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1.The double bass, also called the string bass, upright bass, bass
violin or contrabass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string
instrument in the modern symphony orchestra. The double bass is a
standard member of the string section of the symphony
orchestra[1] and smaller string ensembles[2] in Western classical music.
In addition, it is used in other genres such as jazz, 1950s-
style blues and rock and roll, rockabilly/psychobilly, traditional country
music, bluegrass, tango and many types of folk music.The double bass
is typically constructed from several types of wood, including maple for
the back, spruce for the top, and ebony for the fingerboard. It is
uncertain whether the instrument is a descendant of the viola da
gamba or of the violin, but it is traditionally aligned with the violin
family. While the double bass is nearly identical in construction to
other violin family instruments, it also embodies features found in the
older viol family.
The word derives from the Italian 'violoncello'. The word derives
ultimately from vitula, meaning a stringed instrument. A person who
plays a cello is called a cellist. The cello is used as a solo instrument,
in chamber music, in a string orchestra and as a member of the string
section of an orchestra. It is the second largest bowed string
instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being
the largest.
WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS
Aside from the voice, flutes are the earliest known musical
instruments. A number of flutes dating to about 40,000 to 35,000 years
ago have been found in the Swabian Alb region of Germany. These
flutes demonstrate that a developed musical tradition existed from the
earliest period of modern human presence in Europe.
2. The clarinet is a musical instrument of woodwind type. The name
derives from adding the suffix-et (meaning little) to the Italian
word clarino , as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of
a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindricalbore, and
uses a single reed. In jazz contexts, it has sometimes been informally
referred to as the "licorice stick."[1]
BRASS INSTRUMENTS
The word trombone derives from Italian tromba (trumpet) and -one (a
suffix meaning "large"), so the name literally means "large trumpet".
Trombones and trumpets share the important characteristic of having
predominantly cylindrical bores. Therefore, the most frequently
encountered trombones—the tenor and bass trombone—are the tenor
and bass counterparts of the trumpet. Trombone music, along with
music for euphonium and tuba, is typically written in concert
pitch while trumpet music is transposed to B♭, although exceptions do
occur, the most notably being in brass band music. A person who plays
the trombone is called a trombonist or trombone player.
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
1. The triangle is an idiophone type of musical instrument in
the percussion family. It is a bar of metal, usually steel but sometimes
other metals such as beryllium copper, bent into atriangle shape. The
instrument is usually held by a loop of some form of thread or wire at
the top curve. It was first made around the 16th century
Gongs are broadly of three types. Suspended gongs are more or less
flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord
passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple
gongs have a raised center boss and are often suspended and played
horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped, and rest on cushions and
belong more to bells than gongs. Gongs are made mainly from bronze
or brass but there are many other alloys in use.
Bells are usually made of cast metal, but small bells can also be made
from ceramic orglass. Bells can be of all sizes: from tiny dress accessories to church
bells weighing many tons. Historically, many bells were made to commemorate
important events or people and have been associated with the concepts of peace and
freedom. The study of bells is calledcampanology.
Jenelyn A. Quebec
IV-Einstein
Mrs. Marmeto