Design of Flat Slab Using Equivalent Frame Method

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING STREAM
DESIGN OF FLAT
SLAB USING
EQUIVALENT FRAME
METHOD
GROUP MEMBERS
1. AMANUEL LEMI PRAMIT/2239/09

2. KEBEDE BEDADA PRAMIT/2113/09
3. KUMERA DAKA PRAMIT/2119/09
4. THITINA DEMELASH PRAMIT/2193/09
8/22/2017
ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY-CONCRETE STRUCTURES PROJECT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This project covers the design of a five story office building using Equivalent Frame Method. The
plan and elevation views of a five-story office building are shown below. The lateral-load
resisting system consists of columns and floor slab. The following design data have been
provided.
 Unfactored gravity loads:
Roof: LL = 1 kN/m2
Floors: LL = 3kN/m2, DL = 2kN/m2 (partitions and ceiling)
 The slab thickness is 250 mm,
 Spandrel beams are 300 mm x 500 mm,
 Columns are 400 mm x 400 mm.
 Concrete C-25 and steel Fe = 400 MPa.
DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

CHAPTER TWO
LOADING
For gravity loading analysis the ACI code allows analysis of the entire frame extending over the
height of the building or each floor can be considered separately with the floor ends of the
columns being fixed. In this paper the analysis of the equivalent frame method is illustrated
separately for three floor levels. i.e.
 For the floor at level 1

 For the floor at level 2,3 and 4 (typical)
 For the floor at level 5 (roof level)
1.1 Interior Frame
1. Interior Frame for floor at bottom and medium story
 Self-weight of slab: WDL, sb = 25*0.250m*7.2m=45.0kN/m

 Partition and ceiling: = 2 kN/m2 *7.2m =14.4kN/m
Total dead load: WDL= 45.0+14.4=59.4kN/m
 Live load: WLL = 3 kN/m2 *7.2m = 21.6kN/m
WLL 21.6
  0.364  0.75
WDL 59.4
Therefore use only loading pattern (1) shown on figure 20-9 of ACI 13.7.6 with full factored live
load on full span.
Factored Load:
WDL=1.2*59.4KN/m=71.28KN/m
WLL=1.6*21.6KN/m=34.56KN/m

2. Interior Frame for floor at roof level

Self-weight of slab: WDL,sb = 25KN/m3*0.250m*7.2m=45.0kN/m
Live load: WLL = 1kN/m2*7.2m = 7.2kN/m
WLL 7.2
  0.16  0.75
WDL 45
load on full span.
Factored Load:
WDL=1.2*45KN/m=54KN/m
WLL=1.6*7.2KN/m=11.52KN/m
1.2 Exterior Frame
3.6m
1. Exterior Frame at bottom and medium story

 Self-weight of slab: WDL,sb = 25KN/m3*0.25m*3.6m=22.5kN/m
 Partition and ceiling: = 2KN/m2*3.6=7.2kN/m
Total dead load: WDL= 22.5+7.2=29.7kN/m
 Live load: WLL = 3*3.6 =10.8kN/m
WLL 10.8
  0.364  0.75
WDL 29.5
load on full span.
Factored Load:
WDL=1.2*29.7KN/m=35.64KN/m
WLL=1.6*10.8KN/m=17.28KN/m

2. Exterior Frame at roof level

 Self-weight of slab: WDL, sb = 25KN/m3*0.250m*3.6m=22.5kN/m
Total Dead load=22.5KN/m
 Live load: WLL = 1 kN/m2 *3.6m = 3.6kN/m
WLL 3.6
  0.16  0.75
WDL 22.5
load on full span.
Factored Load:
WDL=1.2*22.5KN/m=27KN/m
WLL=1.6*3.6KN/m=5.76KN/m

CHAPTER THREE
3. INTERIOR FRAME(N-S DIRECTION)
3.1 Interior panel on story-I
The interior panel has a slab section with panel width 7.2m. The frame for this panel has the
following properties.
 Slab-Beam
Since there is no beam in the direction of the panel only the slab section is considered. So, the
moment of inertia of the slab beam at a section outside of the joint is based on slab gross section.
7200* 2503
Isb   9375*106 mm 4
12
The moment of inertia for part of the slab from center of column to the face of column is increased
by multiplying by 1 over the column width. {ACI 318-2014, 8.11.3.1}
2
 c2 
1  
 l2 
Isb 9375*106 mm4
Then it becomes 2
 2
 1051.01*106 mm4
 c2   400 
1   1  
 l2   7200 
Asb 7200mm * 250mm
A 3
 3
 2,136, 698.55mm2
 c2   400 
1   1  
 l2   7200 

