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Lecture 04
Topics Addressed
Design Cases
References
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Objectives
The T or L Beam gets its name when the slab and beam produce
the cross sections having the typical T and L shapes in a monolithic
reinforced concrete construction.
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a b a
a b a
a b a
Compression
Tension
Tension Compression
As shown, the slab becomes the compression flange, while the supporting
beam becomes the web or stem.
Flange
Compression
Tension
Web
Section a-a
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Tension
Compression
Section b-b
Web or Stem
sw
bw
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T - Beam
1 bw + 16hf
sw sw
2 bw + sw
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Design Cases
In designing a T-Beam for positive bending moment, there exists two
conditions:
Case 1. The depth of the compression block may be less than or equal to
the slab depth i.e. flange thickness (a ≤ hf)
bf
a hf
d N.A
As
bw
Design Cases
Case 2. The compression block cover the flange and extend into the web (a ˃ hf)
(bf - bw)/2
bf
hf
a
d N.A
Ast
bw
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Flexural Capacity
Case 1. When a ≤ hf
bf
a hf
d N.A
As
bw
Flexural Capacity
bf εc 0.85fc ′
a/2
(∑Fx = 0) a hf a C
N.A
0.85fc′ abf = Asfy d la = (d - a/2)
a = Asfy/ 0.85fc′ bf As
εs
T
(∑M = 0) bw
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Example 01
The roof of a hall has a 5″ thick slab with beams having 30 feet. c/c and
28.5 feet clear length. The beams are having 9 feet clear spacing and
have been cast monolithically with slab. Overall depth of beam (including
slab thickness) being 24 in. and width of beam web being 14 in. Calculate
the steel reinforcement area for the simply supported beam against a
total factored load (including self weight of beam) of 3 k/ft. Use fc′ = 3 ksi
and fy = 60 ksi.
Solution:
Span length (lc/c) = 30′ ; clear length (ln) = 28.5′
W u = 3 k/ft
Therefore, bf = 94″
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Solution:
Check if the beam behaviour is T or rectangular.
Trial # 01
Let a = hf = 5″
Trial # 02
Solution:
Trial # 03
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Solution:
Check for maximum and minimum reinforcement allowed by ACI:
Asmin = 3 ( fc′/ fy) bwd ≥ (200/fy) bwd ; (Greater of these two for fy ≤ 80 ksi)
Asmax = 0.27 (fc′ / fy) bwd = 0.27 x (3/60) x 14 × 21.5 = 4.06 in2
Drafting
bf = 94″
5″
24″
(3+2),#8 bars
bw =14″
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1764 ′′ K 1764 ′′ K
bf bf bf
hf hf
a a
d d d N.A
= +
Ast Asf As
bw bw
bw
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Flexural Capacity bf
hf/2
ΦMn1 Calculation: hf C1
N.A
From stress diagram d l1 = d - hf/2
T1 = C1 Asf
T1
C1 = 0.85 fc′ (bf - bw)hf bw
ΦMn1
T1 = Asf fy
As fy = 0.85fc′ abw
ΦMn2 = T2 x l2 = Φ As fy (d – a/2)
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Example 02
Solution:
Span length (lc/c) = 25.5′ ; clear length (ln) = 24′
d = 21.5″; bw = 12″; hf = 3″
bw + sw = 12 + 3 × 12 = 48″
Therefore, bf = 48″
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Solution:
Check if the beam behaviour is T or rectangular.
Let a = hf = 3″
Solution:
Design:
Calculate Asf
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Solution:
Design:
Solution:
Ductility requirements, Asmin ≤ (Ast = As + Asf) ≤ Astmax (True T-Beam)
Astmax (True T- Beam) = Asmax (singly) + Asf = 3.48 + 4.59 = 8.07 in2
Asmin (0.8) < Ast(provided) (7.2) < Astmax (True T- Beam) (8.07) , O.K.
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Drafting:
bf =48″
3″
d=19.125″
(3+3+3),#8 bars
bw =12″
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References
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