MODULE

ENGLISH 1 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION

Authors
Zenaida S. Angeles, MAEd
Imelda Origines-Ausa, MAT (CAR)
Lovely Celeste F. Benasa, PhD (Studies)
Aldrin B. Boca, MOS ARC (Studies)
Esther S. Custodio, MAEd
Shielanie Soriano-Dacumos, PhD
Romi M. Dela Cruz, MAT, LPT
Marissa Yolanda C. Samonte,MALLI(Studies)
Jackielou Elardo, MAT
Irene O. Feliciano, MAEd
Janet DG Figueroa, MAT (Studies)
Ferdinand C. Gimeno, EdD (Studies)
Jameson C. Martinez, MAT
Zamora Peñada-Medrano, MAEd
Norberto M. Nataño, MC
Florante D. Solano, PhD
Voltaire C. Somera, MAT, LPT
Yonie SD Timog, MAT
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MODULE 1
Introduction to Communication
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Categorize statements about communication into fact or
non-fact;
2. Analyze an instance of telephone conversation breaking
it down into such sections as communicators’ attitude,
shared information, communication as a process
illustrated based on a given model;
3. Propose your original Model of Communication that
conveys most features of previous models;
4. Classify instances of communication events into verbal
or non-verbal types;
5. Discuss non-verbal communication within context of the
importance of learning its non-linguistic/paralinguistic
elements and how these affect communication;
6. Given samples of situations, generate a diagram that
illustrate the different levels of communication enhanced
by definitions or features of the levels, the given and
relevant drawings;
7. Describe the principles of communication that
correspond to given instances;
8. Categorize language items as true or false statements
about ethics in communication; and
9. Create a group chat where a school activity plan is
tackled and the group discussion is assessed relative to
such factors as miscommunication, barriers to
communication and measures to avoid/prevent these
barriers.

The Nature of Communication

As one of the essential activities of the human race, communication is
transmission of thoughts from one mind to others. It is a process in which people share
thoughts, ideas, and feelings with each other (Flores & Lopez, 2003).
Also, we can say that communication is a dual or two-way process of transmitting
messages (Diaz, 2005). The receiver after receiving the message understands the
message in the desired form and then acts accordingly. It affirms that communication
concerns the give and take relationship among the communicators through feedback
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mechanism. With it, not only does one make his/her own self understood, s/he also gets
to understand others.
The Communication Process
For communication to take place, there must be five factors involved: the sender,
the message, the channel, the receiver, and feedback (Diaz, 2005).

Sender: the speaker of the communicator who has his/her own purpose,
knowledge, interest, attitudes, skills, and credibility

Message: the idea being transmitted by the sender to the listener. It includes the
three aspects of message: content, structure, and style.

Channel: the medium or vehicle through which the message is sent. It may be
verbal or visual. The latter is often supplemented with the pictorial and aural
channels.

Receiver: the target of the communication. He/she is the destination of the

message, the listener with his/her own purposes, knowledge and interest levels,
attitudes, and listening skills.

Feedback: the reaction given by the listener to the sender of the message. It is
what completes the communication process.

All five elements must be present in any communication situation. Without one
element, no communication takes place.

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/THE-COMMUNICATION-
PROCESS_fig1_265161946
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In the process of communication, the turn where the receiver changes its role
from decoder to encoder is called turn-taking. Turn-taking process is essential in a
communication process in order to keep the communication going and expanding.
The communication process involves the different stages which explain
specifically what happens during the process. These are the stages of communication:
1. Stimulus- during this stage, stimulus is anything that is perceived by our senses
that can trigger communication. For example, while walking along the street with
your friend, you suddenly notice that the sky is dark. What is seen by your eyes
(the dark sky) is the stimulus which begins your conversation with your friend.

2. Ideation- it is the stage in which your brain starts to process what you have
perceived. For example, you have already conceived in your thought about the
“dark sky” after you noticed the condition of the sky.

3. Encoding- it is the stage in which you are now starting to compose the message
about your conceived thoughts which was triggered by the stimulus you
perceived. For example, you have finally composed what you want to tell to your
friend that “the sky is dark, it might rain”.