 Attached Torsional Member

Exterior
The value of C is computed by dividing the cross section of a torsional member into separate
rectangular parts and summing the C values for the component rectangles. Subdivide the cross
section in a manner that results in the largest possible value of C.
 x  x3 y
C   1  0.63 
Where  y 3
 For Case-I
 25  253 *30  25  253 *55
C  1  0.63*   1  0.63* 
 30  3  55  3
C  204, 427.081cm 4
 For Case-II
 30  303 *50  25  253 *25
C  1  0.63*   1  0.63* 
 50  3  25  3
C  328, 077.08cm 4
Therefore, take C=328,077.08cm4
Interior
 x  x3 y
C   1  0.63 
 y 3
 25  253 * 40
C  1  0.63* 
 40  3
C  126,302.08cm 4

 
 
 9 EcsC  Isb
The stiffness of the torsional member can be computed using Kt   {ACI
318-2014, R8.11.5}   c 2   Is
3
 l 2  1   
  l2  
 For Exterior torsional members

 
 
2*9 E *328, 077.08 
Kt    9736.38 E
  40  
3
 720 1   
  720  
 For Interior torsional members
 
 
 2*9 E *126,302.08 
Kt   3748.18E
  40  
3
 720 1   
  720  
JG Use: L=10cm for torsional members and υ=0.2

But Kt 
L
LKt E E
J  G   0.417 E
G 2(1  ) 2(1  0.2)
 For Exterior torsional members

10*9736.38 E
J  233, 486.33cm 4
0.417 E
 For Interior torsional members

10*3748.18 E
J  89,884.41cm 4
0.417 E

 Column
 Bottom Exterior column
Parts of rigid offset:
Beam depth-half of slab depth=500mm-250mm/2=375mm=37.5cm
 Top Exterior column

 Top Interior Column

- Beam depth-half of slab depth=500mm-250mm/2=375mm=37.5cm
- Half of slab depth=250mm/2=125mm=12.5cm
 Bottom interior column

3.2 Interior Frame for the Floor at Story 2, 3 And 4 (Typical)

Properties of critical elements
The properties of slab beam element are the same as the first floor.
 Slab beam elements over the column width
Asb =1.8*106mm2 Asb = 2,136,698.55mm2

Isb = 9375*106 mm4 Isb = 1051*106mm4
 Attached Torsional Members

The properties of attached torsional element are the same as the properties of torsional members
in the first floor.
Exterior Interior
C=328,077.08 cm4 C=126,302.08cm4
Kt= 9736.38E Kt=3748.18E
J= 233,486.33 cm4 J=89,804cm4
 Columns
Interior Column


Exterior Column
3.3 Interior Frame for the Floor at Roof Level

The properties of slab beam element are the same as the first floor.
 Slab beam elements over the column width
Asb =1.8*106mm2 Asb = 2,136,698.55mm2

Isb = 9375*106 mm4 Isb = 1051*106mm4

in the first floor.
Exterior Interior
C=328,077.08 cm4 C=126,302.08cm4
Kt= 9736.38E Kt=3748.18E
J= 233,486.33 cm4 J=89,804cm4

 Columns
Interior Column

Exterior Column

CHAPTER FOUR
4. EXTERIOR FRAME(N-S DIRECTION)
4.1 Exterior panel on story-I

The properties of the critical components are computed as follow:
 Slab beam:
Asb  380* 25  25*30  10, 250cm2

 bwh3 
Isb  Ct  
 12 
3(1  B) 2 B(A  1)
3
Ct=1+(A-1)B +
1  B(A  1)
b 380 hf 25
Where A   12.67 and B   0.5
bw 30 h 50
3(1  0.5) 2 *0.5(12.67  1)
Ct=1+(12.67-1)0.53 +  3.098
1  0.5(12.67  1)
 bwh3   30*503 
Isb  Ct    3.908    968,125cm
4
 12   12 

Over the column width
Asb 10, 250cm2

A 3
 3
 14,594.24cm2
 c2   40 
1   1  
 l2   360 
Isb 968,125cm4
I 2
 2
 1, 225, 283.2cm4
 c2   40 
1   1  
 l2   360 

in the first floor.
Exterior Interior
C=328,077.08 cm4 C=126,302.08cm4
Kt= 9736.38E Kt=3748.18E
J= 233,486.33 cm4 J=89,804cm4
 Column
Top Exterior column Bottom Exterior column

