EXPERIMENT NO: L06

EXPERIMENT NAME: SPRING BALANCE

EXPERIMENT DATE:27/09/2019

SUBMISSION DATE:04/10/2019

SECTION NUMBER:

GROUP NUMBER:5

GROUP’S MEMBERS

NAME ID

NOOR ASIMAH BT MAMAT HA17017

JOHAN ROFIQ B. SM SAMSUDIN FB17126

ABDUL RAHIM JALIL HA17006

INSTRUCTOR NAME:MR AIDIL SHAFIZA

OBJECTIVES:

To verify that the extension of a coiled spring is proportional to the load applied

To show the principle of a Hooke’s law

INTRODUCTION

When a coiled spring is stretched or compressed, it stores energy. Because of this, coiled
spring can be used to cushion the effects of sudden loads, as in shock absorbers, buffers, etc.
coiled spring are also used to measure weights by recording the amount of deflection of the
spring which is needed to balance the weight. When used in this way they are called spring
balance.
When a spring is stretched it can be shown that the increase in length of the spring is always
proportional to the stretching force (providing the spring is not over stretched). The same
applies to a spring which is compressed. This is summarized by the Hooke’s Law (see
Equation 1). Because of this, a spring balance has a uniform (evenly divided) scale which
shows the units of weight.
F=kx (1)
F = force
k = spring constant
x = changes in spring length
The spring’s restoring force acts in the opposite direction to its elongation, denoted by the
negative sign. For a
system ,the spring's elongation, x – xo , is dependent upon the
spring constant, k, and the weight of a 0 mass, mg, that hangs on the spring. If the system
of forces is in equilibrium (i.e., it has no relative acceleration), then the sum of the forces
down (the weight) is equal and opposite to the sum of the forces acting upward (the restoring
force of the spring), or

m g = k (x – x0) (eq. 2)

Equation 2 is in the form of the equation of a straight line (y = mx + b) so, we can see that if
we plot the force produced by different masses (mg) as a function of the displacement from
equilibrium the data should be linear. Hence, the slope of the line will be equal to the spring
constant k. The unit of k in standard metric units is N/m. If the mass is vertically pulled so
that the spring is stretched beyond its rest position, the restoring force of the spring causes an
acceleration back toward the equilibrium position, thus the mass oscillates in simple
harmonic motion.
APPARATUS:

Compress spring 1

PROCEDURES:

Preparation

1.The mounting panel is secured in the vertical position.

2.The adjustable hook is positioned and nut is secured.
3.The compression bracket is secured assembly with short screws and nuts.
Test 1:Tension

1.The tension is hang spring from the hook.

2.A weight hook is hang on the lower end of the spring.
3.A piece of plain paper on the mounting panel is tape so that the bottom of the weight hook
is close to the top of the paper.
4.The level of the weight hook is marked on the paper with a pencil.
5.A load,W of 0.4905N is placed on the weight hook and the new level of the weight hook
after extension is marked.
6.The weight is recorded besides the mark.
7.0.981N loads is added and new level is marked.
8.Steps above is repeated by adding 1.4715N followed by 1.962N and 2.4525N is .recorded.
9.The load 0.4905N is removed at a time and the level weight hook is marked at each step
until all loads have been removed.

Test 2Tension
1.Test 1 is repeated by adding the following loads to the weight
hook:0.1962N,0.3924N,0.5886,0.7848N and 0.981.
2.The level of spring is marked when a new load is added to the weight hook.
3.The load is removed one by one at a time and marked the level weight hook at each step
until all loads have been removed.

