opic: Monsoon Winds.

Q Explain why the monsoon winds develop? (4)

Ans: During summer low air pressure is developed over Pakistan. While high air pressure prevails over
sea (Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea) so moist (humid/wet) wind from Indian Ocean and
Arabian Sea blow towards land to fulfill the low air pressure. Wind from Indian Ocean reaches Pakistan
after crossing India called primary monsoon. Monsoon winds from Arabian Sea are called secondary
Monsoon which causes less rain. These winds cause rain from July to September. The amount of rain
decreases from northern area to Southern areas.

Q Explain the importance of the arrival of the monsoon to people who live and work in urban areas. (4) J
2011

Ans: Benefits: Climate became pleasant provide better living and working conditions. Reduce air
pollution and dust from atmosphere. Provide water for drinking, gardens and live stock.

Problems: May cause flooding, harms property. People cannot reach working place due to heavy rain so
decreases production of country.

Q Three types of rain is experienced in Pakistan monsoon, depression and convection. (I) explain why
rising air is needed to produce rain. (ii) For each of three types explain how rising air is produced in
Pakistan.

Ans: (I) Rising air is needed to produce rain because rising air cools at high altitude and condensation
take place. Clouds are formed and rain occurs.

(ii) Rising air is produced in three ways in Pakistan. Firstly summer monsoon winds rise up along the
northern hills and mountains. Secondly rising air occurs in depression which is low air pressure cloud
system. Air rises due to low air pressure in depressions and clouds forms due to condensation. Thirdly
warm air rises because of convection. Heated land warm-up the air and it rises up, high altitude causes
cooling, condensation take place and clouds are formed. This causes thunder storm and rainfall.

Q In the Indus plain the summer rainfall is not always reliable. What problems are caused (I) if the
rainfall arrives earlier. (ii) If the rainfall arrives late. (iii) If amount of rain varies considerably from one
year to another? J2002 (6)

Ans: (I) early arrival of monsoon means prolonged rainy season may cause floods. Harvesting of Rabi
crops may be affected. The sowing of Kharif crops may be affected. (ii) Late arrival of summer rain
means less than usual rain will create drought conditions. It will badly affect crops in barani areas.

(iii) If amount of rain varies then farmer will be unable to plan sowing of crops which depend upon rain.
Irrigation method will be needed in case of low rain and excessive rain can after sowing may damage
young plants.

Topic: Western depression.

Q Explain why western depression causes rainfall during winter. (4) N2000.

Ans: The western areas receive rain in winter from western depression. These depressions are low air
pressure system developed on Mediterranean passes through Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan and enter
Pakistan causes rain in Pakistan from December to March. Since Pakistan is at tail end brings light rain.
The amount of rain decreases from north to south of Pakistan and From West to East.

Q Name the areas which receive high rain in both summer and winter.

Ans: Murree, Rawilpindi and Jhelum in northern Punjab. Peshawar in K.P.K. Quetta in Balochistan.

Q Why western depression are more useful for agriculture than monsoon?

Ans: Monsoon rainfall varies in timing, amount and distribution occurs in heavy showers so it is
absorbed in soil and mostly water is drains off. Vapor-transpiration rate is high in summer. While rain
due to western depression occur in light shower absorbed by soil. Evapo-transpiration rate is low in
winter. Western depression is useful for Rabbi Crops. Monsoon is useful if water is stored in dams and
barrages.