4. Transmission- it is now the stage in which you delivered the thoughts you would
like to utter or to act. You can use various channels to transmit the message. For
example, using your vocals as medium, you tell your friend that “the sky is dark, it
might rain”.

5. Receptions- on this stage, your friend received what you have communicated.

6. Decoding- after receiving the message, the message will be processed by the
recipient of the message. He/she processes it in his/her brain.

7. Understanding- once the message was processed, the receiver will interpret the
message depending on his/her understanding. There is a bias in terms of the
understanding of the message of the receiver of the message.

8. Action- it is now the stage in which the receiver of the message will react on the
message received.
Models of Communication
Much has been said about the concept of communication. Various
communication scholars have already defined this term depending on how it is utilized.
Most of them defined communication according to how they devised their
communication models. These models have been developing through the years from
linear to non-linear models.
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1. Aristotle Model of Communication. It was the first to take an initiative and design
the communication model. The Aristotle Model of Communication is the widely
accepted and the most common model of communication where the sender sends the
information or a message to the receivers to influence them and make them respond
and act accordingly.

Aristotle Model of Communication is formed with 5 basic elements: (i) Speaker,

(ii) Speech, (iii) Occasion, (iv) Audience and (v) Effect. Aristotle advises speakers to
build speech for different audience on different time (occasion) and for different effects.

Source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/aristotle%E2%80%99s-communication-model/

Aristotle Model of Communication is the golden rule to excel in public

speaking, seminars, lectures where the sender makes his point clear by designing an
impressive content, passing on the message to the second part and they simply
respond accordingly. Here the sender is the active member and the receiver is passive
one (Management Study Guide, n.d.).

2. Lasswell’s Model of Communication. The first popular communication model that

was used to understand the nature of communication was devised by Harold Lasswell
in 1948. Lasswell is well known for his “5W” model of communication, which focuses on
"Who (says) What (to) Whom (in) Which Channel (with) What Effect". In Lasswell's
Model of Communication, the communication process is divided into five parts
including communicator, information, media, audience and effect; such five research
fields provide a very good point of view to study the new media communication.

Source: https://rahmanjmc.wordpress.com/2015/02/09/lasswells-model-of-communcation/

Critics of this theory have implicated the absence of explicating the two-way
communication aspect in communication. As we all know, communication involves a
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two-way process wherein both the communicators are often playing an interchangeable
role as sender and receiver of the information. This absence in the communication
model of Lasswell brought out the concern of other scholars on the element of
feedback.

What is notable on this model is the element of Effect which also similar with
Aristotle’s model. However, the implication of this element is both similar in the two
models; they only differ in terms of the scope. The element of Effect suggests that every
communication always result to possible outcome. For instance, when you
communicate something to another person, the communicator is responsible of the
effect his/her message to the recipient. In Aristotle’s model, the scope of Effect relies
only if the sender of the message is successful in persuading the audience. This is
unlike in Lasswel’s model which is wider in scope across in any forms of
communication.

3. Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication. Another viewpoint on

communication is offered by Shannon and Weaver in 1949. The Shannon-Weaver
Model of communication started out technical but grew to encompass all forms of
communication. It was developed from an engineering perspective, and was primarily
focused on communication technologies in particular the transmission and reception of
messages, and with the aim of developing a mathematical theory of communication.

Source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/

In view of Shannon & Weaver Model, information flows from the sender/speaker
to the hearer/receiver in one-directional, mechanistic and unilateral manner. As
mentioned, it is used in communication technologies. The model is used to describe the
process on how various communication technologies like telephone and radio
transmitted the information through airwaves as channel for transmission. Since
Shannon & Weaver, as telecommunications researchers, wanted to ascertain how
electric signal was transmitted via wire or radio wave, the ultimate aim, was to know
what happens during this process. Thus, although this experiment gave birth to theory
of communication, it is however, not a mutual way of communication for inclusiveness
and reciprocity. (Communication Libraries, n.d).

