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EXPERT PROFICIENT APPRENTICE NOVICE

INTEGRATION The paper exhibits the The paper exhibits, at The paper exhibits The paper does not
OF author’s mastery of the some parts, the that the author, at exhibit the author’s
KNOWLEDGE learned concepts in the author’s mastery of certain point, understanding and
course. the learned concepts understands and doesn’t apply any
The author’s in the course. Some applied concepts in concepts learned in the
understanding is of the conclusions are the learned course. course.
incorporated with the not underwritten in
concepts. the body of the
The writer gives a final paper.
analysis and synthesis of
ideas at the concluding
statement.
TOPIC FOCUS The topic is concentrated The topic is The topic has a wide The topic is not well-
to the scope of the concentrated but it range for the scope defined.
assignment. lacks direction. The of the assignment.
paper is centered to a
specific topic but the
author does not
established a
position.
DEPTH OF In all portions of the In most portions of The author has Brief discussion found
DISCUSSION paper, there is a the paper, there is an ignored relevant only in few portions of
thorough discussion and in-depth discussion content. The other’s the paper.
explanation. and explanation. quotations
overshadow the
author’s viewpoints.
COHESIVENESS Connects all the facts For the most part of Sometimes, the facts Does not bind the facts
from all sources. The the paper, the facts are linked together together. Headings are
paper drifts from one are linked together from all sources. The needed to understand
issue to the next clearly from all sources. paper does not flow the relationship of the
even without headings. There are some smoothly; the concepts. The paper
The knowledge of the incoherence in the incoherence is does not flow
relationship between the flow of the paper. The obvious. The smoothly. The author’s
materials obtained from knowledge of the author’s writing writing does not show
all sources is visible in the relationship between does not show unity unity of any
author’s writing. the materials of any relationships relationships of all
obtained from all of all sources. sources.
sources is visible in
the author’s writing.
SPELLING AND There is no mistake in There are minimal There are noticeable Uncountable mistakes
GRAMMAR spelling and/or grammar. mistakes in spelling mistakes in spelling in spelling and/or
and/or grammar. and/or grammar. grammar.
SOURCES Above 5 current sources, 5 current sources, of Less than 5 current Less than 5 current
of which 3 are legit which 2 are legit sources or fewer sources or fewer than 2
journal articles or journal articles or than 2 of 5 are of 5 are journal articles
scholarly books. Sources scholarly books. All journal articles or or scholarly books. Not
include both of the web sites used are scholarly books. All all sources are credible
general background and reliable. web sites utilized are or current.
specialized sources. The reliable.
sources are correctly
cited and acknowledged.
The used websites are
reliable.
CITATIONS The data from all sources Most of the data Some of the data The paper does not cite
are cited. In both text obtained from other obtained from other any sources.
and bibliography, the sources are cited. In sources are cited.
APA citation style is used. both text and The citation style is
bibliography, the APA incorrect and
citation style is used. uneven.

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