4.2 Exterior Frame for the Floor at Story 2, 3 And 4 (Typical)

 Slab beam
Slab beam elements over the column width

2
Asb = 10,250cm Asb = 14,594.24cm2
Isb = 968,125cm4 Isb = 1,225,283.2cm4
in the first floor.
Exterior Interior
C=328,077.08 cm4 C=126,302.08cm4
Kt= 9736.38E Kt=3748.18E
J= 233,486.33 cm4 J=89,804cm4
 Column

4.3 Exterior Frame for the Floor at Roof Level

 Slab beam
Slab beam elements over the column width

2
Asb = 10,250cm Asb = 14,594.24cm2
Isb = 968,125cm4 Isb = 1,225,283.2cm4
in the first floor.
Exterior Interior
C=328,077.08 cm4 C=126,302.08cm4
Kt= 9736.38E Kt=3748.18E
J= 233,486.33 cm4 J=89,804cm4
 Column

CHAPTER FIVE
5. DESIGN MOMENTS
Equivalent frame for Ground floor Equivalent frame for story at 2,3&4(typical)
Equivalent Frame for Roof Floor
Fig. Designation of Axis for the given slab system

 Exterior Frame for the floor at Roof Level
Fig. Moment diagram for exterior frame at Roof level
Fig. Shear diagram for exterior frame at Roof level

160.28  403.73
End Spans: 245.3   527.31KNm
2
370.32  370.32
Interior Spans: 151.9   522.22 KNm
2
To illustrate proper procedure, the exterior span factored moments may be reduced as follows
522.22
Permissible Re duction   0.99
527.31
Adjusted exterior negative design moment 527.31*0.99=522.04KNm
Adjusted interior negative design moment: 527.31*0.99=522.04KNm
Adjusted positive design moment: 522.22*0.99=517KNm

522.04  522.04
 517   1039 KNm
2
L1  6m
L 2  3.8m
EcbIb 312,500cm 4
f    0.32
EcsIs 968125cm 4
L2
 0.63
L1
L2
 f *  0.32*0.63  0.202
L1
From ACI code section 13.6.4 the value of αf*𝑙2/𝑙1 is between 0 and 1, linear interpolation must
be made for the interior negative and positive moments.
Distribution Of Design Moments Across Slab-Beam Strip
Factored Column Strip Moment in

Moment(KNm) Percent Moment(KNm) two half
middle strip
End Span Exterior –Ve 522.04 100 522.04 0
Positive 517 68.46 353.94 163.06
Interior -Ve 522.04 74.86 390.8 131.24
Interior Span-I Left –Ve 522.04 74.86 390.8 131.24
Positive 517 68.46 353.94 163.06
Right -Ve 522.04 74.86 390.8 131.24
Moment Resisted By the Beam in the Column Strip

middle strip
End Span Exterior –Ve 522.04 37.35 194.98 327.06
Positive 353.94 37.35 132.2 221.54
Interior -Ve 390.8 37.35 146 244.98
Interior Span-I Left –Ve 390.8 37.35 146 244.98
Positive 353.94 37.35 132.2 221.54
Right -Ve 390.8 37.35 146 244.98
 Interior Frame for the floor at Roof Level

Positive and negative factored moments for the slab system in the direction of analysis are sniped
out from sap analysis output. The negative design moments are taken at the faces of rectilinear
supports but not at distances greater than 0.175l1 from the centers of supports.
40𝑐𝑚/2=20𝑐𝑚 < 0.175×600𝑐𝑚 =105𝑐𝑚 → Use face of the support

Fig. Moment diagram for interior frame at Roof level
Fig. Shear diagram for interior frame at Roof level

213.81  816.65
End Spans: 549.06   1064.29 KNm
2
Interior Spans: 765.1  765.1
277.91   1043.01KNm
2
1043.01
1064.29
Adjusted negative design moment (left): 213.81*0.98=209.53KNm
Adjusted negative design moment (right): 816.65*0.98=800.32KNm
Adjusted positive design moment: 549.06*0.98=539.08KNm

209.53  800.32
 539.08   1044.01KNm
2

Distribution of Design Moments across Slab-Beam Strip
The negative and positive factored moments at critical sections may be distributed to the column
strip and the two half-middle strips of the slab-beam according to the ACI code proportions
specified in 13.6.4and 13.6.6.

middle strip
Positive 539.08 60 323.45 215.63
Interior -Ve 800.32 75 600.24 200.08
Interior Span-I Left –Ve 209.53 75 157.15 52.38
Positive 539.08 60 323.45 215.63
Right -Ve 800.32 75 600.24 200.08
 Interior Frame For The Floor At Story 2,3 And 4 (Typical)
Fig. Moment diagram for interior frame at middle story
Fig. Shear diagram for interior frame at middle story