Compression
1.The plain paper used is moved in test 1& test 2 so that it covers an area at least from the top
of the compression bracket to the top of the vertical rod.
2.A light weight (5g) is placed in the sleeve and marked the level of sleeve as “o” on the
paper.
3.A load of 0.0491N is added to the sleeve and the new level of the bottom of the weight is
marked.
4.The weight is recorded beside the mark.
5.Repeat by adding 1.0301N followed by 2.0111N,2.9921N,3.9731N & 4.9541N loads is
recorded.
6.The load is removed at a time and the level of the sleeve until all loads have been removed.
RESULTS.
Test 1:Tension
original length of tension spring:5x10−2 m
N Xo m(kg) F=mg(N) Xi(m) ∆ x (m) F
k=
x

1 5x10−2 0.05 0.4905 1.45 x 10−2 1.4 x 10−2 35.04

2 5x10−2 0.1 0.9810 3.55 x 10−2 3.5 x 10−2 28.03

3 5x10−2 0.15 1.4715 5.55 x 10−2 5.5 x 10−2 26.75

4 5x10−2 0.2 1.9620 6.25 x 10−2 6.2 x 10−2 31.65

5 5x10−2 0.25 2.4525 9.75 x 10−2 9.7 x 10−2 25.28

Test 1 : Tension
3

2.5

2
Force (N)

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Extension spring (mm)
Test 2:Tension
original length of tension spring:5x10−2 m
N Xo m(kg) F=mg(N) Xi(m) ∆ x (m) F
k=
x

1 5x10−2 0.02 0.1962 0.25 x 10−2 0.2 x 10−2 98.1

2 5x10−2 0.04 0.3924 1.05 x 10−2 1.0 x 10−2 39.24

3 5x10−2 0.06 0.5886 1.85 x 10−2 1.8 x 10−2 32.7

4 5x10−2 0.08 0.7848 2.65 x 10−2 2.6 x 10−2 30.18

5 5x10−2 0.10 0.9810 3.45 x 10−2 3.4 x 10−2 28.85

Test 2 : Tension
1.2

0.8
Force (N)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Extension spring (mm)
Compression
Length of compression spring:1.8x10−2 m
N Xo m(kg) F=mg(N) Xi(m) ∆ x (m) F
k=
x

1 1.8x10−2 0.005 0.0491 1.8 x 10−2 0 0

2 1.8x10−2 0.105 1.0301 1.6x10−2 -0.2x10−2 -515.05

3 1.8x10−2 0.205 2.0111 1.3x10−2 -0.5x10−2 -402.22

4 1.8x10−2 0.305 2.9921 1.0x10−2 -0.8x10−2 -374.01

5 1.8x10−2 0.405 3.9731 0.6x10−2 -1.2x10−2 -331.09

6 1.8x10−2 0.505 4.9541 0.4x10−2 -1.4x10−2 -353.86

 Test 3 : Compression
6

4
Force (N)

0
-1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0
Compression spring (mm)

DISCUSSIONS

Calculate the spring constant value, k. without using f=kx.

 The formula of the spring force is the same as the formula of the linear equation.
 The other method to calculate the spring constant is using the coordinate of the two
point in order to get its gradient.
 Example:
y 2− y 1 12 N −2 N
Slope =
x 2−x 1
= 0.3−0.1
= 50 N/m
Explain why springs are usually used in building weighing device
 The spring extended or compress proportional from its distance with the equally
spacing.
 The ability of the spring to come back to its original length after being elongate or
compressed.
 Spring easy to calibrate to increase the accuracy of the measurement of mass at the
place they used because every palace has slightly different mass because of the
different value of gravitational acceleration.
 Two or more spring balances are hung one below the other in series, each of the
scales will read approximately the same, the full weight of the body hung on the lower
scale. The scale on top would read slightly heavier due to also supporting the weight
of the lower scale itself.

CONCLUSIONS
 A spring can be used to calibrated for the accurate measurement of mass in the
location in which they are used, but many spring balances are marked right on their
face “Not Legal for Trade” or words of similar import due to the approximate nature
of the theory used to mark the scale. The spring also can be used repeatedly until the
elasticity of the spring is broken and the s[erring not able to return to its original
position after streaking or compress. Spring also one of the great components that has
been used widely inside the product especially that need the elasticity of the spring

REFERRENCE
\
1. John, B Carl,T.F.T.F. Ross (2002).Mechanical Engineering Principles. Oxford:
Taylor & Francis.