The element of Noise is one of the distinct features of this model. It is the first
model that explains that interruptions in every communication may occur. It is termed as
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Noise. Looking at its origin, the element of Noise initially referred to interference of
airwaves that results to “choppy” messages when using communication technology. In
the context of communication in general, the element of Noise is anything that can be a
barrier to communication. It could be physical noise, environmental, physical,
psychological, cultural, among others.

4. The Osgood- Schramm Model of Communication. Another scholar who devised

the beginning of a circular model of communication were Charles Osgood and Wilbur
Schramm in 1954. The Osgood and Schramm Model of Communication outlines the
basic components of communication between two people. Additionally, the model
proposes that interpersonal communication occurs by the exchange of purposeful
messages in a reciprocal, circular fashion. The three common elements that are present
in the model are the Decoder, Encoder, and Interpreter. As a circular model, it presents
that the communicators (both the sender and the receiver) performed the mentioned
elements during the conversation (Study Mass Communication, n.d).

Source: https://studymasscommunication.com/2019/09/08/the-osgood-schramm-model/

Communication usually begins with the encoder. The encoder is responsible for
creating messages. Then people decode (decoder) meaningful messages during
communication. Decoding refers to receiving a message. In an interpersonal
communication context, this is done through human senses such as hearing and
seeing. These nervous impulses travel to the brain where the human begins to translate
them (interpreter). More so, interpreting can be defined as making meaning of sensory
information. During a face-to-face conversation, humans will interpret sounds into words
and put words together to make meaningful sentences. Finally, the model explains that
after humans interpret nervous impulses during the previous step, they must encode a
meaningful message to send to their communication partner based on the
interpretation. In a face-to-face context, humans often relay spoken words to each
other, display facial gestures, change their posture, move their hands, or change voice
pitch.

5. Berlo’s Model of Communication. Another classic model that explains

communication is that of devised by David Berlo in 1960. The model operates on the
SMCR pattern. It can be noticed in the model that all elements contain factors that may
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affect communication. Those factors can be both positively or negatively affect

communication.

The model takes into account the different aspects of the message (content,
elements, treatment, structure, code). Content refers to the context of the message
(what is being communicated). Element refers to what compose the message. It could
be based on the background and experiences of the source. Treatment indicates how
the source will manage the message; how he/she plans to deliver depending on the
intent of the source. Structure refers construction of the message. It specifically refers to
the plan of the source on how he/she will structure the sentence structure (syntax), the
tone of the voice to be used, among others. Finally, Code refers to symbols that will
represent the message. If these are the written words, these refer to alphanumeric data;
if these are spoken words, these refer to sounds of the letters.

Source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/berlos-smcr-model-of-communication/

In the SMCR pattern, S - Source; M – Message; C – Channel; R – Receiver; the

source also called the sender is the one from whom the thought originates. Sender
transfers the information to the receiver carefully placing his ideas into words. The ideal
communication occurs when both sender and receiver have the common expertise in
communication skills, the same attitude, knowledge, social system and culture. For
instance, a person with of the same knowledge could understand a particular
whereabouts because they are of the same level of wavelength. However, if they are
different, there is a possibility that the messages will not be communicated properly.

Aspects of Communication

Have you observed on how people communicate and how they shifted from one
topic to another? It is because people is concerned with communication. We as a social
being is always concerned with how we communicate and build relationship with other
people.
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Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to

another. Although this is a simple definition, when we think about how we may
communicate the subject becomes a lot more complex. Communication has two
aspects: (1) Verbal or Linguistic Aspect and (2) Non-verbal or Extralinguistic Aspect.

A. Verbal or Linguistic Aspect: This is the aspect that makes used of words. It
may be oral or written, formal or informal.

B. Non-verbal or Extralinguistic Aspect: This aspect does not make use of

words but may enhance or change the linguistic code.