357.23  950.1
End Spans: 586.18   1239.85 KNm
2
873.65  873.65
2
1224.46
1239.85

937.75  352.58
 578.56   1223.73KNm
2

middle strip
Positive 578.56 60 347.14 231.42
Interior -Ve 937.75 75 703.31 234.44
Positive 578.56 60 347.14 231.42
Right -Ve 937.75 75 703.31 234.44
 Exterior Frame For The Floor At Story 2,3 And 4 (Typical)

Fig. Moment diagram for exterior frame at middle story
Fig. Shear diagram for exterior frame at middle story
End Spans: 100.16  200.33  200.33  300.49 KNm

2
Interior Spans:100.16  200.33  200.33  300.49 KNm
2
300.49
Permissible Re duction  1
300.49
Adjusted exterior negative design moment: 300.49*1=300.49KNm
Adjusted interior negative design moment: 300.49*1=300.49KNm
Adjusted positive design moment: 100.16*1=100.16KNm
300.49  300.49
 100.16   400.65 KNm
2
L1  6m
L 2  3.8m
EcbIb 312,500cm 4
f    0.32
EcsIs 968125cm 4
L2
 0.63
L1
L2
 f *  0.32*0.63  0.202
L1


middle strip
Positive 100.16 68.46 68.57 31.59
Interior -Ve 300.49 74.86 225 75.49
Positive 100.16 68.46 68.57 31.59
Right -Ve 300.49 74.86 225 75.49

middle strip
Positive 100.16 37.35 37.41 62.75
Interior -Ve 300.49 37.35 112.23 188.26
Positive 100.16 37.35 37.41 62.75
Right -Ve 300.49 37.35 112.23 188.26
 Interior Frame for the Floor at Story-1
Fig. Moment diagram for interior frame at story-I

Fig. Shear diagram for interior frame at story-I
357.23  950.1
End Spans: 586.18   1239.8 KNm
2
873.65  873.65
2
1224.26
1239.8
352.75  937.75
 578.56   1223.81KNm
2


middle strip
Positive 578.56 60 347.14 231.42
Interior -Ve 937.75 75 703.31 234.44
Positive 578.56 60 347.14 231.42
Right -Ve 937.75 75 703.31 234.44
 Exterior Frame for the Floor at Story-1
Fig. Moment diagram for exterior frame at story-I
Fig. Shear diagram for exterior frame at story-I

200.33  200.33
End Spans: 100.16   300.49 KNm
2
Interior Spans:100.16  200.33  200.33  300.49 KNm
2
300.49
Permissible Re duction  1
300.49
Adjusted exterior negative design moment: 300.49*1=300.49KNm
Adjusted interior negative design moment: 300.49*1=300.49KNm
Adjusted positive design moment: 100.16*1=100.16KNm
300.49  300.49
 100.16   400.65 KNm
2
L1  6m
L 2  3.8m
EcbIb 312,500cm 4
f    0.32
EcsIs 968125cm 4
L2
 0.63
L1
L2
 f *  0.32*0.63  0.202
L1

middle strip
Positive 100.16 68.46 68.57 31.59
Interior -Ve 300.49 74.86 225 75.49
Positive 100.16 68.46 68.57 31.59
Right -Ve 300.49 74.86 225 75.49


middle strip
Positive 100.16 37.35 37.41 62.75
Interior -Ve 300.49 37.35 112.23 188.26
Positive 100.16 37.35 37.41 62.75
Right -Ve 300.49 37.35 112.23 188.26

CHAPTER SIX
6. ELEMENT DESIGN
6.1 SLAB DESIGN
 Interior Panel
Column strip (negative)
Shear strength of slab
Investigation for wide-beam action is made on a 7.2m. Wide strip at a distance d from the face of
support in the long direction
Case-1 take the strip in the vertical direction
l1 C1
P   d1
2 2
7.2 0.4
P   0.229
2 2
P  3.171m
Vu  WuP1
2
Vu  105.84*0.5*3.171*6
Vu  2013.71KN
Case-2 take the horizontal strip
l2 C2
P   d2
2 2
6 0.4
P   0.229
2 2
P  2.571m
Vu  WuP 2
2
Vu  52.92*0.5* 2.571*7.2
Vu  979.61KN
Vc  2 fcbwd
Since there are no shear forces at the centerline of adjacent
Vc  2 25 *7.2*0.229
panels, the shear strength in two-way action at d/2 distance
Vc  16488KN
around a support is computed as follows:
Vc  0.75*16488KN  12366 KN  Vu

