Introduction

In 1833 Pasha Muhammad Ali considered building a railway between Suez and Cairo to
improve transit between Europe and India. Muhammad Ali had proceeded to buy the rail
when the project was abandoned due to pressure by the French who had an interest in
building a canal instead

Sa'id's successor Isma'il Pasha strove to modernise Egypt and added momentum to railway
development. In 1865 a new branch reached Desouk on the Rosetta Nile and a second route
between Cairo and Talkha was opened, giving a more direct link between Cairo and Zagazig.
The following year a branch southwards from Tanta reached Shibin El Kom. The network
started to push southwards along the west side of the Nile with the opening of the line
between Imbaba near Cairo and Minya in 1867. A short branch to Faiyum was added in
1868. A line between Zagazig and Suez via Nifisha was completed in the same year. The
following year the line to Talkha was extended to Damietta on the Mediterranean coast and a
branch opened to Salhiya and Sama'ana

Development of the railway network stagnated for a decade until 1888, but in the meantime
the Egyptian Railway Administration put itself in much better order. In 1883 the ERA
appointed Frederick Harvey Trevithick, nephew of Francis Trevithick, as Chief Mechanical
Engineer. Trevithick found a heterogeneous fleet of up to 246 steam locomotives of many
different designs from very different builders in England, Scotland, France and the USA.
This lack of standardisation of locomotives or components complicated both locomotive
maintenance and general railway operation

In the north in 1891 a link line was opened between Damanhur and Desouk.[2] The line to
Shibin El Kom was extended south to Minuf in the same year and reached Ashum in 1896.
[2] By then a line across the Nile Delta from a junction north of Talkha on the line to
Damietta had reached Biyala.[2] By 1898 this reached Kafr el-Sheikh, completing a more
direct route between Damietta and Alexandria.[2] An important extension along the west
bank of the Suez Canal linking Nifisha with Ismaïlia, Al Qantarah West and Port Said was

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completed in 1904. Thereafter network expansion was slower but two short link lines north
of Cairo were completed in 1911 followed by a link between Zagazig and Zifta in 1914

The first El Ferdan Railway Bridge over the Suez Canal was completed in April 1918 for the
Palestine Military Railway. It was considered a hindrance to shipping so after the First
World War it was removed. During the Second World War a steel swing bridge was built in
1942 but this was damaged by a steamship and removed in 1947. A double swing bridge was
completed in 1954 but the 1956 Israeli invasion of Sinai severed rail traffic across the canal
for a third time. A replacement bridge was completed in 1963but destroyed in the Six-Day
War in 1967. A new double swing bridge was completed in 2001 and is the largest swing
bridge in the World

The Palestine Railways main line linked Al Qantarah East with Palestine and Lebanon. It
was built in three phases during the First and Second World Wars. Commenced in 1916, it
was extended to Rafah on the border with Palestine as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary
Force's Sinai and Palestine Campaign against the Ottoman Empire. The route was extended
through to Haifa in Mandate Palestine after World War I, to Tripoli, Lebanon in 1942 and
became a vital part of the wartime supply route for Egypt

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 Abstract

Egyption National Realways is a very important system in our contry so that it is the
subject we will talk in this report . i'll detail every thing about the train as I can and I'll

.Strat by the safty rule then the operation of motion of the train

the diesel engine which Oprate the generators and give us the motion of train

also there are some period such as cooling system and lubrication system and how the

. train stoped

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 General Shop Safety rules

Most of the hand tools and many of the power tools are in common use in most households
and are familiar to us. We should recognize that through proper practice of methods and
safety rules and common sense accidents can be avoided. The following are some additional
:shop safety rules

Do NOT use any of the machines until you have received proper instruction for that .1
.machine by your instructor

.All safety guards must be in their proper position at all times .2

.Machines must not be operated while the instructor is out of the room .3

.All tools must be removed from the machine before it is turned on .4

.Machines must come to a complete stop before adjustments are made .5

.Loose clothing must be fastened or removed .6

.Dangling jewelry must be removed .7

.Short sleeves or pulled-up long sleeve clothing is acceptable .8

.Do not distract or allow your attention to be distracted while using any of the machines .9

The floor around machines must be kept clear of scraps, shavings, or any other items that .10
.may be in the way of the operator’s feet

.Boots or shoes that fully enclosed foot must be worn (i.e., no sandals) .11

.Power must be turned off immediately after using a machine .12

.Horse-play and running is absolutely forbidden at all times .13

.No student should start or stop a machine for another student .14

.The operator must ensure that everyone is clear of the machine before turning it on .15

Only one person may operate a machine at one time. Do not crowd the person operating .16
.a machine. Stand at least 3’ away from the operator

Do not attempt any adjustments on the machines. If the machine is not set-up correctly or .17
.to your requirements, check with the instructor