Non-verbal or Extralinguistic Aspect is categorized into two elements. These are

(a) Non-linguistic Elements and (b) Paralinguistic Elements

a. Non-linguistic Elements
a.1. Kinesics- language of body movements. For example, hand gestures
a.2.Proxemics- language of distance or space. For example, public space, social
space, personal space, and intimate space
a.3. Chronemics- language of time. For example, you came late in an interview,
the interviewer interpreted it that you are inefficient employee.
a.4. Haptics- language of touch. For example, you caress the back of your friend
who is lonely.
a.5. Olfactics- language of smell. For example, you identify the food that your
neighborhood is cooking because you smell its flavorings
a.6. Oculesics- language of eye movement.
a.7. Gustatory- language of taste
a.8. Physical Appearance- how the person appears suggests his/her personality

b. Paralinguistic Elements: the meaning of what the persons says changes when
paralinguistic is used.
b.1. Vocal Quality- quality of the voice. The way the person speaks can tell
his/her personality depending on the quality of the voice. Being soft spoken may
mean that a person is shy type.
b.2. Pitch- the highness and the lowness of the voice
b.3. Tempo- the speed of the voice
b.4. Volume- the loudness of the voice
b.5. Juncture- these are the pauses while speaking

Levels of Communication

There are various types of communication and more than one may occur at any
time. These types of communication can be determined depending on the number of
communicators involve in the communication process and the purpose of
communication.
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These are the levels communication:

1. Intrapersonal Communication- it is a communication within yourself. It happens

when you are talking to yourself. For example when you are reviewing your
lessons, when making decision, when you have a deep thought about something
among others

2. Interpersonal Communication- this is a communication between one person to

another person. It oftentimes refers to a face-to-face communication. It involves
two or small group of people who are exchanging thoughts and ideas.

3. Public Communication- this is a communication from one person to a huge

group of people. The public is composed of heterogeneous audience. For
example, miting de avance, state of the nation address

4. Mass Communication- this is a type of communication which involves the mass

media such as newspaper, television, and radio. Like public communication, the
audience is also heterogeneous.

5. Organizational Communication- from the term itself, it is a form of

communication which takes place inside the organization. However, it does not
involve informal communication among the members of the organization. As a
formal communication, it follows strict policies on communication flow and
channels in the organization. For example, business meeting, written
communications like formal letters, memorandum, bulletin, announcement etc.

6. Intercultural Communication- it is a form of communication that involves

person-to-person, person-to-group, or group-to-group from different cultures. It is
important that one has to understand cultural differences for it may result to
offending other culture when communicating. For example in a certain culture,
they find it offending when someone is making a direct eye contact with them or
a handshake may sometimes unnecessary.

7. Technology-Mediated-Communication- this is any form of communication that

uses technology when communicating like like cellphone, telephone, facsimiline,
computer. So, when you are using social media when communicating to other
people, it is a form of technology-mediated-communication

Principles for Effective Communications

Communication is an inevitable human action. As they say, “we cannot ‘not’
communicate without communication”. However, the challenge for every individuals is
on how to deliver the messages effectively. The following are the principles for effective
communication (World Health Organization, n.d.):
1. Accessible
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 Make information available online

 Identify effective channels
 Ensuring Accessibility

2. Actionable
 Move audiences to action
 Behaviour change campaigns
 Communicate in emergencies

3. Credible
 Technical accuracy
 Be transparent
 Coordinate with partners

4. Relevant
 Know the audience
 Listen to the audience
 Tailor the message
 Motivate the audience

5. Timely
 Communicate early
 Communicate at the right time
 Build the conversation

6. Understandable
 Use plain language
 Tell real stories
 Make it visual
 Use familiar languages

Ethics of Oral Communication

Ethics is the discussion of the judgments we make about the appropriateness,
the right or wrong, of our actions and policies be those actions communicative, political,
social, personal, or a mixture of areas. Ethics is the study of what, ultimately, is the best
course of action: How should we behave to have the most positive effect upon society
and to become the best individuals we can? (Johannensen Ethics in Human
Communication)
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1. Ethical communicators are respectful of their audiences. Respect for

audiences includes respect for the ideas and feelings of the people with
whom we interact. If people possess dignity and worth, then they need to be
treated as such even when we may disagree with them strongly. One student
was addressing an issue which some saw as racially charged. Individual’s
response to those opposing his ideas was, "Get a life." His/Her reaction
demeaned not only those disagreeing with him but his own ideas as well.