𝑉𝑢=105.84∗(7.2∗6−0.2292)=4566.75𝑘𝑁
Vc=4√fcbod=4√25MPa(4∗629)∗(229mm)=11,523𝑘𝑁
ǿVc = 0.75*11,523kN = 8,642kN > Vu
Therefore, preliminary design indicates that a 25cm slab is adequate for control of
deflection and shear strength
Check slab flexural and shear strength at exterior column
Total flexural reinforcement required for design strip

Determine reinforcement required for column strip moment Mu = 357.23kNm
Assume tension-controlled section (φ=0.9)
Column strip width b = 7.2/2 = 3.6m
Assume ǿ12mm, then effective depth d = total depth – cover -ǿ/2 =25 – 15 – 6 = 22.9 cm
Reinforcement for roof floor at Column strip
Frame Moment Location M(KNm) b(mm) ᵨ As,calc As,min

No. of
bar As,prov Smax Scalc Sprov
Span AB & CD 194.98 3600 0.00316 2604.61 1030.5 24 2604.61 350 435 350
Exterior Span BC 132.2 3600 0.00211 1736.88 1030.5 16 1736.88 350 652 350
Frame Intrior Span 146 3600 0.00234 1925.06 1030.5 18 1925.06 350 588 350
Span AB & CD 209.53 7200 0.00166 2733.66 2061 25 2733.66 350 828 350
Interior Span BC 323.45 7200 0.0026 4282.45 2061 38 4282.45 350 529 350
Frame Intrior Span 600.24 7200 0.00501 8261.59 2061 74 8261.59 350 274 274
Reinforcement for roof floor at Middle strip
Frame Moment Location M(KNm) b ᵨ No. of

As,calc As,min bar As,prov Smax Scalc Sprov
Span AB & CD 327.06 3600 0.00551 4538.38 1030.5 21 4538.38 350 250 250
Exterior Span BC 221.54 3600 0.00362 2981.07 1030.5 24 2981.07 350 380 350
Frame Intrior Span 244.98 3600 0.00403 3318.23 1030.5 23 3318.23 350 341 341
Span AB & CD 52.38 7200 0.00041 670.344 2061 19 2061 350 1098 350
Interior Span BC 215.65 7200 0.00171 2815.68 2061 22 2815.68 350 804 350
Reinforcement for Interior storys at Middle strip
Frame Moment Location M(KNm) b ᵨ As,calc As,min

No. of
Span AB & CD 88.14 3600 0.00139 1145.14 1030.5 11 1145.14 350 988 350
Exterior Span BC 231.42 3600 0.00379 3122.61 1030.5 21 3122.61 350 363 350

Span AB & CD 75.49 7200 0.00059 968.772 2061 19 2061 350 1098 350
Interior Span BC 31.59 7200 0.00024 403.284 2061 19 2061 350 1098 350
Frame Intrior Span 75.49 7200 0.00059 968.772 2061 19 2061 350 1098 350
Reinforcement for Interior storys at Column strip

Span AB & CD 352.58 3600 0.00598 4931.36 1030.5 22 4931.36 350 230 230
Exterior Span BC 347.14 3600 0.00588 4847.01 1030.5 26 4847.01 350 234 234
Span AB & CD 300.49 7200 0.00241 3966.47 2061 30 3966.47 350 571 350
Interior Span BC 68.57 7200 0.00053 879.237 2061 19 2061 350 1098 350
Frame Intrior Span 225 7200 0.00178 2941.24 2061 27 2941.24 350 769 350
Reinforcement for Ground story at Middle strip
Frame Moment Location M(KNm) b ᵨ As,calc As,min

No. of
Span AB & CD 300.49 3600 0.00502 4136.34 1030.5 37 4136.34 350 274 274
Exterior Span BC 68.57 3600 0.00108 886.579 1030.5 10 1030.5 350 1098 350
Frame Intrior Span 225 3600 0.00368 3030.54 1030.5 27 3030.54 350 374 350
Span AB & CD 88.19 7200 0.00069 1133.48 2061 19 2061 350 1098 350
Interior Span BC 231.42 7200 0.00184 3027.64 2061 27 3027.64 350 748 350
Reinforcement for Ground story at Column strip

Span AB & CD 75.49 3600 0.00119 977.716 1030.5 10 1030.5 350 1098 350
Exterior Span BC 31.59 3600 0.00049 404.801 1030.5 10 1030.5 350 1098 350
Span AB & CD 352.75 7200 0.00284 4688.59 2061 22 4688.59 350 483 350
Interior Span BC 347.14 7200 0.0028 4610.57 2061 24 4610.57 350 491 350