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.Inform the instructor of any unsafe conditions existing in the shop .18

.Safety glasses must be worn while operating machinery and power tools .19

.Properly shielded hoods must be worn for welding operations .20

.Always use common sense .21

.Everyone entering shop area must wear safety glasses .22

.Permission should be obtained to operate machinery .23

.Never use your hands or any part of your body to break a machine to stop a stop .24

.Only one operator at a time should control a machine .25

.Loose clothing should be fastened or removed .26

.NOT work alone .27

.You must don safety glasses, cover goggles, or face shield before entering the shop .28

Shoes must be worn in the shop. No one wearing sandals will be allowed to enter any .29
shop area. The minimum Footwear must cover the entire foot.30. Do not operate any
equipment unless you are familiar with its Operation and have been authorized to operate it.
.Questions Regarding the use of equipment should be directed to the shop supervisor

No work may be performed using power tools unless at least Two people are in the shop .31
.area and can see each other

Use the shop vacuum cleaner to remove chips. Never use compressed air guns to clean .32
.clothing and hair

.Machines must be shut off and locked-out before servicing .33

.Do not wear ties, loose clothing, jewelry, gloves, etc. when operating shop equipment .34

Wear appropriate clothing for the job (i.e. do not wear short Sleeve shirts or short pants .35
.when welding)

.Do not work in the shop if you are tired, or in a hurry .36

.Never indulge in horseplay in the shop areas .37

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Bouji
There are 2 Buji down train and all the brushes Buji contains 2 wheel and useful carry
brushes and has a train collisions and shock absorbers mounted on each wheel motor electric
train

fuel tank

Fuel is stored crisis to run the drive train in this tank and this tank is made of special steel
plates, which does not react with the type of fuel used and the fuel tank contains a composite
index on his part to see how much fuel the existing tank, and also has 2 pipe are connected to
the tank. The first to pull the fuel and the second return surplus fuel after the injection

The main air tank

Is a necessary air storage tank in the braking process and
be shipped by air in this tank through the air compressor by 120 to 140 psi

Second highest mattresses

Introduction of train
.It has a box and contains batteries 8 batteries every 8-volt battery

these batteries are used in the evaluation process

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the cockpit

And used in the lead locomotive and out Mqaadin one to the other driver and assistant

the main generator

It generates electrical generator 600 volts which is which is used to feed the traction motors

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DESCRIPTION

The turbocharged diesel engines are “V” type two-cycle engines incorporating
the advantages of low weight per horsepower, positive scavenging air system,
solid unit injection and high compression

OPERATION
in a two-cycle engine each cylinder completes a power cycle in one revolution of
.the crankshaft
The piston does not function as an air pump during one crankshaft revolution as
is the case in four-cycle engine which requires two revolutions of the crankshaft
.to complete one power stroke in each cylinder
A separate means is provided in a two cycle engine to supply the needed air and
.to purge the combustion gases from the cylinder
The air from the centrifugal blower is raised to a higher pressure and likewise to
a higher temperature it is desirable to reduce the air temperature to increase its
.density before it enters the air box surrounding the cylinders
. the air temperature is reduced by passing it through the aftercoolers
thus cooled air of greater comparable weight and having more oxygen is
available to the engine

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DESCRIPTION

It is a steel fabrication forming a rigid self-supporting assembly to accommodate

the cylinder power assemblies, crankshaft, and engine mounted accessories
andholes in the side panels, provided with gasketed covers, allow inspection of
liners and pistons, cleaning of air box, and access to water manifold and oil pan
mounting bolts

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DESCEIPTION

The engine oil pan is a fabrieated steel assembly which supports the crankcase
and serves as the engine base. The engine oil sump located centrally in the oil
pan.is provided with oil drains

.A bayonet tybe oil level gauge extends from the side of the oil pan into the sump
A seavenging oil pump suction line is built into the oil pan extending from the
sump to the front end plate. Openings in each end plate allow oil from the
camshaft and accessory end housings to drain into the oil pan. Hand holes at each
cylinder location provided with gasketed covers allow access to enelosed engine
parts. Liquid accumulations from the air box are drained though common flange
for disecharge

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The cylinder head is made of east nonallow with east passages for water and
exhaust gases drilled water holes at the bottom of the cylinder head match the
water discharge holes in the liner cooling water is circulated through the head
and is discharged through an elbow mounted on the side of the head mounting
flange. Exhaust passages in the cylinder head line up with elbows in the
crankcase which conduct the exhaust gases through the water discharge manifold
to the exhaust manifold

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DESCRIPTION

The piston assembly consists of a cast iron alloy piston , four compression rings,
and two oil control rings. A “trunnion ” type piston carrier, is used with the
piston assembly to allow the piston to rotate or “float” during engine operation.
The carrier support s the piston at the internal piston platform. A thrust washer,
Fig is used between the platform and the carrier. The carrier is held in position in
the piston by a snap ring inside the piston. Oil taken up by the two oil control
rings passes through the oil holes at the bottom of the piston