2. Ethical communicators consider the consequences of their

communication. We do not communicate in vacuums. Our communication
endeavors are never isolated one from the other. For example, how we
respond at school influences how we respond at home and that in turn affects
how we respond in our public lives. Having considered the natures of our
audiences, we need to consider further the effect of our communication on
them and upon ourselves

3. Ethical communicators respect truth. A great deal of the ethics of

communication involves a respect for truth. If we cannot trust the other party,
we cannot accurately judge how to respond. If we cannot accurately judge
how to respond, then our communication becomes increasingly ineffective. If
the lack of trust is pervasive enough, it is destructive finally to society.

4. Ethical communicators use information properly. If we are going to

provide information to people, much less persuade them, we need to be well
prepared for the occasion. In addition to securing information, we also need to
consider the accuracy of the information and the accuracy with which we use
it. When we communicate, we expect people to react in some way to what we
say and do. When we use inaccurate information to influence others, we
cause difficulty for them and for ourselves.

5. Ethical communicators do not falsify information. Worse than the

distortion of information is falsifying information. Failing to find information
useful to our goals, we make it up. Another way of falsifying information is
through plagiarism. Plagiarism is a kind of theft, intellectual theft. When
writing, we acknowledge sources by the use of quotation marks and include a
citation of the source. When speaking, we acknowledge sources by naming
them in the context of the speech.

6. Ethical communicators respect the rights of others to information. A

respect for truth and an ethical consideration of others also means respecting
the rights of others in regard to information and access to information.
Collecting information is an integral part of the research process, but stealing
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information is theft, taking something that does not belong to us. Beyond the
personal act of theft, stealing information is unethical because it prevents
other people from securing information and unnecessarily makes their lives
more difficult.
Barriers to Effective Communication
Communication barriers is one of the elements of communication process. It is
inevitable to be eliminated in communication. Taylor et. al (2013) enumerate the
following barriers to effective communications, which are as follows:

1. Ethnocentrism. It happens when people implicitly believes that their way of

doing things and seeing things are the right and only way. This resulted judging
the behaviours negatively which do not actually conform on their own vision.
People that possess “ethnocentrism” perceive other’s behaviours as odd and
improper. Ethnocentrism also creates an “us versus them” mentality that can be
detrimental.

2. Stereotyping. It occurs when people rely on oversimplified clichés about people

from different cultures. This can also be observed on how other people attach
particular cultural practices that is not actually observed on a particular group. On
negative note, if stereotyping of a culture is perceived to be offensive on other
culture, people will also think of the same thing because of the reinforced
stereotypes by other people. Learning about differences can be useful as a
starting point. But individuals are unique; you can never predict a person’s
behaviour based on his or her nationality. Stereotyping is the process of creating
a picture of a whole culture, overgeneralizing all people belonging to the same
culture as having similar characteristics and categorizing people accordingly. It is
a belief about a certain group and is mostly negative.

Stereotyping can be done on the basis of many things like nationality, gender,
race, religion, ethnicity, age, etc. For example, Asian students are stereotyped to
be good at Math which is a positive stereotype. But, there is also cultural
stereotype of all people following a particular religion as being violent like Islam
and is negative stereotyping. Negative stereotyping creates prejudices as it
provokes judgmental attitudes. People look at those cultures as evil and treat the
people following the religion wickedly. Media is a tool of mass communication
which promotes stereotypes and prejudices and creates more communication
barriers.

3. Psychological Barriers. This barrier involves the undermining of one’s

confidence. For the indigenous people, they often feel that they are always left
behind because most of them did not finish their studies. They feel intimidated
with the way others interact with them. Cultural differences causes behavior and
personality differences like body language, thinking, communication, manners,
norms, etc. which leads to miscommunication.
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For example, in some cultures eye contact is important whereas in some it is

rude and disrespectful. Culture also sets a specific norms which dictates
behavior as they have guidelines for accepted behavior. It explains what is right
and wrong. Every action is influenced by culture like ambitions, careers,
interests, values, etc. Beliefs are also another cause for cultural barrier.