COLUMN DESIGN
For interior column between axis-2 and axis-B
Column B-2 – Ground Floor Column

Material Properties
Concrete
C – 25 equivalent of f’c = 3617 psi; for convenience of using ACI design charts f’c = 4000 psi
Reinforcement Bar
S – 400 equivalent of fy ≈ 60 ksi
Section Properties
b = 400 mm (15.75 in.), h = 400 mm (15.75 in.)
Acting forces
Pn = 2637.84 KN (591.56 kip)
My = 11.80 KNm (8.68 kip-ft.)
Mx = 10.08 KNm (7.42 kip-ft.)
lx/ly = 15.75/15.75 = 1 < 2
The column will be designed by the equivalent eccentricity method
γ = (15.75 – 2*1.61) / 15.75 = 0.8
ex = Muy/Pu = 8.68*12/591.56 = 0.18 in.
ey = Mux/Pu = 7.42*12/591.56 = 0.15 in.
ex/ lx ≥ ey/ ly
Pu/(f’c*Ag) = 591.56/ (4 * 15.752) = 0.6 > 0.4
→ α = (1.3 – Pu/(f’c*Ag))(fy + 40,000)/100,000
= (1.3 – 0.6) (40,000 + 40,000)/100,000
α = 0.56
eox = ex + αeylx/ly
= 0.18 + (0.56*0.15*15.75/15.75) = 0.264 in.
The equivalent uniaxial moment is
Moy = Pu*eox
= 591.56 * 0.26 = 156.17 Kip-in.
Because the column has biaxial bending, bars in four faces is selected. The interaction diagrams
is entered with
Pu/Ag = 591.56/15.752 = 2.38 ksi
And
Moy/Agh = 156.17/ (15.753) = 0.04 ksi
From the interaction diagrams
for γ = 0.75, ρg = 0.020
for γ = 0.90, ρg = 0.020
By linear interpolation, ρg =0.020 for γ = 0.8
Ast = ρg* Ag = 0.020*15.752 = 4.96in.2 = 3199.99 mm2
Use 16 Φ 16mm bars, five in each face.
Lap Splices
From the interaction diagrams the stress in the bars for Pu/Ag = 2.38 and Moy/Agh = 0.039 is a
compressive stress. From ACI Code section 12.17.2.1 the splice shall be a compression lap
splice. The splice length according to ACI Code section 12.16.1, shall be

ld = (0.0005fy*dp = (0.0005*60,000*1 = 30 in. ≈ 770 mm.

Ties
The shear force induced on the columns is very small compared to the concrete shear strength
and so will not be checked for shear. From ACI Code Section 7.10.5.1 No.3 ties (Φ10 mm) are
the smallest allowed. The required spacing is the smallest of the following quantities:
16 longitudinal bar diameters = 16 * 16 mm = 256 mm
48 tie diameter = 48 * 10mm = 480 mm
Least dimension of column = 400 mm

For ease of placement use Φ 10 mm c/c 250 mm.
Column B-2 – First Floor Column

Acting forces
Pn = 1906.51 KN (427.55 kip)
My = 11.80 KNm (8.68 kip-ft.)
Mx = 10.08 KNm (7.42 kip-ft.)
lx/ly = 15.75/15.75 = 1 < 2
γ = (15.75 – 2*1.61) / 15.75 = 0.8
ex = Muy/Pu = 8.68*12/427.55 = 0.24 in.
ey = Mux/Pu = 7.42*12/427.55 = 0.21 in.
ex/ lx ≥ ey/ ly
Pu/(f’c*Ag) = 427.55/ (4 * 15.752) = 0.43 > 0.4
→ α = (1.3 – Pu/(f’c*Ag))(fy + 40,000)/100,000
= (1.3 – 0.43) (40,000 + 40,000)/100,000
α = 0.70
= 0.24 + (0.70*0.21*15.75/15.75) = 0.387 in.
Moy = Pu*eox
= 427.55 * 0.387 = 165.46 Kip-in.
is entered with
Pu/Ag = 427.55/15.752 = 1.72 ksi
and
Moy/Agh = 165.46/ (15.753) = 0.042 ksi
for γ = 0.75, ρg = 0.01 (falls outside the minimum)
Since the ratio falls outside the minimum, the minimum is selected ρg =0.01
Ast = ρg* Ag = 0.010*15.752 = 2.48in.2 = 1600 mm2
Use 12 Φ 14mm bars, four in each face.

