny: Una vida de Anny Thackeray Ritchie .
Londres: Chatto y Windus . ISBN 0-7011-7129-4.

enlaces externos

Leslie Stephen
en los proyectos hermanos de Wikipedia

Medios de
Wikimedia
Commons
Citas de
Wikiquote
Textos de
Wikisource
Datos de
Wikidata

Obras de Leslie Stephen en Project Gutenberg

Obras de Leslie Stephen o sobre ellas en Internet Archive
Obras de Leslie Stephen en LibriVox (audiolibros de dominio
público)
 Historia del pensamiento inglés en el siglo XVIII en Internet
Archive .
Obituario
Tumba

Imágenes externas …

Leslie y Harriet Stephen 1867 , en Kukil (2011)

Julia Prinsep Jackson, c.1856 , en Kukil (2011)

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