For instance, mostly, people who believe in god can cope with their lows of life
easily than atheists but atheists are more hardworking at all times which relates
to their behavior and communication. Appropriate amount of emotion that must
be displayed is also different in different cultures. Roles are defined by culture.
Good communication only occurs between people with different cultures if both
accept their differences with open mind.

4. Language Barrier. Commonly, people who are less fluent in English or other
language tend to withdraw from communication, which means the team may not
get all the input it needs. Understanding what’s said can be challenging if people
speak too fast or use too much slang.

This also might have an influence on how people’s competence and performance
are perceived. Relatively, there are billions of people in the world who do not
understand English or cannot communicate in English properly. Not speaking
properly can cause various misunderstandings and be a barrier to
communication. Different cultures have developed their own language as a part
of their heritage. People are comfortable communicating in their own language
whereas have to work hard to learn new languages.

For example, separation of East and West Germany for 40 years caused the
language to differ a lot. The dialect became very different as people of East
Germany had an influence of Russian language whereas West Germany had
influence of English. They had a barrier in communicating with each other for
decades.

Even when people try to express in their own language, many misunderstandings
arise. It becomes more profound in people speaking different languages.

Non-verbal communication cannot be relied upon in communication between

people from different cultures as that is also different like language. Signs,
symbols and gestures varies in different cultures.

For example, the sign “thumbs up” is taken as a sign of approval and wishing
luck in most of the cultures but is taken as an insult in Bangladesh. Similarly, the
“V” hand gesture with palm faced outside or inside means victory and peace in
US, but back of hand facing someone showing the sign is taken as insulting in
many cultures.
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The culture sets some meanings of signs like the ones mentioned above, which
might not be the same in other culture.

5. Conflicting Values. Culture is like an iceberg: what you see are the behaviors,
and those are influenced by the invisible values under the water line. Cultural
clashes happen when other people’s behavior compromises others values. In
simpler view, if a person did not understand or do not agree with a behavior, it
means that there are conflicting values under the water line. There is no right or
wrong way of doing things; it’s just a matter of cultural norms.
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Activity 1
Direction: Identify if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
1. _________________ Communication is a process.
2. _________________ Give and take relationship of communicators suggests that
communication is one-way.
3. _________________ Meaningful communication explains that interaction
between two or more people influence each other’s behavior.
4. _________________ It is the nature of communication to have feedback
mechanism.
5. _________________ The concept of communication is exclusively only in
spoken words.

Activity 2
Directions: Analyze the telephone conversation and answer the questions follow.
Watch the telephone conversation on this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=odEO5XvdYfA&list=UUKz7ixKQGTWyocEyPYAxoaw&index=21 :
Host: Hi, how are you today?
Invitee: I’m fine. Why do you call?
Host: Can I ask you a favor?
Invitee: Sure! What is it?
Host: Would you mind if I invited you here in our house to help me edit a
video I am preparing for school?
Invitee: That’s great! I am willing to help.
Host: You are an absolute life-saver! What time will you be able to come
here?
Invitee: I am free tonight.
Host: That’s awesome!
Invitee: By the way, I have forgotten how to go to your house. Can you
please give men the direction?
Host: So to get here in our house, you have to ride a tricycle going to
Shopwise. We have a terminal there. And from there, ride another tricycle,
and I will pick you in front of the gate.
Invitee: I get it. I will be leaving our house by 5:00 o’clock.
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Host: Thank you! I’ll return the favor sometime.

Invitee: You’re very much welcome! Okay, see you!
Host: Goodbye!

1. Describe the attitude of the two communicators.

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2. Enumerate the information shared by the communicators.

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3. Discuss the communication process using the stages of communication.

