Many formed by a chemical reaction called dehydration

A large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond Cells build biomolecules by bonding small molecules
together together to form chains called polymers Each gram of carbohydrates stores 4 calories of energy, and
Polymers form when monomers bond togther lipids store 9 calories. Lipids more compact, therefore fat
stores energy long term and carbs to store energy short term.

Carbon atoms bond with each other can form straight

chains, branched chains, and rings Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. The monomer of carbs
are glucose molecules. Carbohydrates provide short-term energy
Carbon Chains and Rings
4 valence electrons available for bonding in its outer energy
level
To be stable carbon atoms must form four covalent bonds fill in foods.
its outer energy level
High Energy Bonds

Large organic compounds called biomolecules Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. The monomer of lipids
are glycerol and fatty acids. Lipids provide long term energy
storage. Unsaturated fats are fats that don't have every possible
Carbohydrate bond with hydrogen, in fact, they have a double bond instead.

Oxygen

Hydrogen
Carbon Compunds Four Basic
Six Common Elements Macromolecules Lipid
Carbon
and the
Macromolecules of
Phosphorus Life

Nitrogen Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. Monomer of

Protein

Sulfur
proteins are amino acids.
Nucleic Acid
A fundamental task of proteins is to act as enzymes—catalysts Role Enzymes are proteins
that increase the rate of virtually all the chemical reactions within
cells Characteristics and Role of Enzymes
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.
Means to add water to a molecule to break bonds The monomer of nucleic acids are nucleotides that have three
parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group.
Hydrolysis
Are inhibited by inhibitors The covalent bond of a molecule breaks, a water molecule
Dehydration and Hydrolysis separates into H and OH and attaches to the exposed sites thus
separating them into smaller molecules

Are affected by pH

Means to take water out so bonds can form

Dehydration
Are required in minute amounts
Either way water is released
Speed up chemical reactions in the cell Either the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl
group of another monomer releasing a molecule of water, or two
Characteristics hydrogens from one monomer combine with one oxygen from the
other monomer releasing a molecule of water.
Are affected by temperature

Some catalyse reversible reactions

Build and break molecules