Lap Splices
ld = (0.0005fy*dp = (0.0005*60,000*1 = 30 in. ≈ 770 mm.
Ties
From ACI Code Section 7.10.5.1 No.3 ties (Φ10 mm) are the smallest allowed. The required
spacing is the smallest of the following quantities:
Column B-2 – Second Floor Column

Acting forces
Pn = 3394.86 KN (264.66 kip)
My = 11.80 KNm (8.68 kip-ft.)
Mx = 10.08 KNm (7.42 kip-ft.)

lx/ly = 15.75/15.75 = 1 < 2
γ = (15.75 – 2*1.61) / 15.75 = 0.8
ex = Muy/Pu = 8.68*12/264.66 = 0.39 in.
ey = Mux/Pu = 7.42*12/264.66 = 0.34 in.
ex/ lx ≥ ey/ ly
Pu/(f’c*Ag) = 264.66/ (4 * 15.752) = 0.27 < 0.4
→ α = (0.5 + Pu/(f’c*Ag))(fy + 40,000)/100,000
= (0.5 + 0.27) (40,000 + 40,000)/100,000
α = 0.62
= 0.39 + (0.62*0.34*15.75/15.75) = 0.60 in.
Moy = Pu*eox
= 264.66 * 0.60 = 158.8 Kip-in.
is entered with
Pu/Ag = 264.66/15.752 = 1.07 ksi
and
Moy/Agh = 158.8/ (15.753) = 0.041 ksi
Ast = ρg* Ag = 0.010*15.752 = 2.48in.2 = 1600 mm2

Use 12 Φ 14mm bars, four in each face.

Lap Splices
ld = (0.0005fy*dp = (0.0005*60,000*1 = 30 in. ≈ 770 mm.
Ties
 Edge Column Design

Column A-2 – Ground Floor
Section Properties
b = 400 mm (15.75 in.), h = 400 mm (15.75 in.)
Acting forces
Pn = 1405.45 KN (315.19 kip)
My = 74.57 KNm (54.88 kip-ft.)
Mx = 8.57 KNm (6.31 kip-ft.)
lx/ly = 15.75/15.75 = 1 < 2
γ = (15.75 – 2*1.61) * 15.75 = 0.8
ex = Muy/Pu = 54.88*12/315.19 = 2.09 in.

ey = Mux/Pu = 6.31*12/315.19 = 0.24 in.
ex/ lx ≥ ey/ ly
Pu/(f’c*Ag) = 315.19/ (4 * 15.752) = 0.32 < 0.4
→ α = (0.5 + Pu/(f’c*Ag))(fy + 40,000)/100,000
= (0.5 + 0.32) (40,000 + 40,000)/100,000
α = 0.66
= 2.09 + (0.66*0.24*15.75/15.75) = 2.25 in.
Moy = Pu*eox
= 315.19 * 2.25 = 709.18 Kip-in.
is entered with
Pu/Ag = 315.19/ (15.75)2 = 1.27 ksi
and
Moy/Agh = 709.18/ (15.753) = 0.18 ksi


Ast = ρg* Ag = 0.01*15.752 = 2.48in.2 = 1600 mm2
Use 12 Φ 14 mm bars, four in each face.
Lap Splices
From the interaction diagrams the stress in the bars for Pu/Ag = 1.27 and Moy/Agh = 0.24 is
about 0.4fy in tension. From ACI Code section 12.17.2.2 the splice must be a class B splice if
more than half of the bars are spliced at any section. The splice length is 1.3ld. From ACI Code
section 12.2.2, the development length is,
ld = (fyΨtΨe/25λ√f’c)dp = (60,000*1*1/(25*1*√4000)*1 = 37.95 in.

The splice length is
1.3ld = 1.3*37.95 = 49.34 in. ≈ 1260 mm.
Ties
Column A-2 – First Floor

Section Properties
b = 400 mm (15.75 in.), h = 400 mm (15.75 in.)
Acting forces
Pn = 1022.76 KN (229.37 kip)
My = 74.57 KNm (54.87 kip-ft.)
Mx = 8.47 KNm (6.23 kip-ft.)
lx/ly = 15.75/15.75 = 1 < 2
γ = (15.75 – 2*1.61) * 15.75 = 0.8
ex = Muy/Pu = 54.87*12/229.37 = 2.87 in.
ey = Mux/Pu = 6.23*12/229.37 = 0.33 in.
ex/ lx ≥ ey/ ly
Pu/(f’c*Ag) = 229.37/ (4 * 15.752) = 0.23 < 0.4
→ α = (0.5 + Pu/(f’c*Ag))(fy + 40,000)/100,000

= (0.5 + 0.23) (40,000 + 40,000)/100,000
α = 0.58
= 2.87 + (0.58*0.33*15.75/15.75) = 3.06 in.
Moy = Pu*eox