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4. Make an illustration of communication process showing the conversation between

the communicators. Use the model below.
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Activity 3
Direction: Answer the following questions:

1. Discuss the important characteristic of Aristotle’s Model of Communication in

order to consider that specific communication to the public becomes effective.
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2. In Lasswell’s Model of Communication, explain the meaning of “(with) What

Effect” as one of its elements.
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3. Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication is notable for including the element of

“noise” on its communication process. On this model, explain what is being
referred by the “noise”?
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4. Berlo’s Model of Communication traditionally follows the SMCR pattern, what

makes his model different from the other models?
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5. Explain the reason why Osgood-Schramm Model reflects a two-way
communication process.
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Activity 4
Direction: Perform the following activities:
A. Identify if the following is VERBAL COMMUNICATION or NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION:
1. __________________ Telephone call
2. __________________ Giving pieces of advice in person to a friend
3. __________________ Application letter to a prospect company
4. __________________ Traffic enforcers giving hand signals in a traffic
jam
5. __________________ Giving thumbs up
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ENGLISH 1 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

B. Answer the following questions:

1. Explain the importance of learning the different non-linguistic elements of non-

verbal communication.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. How do paralinguistics elements of non-verbal communication affect

communication?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Activity 5
Directions: Identify which type of communication is applicable on the following
situations. Justify your answer.

1. Reviewing your lectures in preparation for your upcoming examination

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Preparing a formal report of the sales of your company

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Informing the public about the typhoon

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4. Presenting a marketing proposal in a different country

 MODULE
ENGLISH 1 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

5. Conducting an urgent meeting while everyone is on leave for vacation

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Activity 6
Direction: Identify which principle for effective communication is described in
the following:
1. _______________________ Communicator should clarify the purpose of
communication to the receiver, apart from giving due attention to the aspects of
timing of communication.
2. _______________________ Information should be reliable. This promotes the
credibility of the communication and promotes its acceptability.
3. _______________________ The communication channels should be straight
forward and short, to minimize delays and distortion of information.
4. _______________________ Fast and automatic system of information flow
should be built into the organizational structure, without affecting the accuracy of
messages.
5. _______________________ The language and style of communication should
match the level of understanding of the receiver.
Activity 7
Direction: Write T before each number if the statement is true and F if the
statement is false.
1. _______ Consider ethics in your speech at all times.
2. _______ Effective use of nonverbal communication can strengthen your
message.
3. _______ How you communicate reflects who you are as a person.
4. _______ One way to help you build credibility is through effective nonverbal
communication.
5. _______ There are certain words that are only appropriate at certain times and
places.
6. _______ To achieve clarity, we must speak the same language as our listeners.
7. _______ The use of too many fillers can distract your listeners.
8. _______ Verbal communication is better than nonverbal communication.
9. _______ When you talk to others, you should not assume too quickly that they
understand the message that you convey.
10. _______ When you communicate, choose what you want to say and how you
want to say it.
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ENGLISH 1 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Activity 8
Directions: Form a group with five members. Create a group chat of any online
platform that is accessible to all. In your group, plan a school activity that you
want to organize in your school. Screenshot the conversations in your group
from the start you begin facilitating the online chat.
Individually, answer the following questions:
1. Was there a lack of communication or miscommunication within your group when
you organized and performed your tasks? What are these? Why do you think this
happened?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. What are the barriers to communication that occurred in your online chat?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. What strategies did you use to avoid barriers and miscommunication?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

References
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ENGLISH 1 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Comm Ethics. (n.d.). Ethics in communication. Retrieved from

http://j647commethics.weebly.com/uploads/6/4/2/2/6422481/ethics_in_communic
ation.pdf
Communication Libraries. (2013). Shannon weaver model of communication. Retrieved
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weaver-model-of-communication/
Communication Theory. (n.d.) Aristotle communication model. Retrieved from
https://www.communicationtheory.org/aristotle%E2%80%99s-communication-
model/
Communication Theory. (n.d.) Berlo’s smcr model of communication. Retrieved from
https://www.communicationtheory.org/berlos-smcr-model-of-communication/
Diaz, R. H. (2005). Speech and oral communication for college students.
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Management Study Guide. (n.d). Aristotle model of communication. Retrieved from
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PROCESS_fig1_265161946
Study Mass Communication.(2019). Osgood schramm model of communication.
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schramm-model/
Taylor, S.P, Nicolle, C, & Maguire, M (2013). Cross-cultural communication barriers in
health care. Nursing Standard (Through 2013), 27(31)
World Health Organization. (n.d.) Communications principles. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/about/communications/principles
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