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DESCRIPTION

The “trunnion type” connecting rods are interlocking, blade and frok
construction. The blade rod moves back and forth on the back of the upper
.crankpin bearing and is held in space by a counterbore in the fork rod
One end of the blade rod slipper foot is longer than the other and is known as the
long toc
The blade rods are installed in the right bankwith the long toctoward the center of
.the engine
Serrations on the sides of the rod at the bottom match similar Serrations on the
fork rod basket. The rod basket consists of two halves held together at the bottom
by three bolts and self-locking nuts. The fork rod and basket are bolted together
at the serrations. Fork rods and baskets are not interchangeable since they are line
bored as an assembly. Both the fork rod and basket are stamped with an identieal
assembly serial number for matching and identification purposes

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DESCRIPTION

The cylinder liner consists of casting having two separate water jacket applied
and brazed to the casting. Arow of air inlet ports completely encircles the liner. A
flange on the out board side of the liner below the ports. Provides a connection
for the liner water supply line. A water deflector prevents the inlet water from
.impinging directly on the inner liner wall
The inlet water circulates around the bottom on the liner. Progressing upward to
discharge into the cylinder head through tweleve drilled holes. A counterbore
around each drilled hole accommodaies a teflon heat dam and silicone water seal
which seal the water passage when the cylinder head is installed. A copper clad
steel gasket provedes a combustion seal between the cylinder head and the liner

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DESCRIPTION
The crankshaft is a drop forging of carbon steel material with induction hardened
main and crankpin journals. On 8 and 12-cylinder engines, the crankshaft is a one
piece forging. On 16 and 20-cylinder engines. The crankshaft is made up of two
sections whose flanges are boleted together counter-weight are provided to give
stable operation and all crankshafts are dynamically balanced. Drilled oil
passages provide for lubrication of the main bearing as shown in Fig
Crankshafts with bolt-on accessory drive stubnits are avaiable for 12, 16, 20-
.cylinder engines
.Refer to “accessory drive gear” for removal and installation of stubshaft

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DESCRIOTION
The engine fuel system consists of the fuel injector, the engine mounted fuel
filter, and supply and return manifolds. Component external to the engine such as
the motor driven fuel pump, fuel tank, fuel suction strainer, and connecting lined
.complete the fuel system
In operation, fuel from the fuel tank is drawn up by the fuel pump through a
suction strainer and is delivered to the engine mounted filter. It then passes
through the filter elements to the fuel manifold supply line and injector inlet filter
at each cylinder into the injector. A small portion of the fuel supplied to each
injector is pumped into the cylinder, at avery high pressure through the needle
.valve and spray tip of the injector
The quantity of fuel injected depends upon the rotative position of the pluunger
as set by the injector rack and gover non. the excess fuel not used by the injector,
.flows through the injector, scrving to lubricate and cool the working parts
The fuel leaves the injector through the return fuel filter. This filter protects the
injector in the event of a backward flow of fuel into the injector from the return
fuel line. From the return fuel filter in the injector, the excess fuel passes through
the fuel return line in the manifold to the relief valve intel of the return fuel sight
glass on the engine mounted fuel filter. This valve restricts the return fuel
maintaining a back pressure on the injector

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DESCRIPTION
The engine cooling system consists of engine driven centrifugal water pumps,
replaceable inlet water manifolds with an individual jumper line to each liner
cylinder head discharge elbows, and an outlet manifold through which cooling
water is circulated. The two centrifugal water pumps (one on 8-cyl) are mounted
on the accessory drive housing and are driven by the governor drive gear. A
repesentative illustration of the engine cooling system is shown in engine water
ia also circulated through each aftercooler located in the turbochargerair
.discharge duct, to cool the air before it enters the engine air box
The engine discharge water flows through an external cooling system to dissipate
the heat taken up in engine .the engine this system consists of a water tank. Water
level gauges, temperture gauges, radiators, and connecting piping

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DESCRIPTION

The blower consists of a pair of helical three-lobed rotors, which revolve in a

close fitting alminum housing. This design, ensures a large volume of air at low
pressure, proportional to engine speed. A cross-section view of the blower is
shown in Fig. two blowers are used on 12 and 16-cylinder engines and one on 8-
.cylinder engines
Each rotor is pressed on a tubular steel shaft. The engine end of these shafts are
journals supported in the rear end plate bearings. The front, or gear ends of the
shafts, are serrated. Flanged hubs having serrated bores are pressed onto the
serrated tubular shaft ends and serve as bearing journals and drive flanges for a
matched pair of helical rolor geats. thrust bearings are included in the front end
.bearing

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