= 229.37 * 3.06 = 701.87 Kip-in.

is entered with
Pu/Ag = 229.37/ (15.75)2 = 0.92 ksi
and
Moy/Agh = 701.87/ (15.753) = 0.18 ksi
Ast = ρg* Ag = 0.01*15.752 = 2.48in.2 = 1600 mm2
Lap Splices
1.3ld = 1.3*37.95 = 49.34 in. ≈ 1260 mm.
Ties
Column A-2 – Second Floor

Section Properties
b = 400 mm (15.75 in.), h = 400 mm (15.75 in.)
Acting forces
Pn = 640.69 KN (143.68 kip)
My = 74.57 KNm (54.87 kip-ft.)
Mx = 8.47 KNm (6.23 kip-ft.)
lx/ly = 15.75/15.75 = 1 < 2
γ = (15.75 – 2*1.61) * 15.75 = 0.8
ex = Muy/Pu = 54.87*12/143.68 = 4.58 in.
ey = Mux/Pu = 6.23*12/143.68 = 0.52 in.
ex/ lx ≥ ey/ ly
Pu/(f’c*Ag) = 143.68/ (4 * 15.752) = 0.14 < 0.4
→ α = (0.5 + Pu/(f’c*Ag))(fy + 40,000)/100,000
= (0.5 + 0.14) (40,000 + 40,000)/100,000
α = 0.51

= 4.58 + (0.51*0.52*15.75/15.75) = 4.85 in.

Moy = Pu*eox
= 143.68 * 4.85 = 696.85 Kip-in.
is entered with
Pu/Ag = 143.68/ (15.75)2 = 0.58 ksi
and
Moy/Agh = 696.85/ (15.753) = 0.18 ksi
Ast = ρg* Ag = 0.01*15.752 = 2.48in.2 = 1600 mm2
Lap Splices
1.3ld = 1.3*37.95 = 49.34 in. ≈ 1260 mm.
Ties


CHAPTER SEVEN
DETAIL DRAWING
FIG. COLUMN

Fig. Slab Detail

Design of Flat Slab Using Equivalent Frame Method

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Design of Flat Slab Using Equivalent Frame Method

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

1. AMANUEL LEMI PRAMIT/2239/09

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

 For the floor at level 1

 Self-weight of slab: WDL, sb = 25*0.250m*7.2m=45.0kN/m

Total dead load: WDL= 45.0+14.4=59.4kN/m

 Live load: WLL = 3 kN/m2 *7.2m = 21.6kN/m

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

2. Interior Frame for floor at roof level

1.2 Exterior Frame

1. Exterior Frame at bottom and medium story

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

2. Exterior Frame at roof level

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

 Attached Torsional Member

Therefore, take C=328,077.08cm4

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

 For Exterior torsional members

JG Use: L=10cm for torsional members and υ=0.2

 For Exterior torsional members

 For Interior torsional members

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

 Top Exterior column

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

 Top Interior Column

 Bottom interior column

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

3.2 Interior Frame for the Floor at Story 2, 3 And 4 (Typical)

 Slab beam elements over the column width

Asb =1.8*106mm2 Asb = 2,136,698.55mm2

 Attached Torsional Members

C=328,077.08 cm4 C=126,302.08cm4

Kt= 9736.38E Kt=3748.18E

J= 233,486.33 cm4 J=89,804cm4

Parts of rigid offset:

- Beam depth-half of slab depth=500mm-250mm/2=375mm=37.5cm

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

3.3 Interior Frame for the Floor at Roof Level

 Slab beam elements over the column width

Asb =1.8*106mm2 Asb = 2,136,698.55mm2

 Attached Torsional Members

C=328,077.08 cm4 C=126,302.08cm4

Kt= 9736.38E Kt=3748.18E

J= 233,486.33 cm4 J=89,804cm4

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

Parts of rigid offset:

- Beam depth-half of slab depth=500mm-250mm/2=375mm=37.5cm

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

4.1 Exterior panel on story-I

Asb  380* 25  25*30  10, 250cm2

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

Over the column width

Asb 10, 250cm2

 Attached Torsional Members

C=328,077.08 cm4 C=126,302.08cm4

Kt= 9736.38E Kt=3748.18E

J= 233,486.33 cm4 J=89,804cm4

Top Exterior column Bottom Exterior column

DESIGN OF FLAT SLAB USING EQUIVALENT FRAME METHOD

4.2 Exterior Frame for the Floor at Story 2, 3 And 4 (Typical)

 Self-weight of slab: WDL, sb = 250.250m7.2m=45.0kN/m