SYSTEM OF LAYOUT
6
 The system must be drawn to show the location
of the pipe and so on. the process of involve of.
 Preparing the sewerage layout plan to show
the flow of sewerage position of the network,
size of pipe and position of manholes.
 Sewer follow natural drainage ways to minimize
excavation and pumping requirement. Large
trunk sewers are usually constructed in low
lying areas closely paralleling streams or
channels. In general, pipes should cross
contours at right angles.
Requirement for Sewer Sanitary System Layout Setup
 Specify an outlet for sewer sanitary system
which is based on the condition of the project.
So, the system might discharge into pumping
station, treatment plant or trunk or main
sanitary sewer.
 Estimating tributary area.
 Positioning main sewers and trunk
 Decide whether pumping station is required or
not.
 Specify the location of the pump station if
needed.
Setting Up Sanitary Sewer System Layout
 Sanitary sewer main location
 Provision of manholes for sewer sanitary
system due to changes in pipe sizes
 Provision of manholes for maintenance,
Inspection and emergency purposes
MANHOLE & STORM WATER ANALYSIS
Manhole
•  is an opening to a confined space such as a
shaft, utility vault, or large vessel.
• The upper portion of a manhole is called access
shaft. It provides an access to the working
chamber. It's minimum size about 0.75 m x 0.
m for a rectangular manhole and for a circular
manhole the minimum diameter is about 0.6 m
to 0.75 m. It's depth depends upon the depth of
manhole and the height required for the
working chamber.
• The lower portion of the manhole
is known as working chamber. It provides a
working space for inspecting and cleaning
operation of sewer. It's minimum size for
rectangular manhole is 1.2 m x 0.9 m and for a
circular manhole the minimum diameter is
about I.2 m. The height of this chamber should
generally be not less than 1.8 m
• The manhole is provided with a Cast Iron cover
and frame at its top. The manhole cover may be
rectangular or circular. The size of rectangular
cover is about 0.6 m x 0.45 m. The dia of
circular manhole cover is about 0.5 to 0.6 m.
Purpose of Manhole
• They are used to carry out inspection, cleaning
and removing obstruction in the sewer line. 
• Manhole allows joining of sewers or changing
the direction of sewer or alignment of sewer or
both.
What is storm water?
Storm WATER is the one who produced rain
water. A storm water runs over lawns, streets and other
man made surfaces.
Storm water picks up pollutant such as:
• Phosphorus
• nitrogen from fertilizer
• bacteria from pet
• road salt
and carries them into local streams and lakes
What is the problem about storm water?
Uncontrolled storm water run-off has many impacts on
humans and environment including:
• Flooding
• Eroded stream breaks
• Aesthetics
• Fish and aquatic life
• Impaired recreational uses
• Threatens public health
• Economic impacts
What is probable solution in storm water problems?
Green infrastructure can be used to address storm
water run off and sewer overflow problems. And yet it
works by slowing down the run off, spreading it out
over the land and slowly soaking it into the ground.
Some examples of green infrastructure:
• Rain gardens
• Pervious pavement
• Rain barrels
• And green roofs
Why storm water is important?
 Storm water is important because it can lead to
pollution, erosion, flooding and many
environmental and health issues if not properly
understood and maintained.
 Contrary to popular belief, storm sewers do not
carry storm water to waste water treatment
plants. Pollutants wind up in the storm water
which empties in a storm drain inlet.
What is the purpose storm water analysis ?
 The purpose of storm water analysis is to
eliminate the hazards TO PUBLIC HEALTH AND
SAFETY CAUSE BY EXCESSIVE STORM WATER
RUN-OFF, REDUCE ECONOMIC LOSSES TO
INDIVIDUALS AND THE COMMUNITY AT LARGE,
AND PROTECT CONSERVE AND PROMOTE THE
ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT OF LAND AND WATER
RESOURCES.
PIPE DIAMETER
SEWER PIPE DIAMETER
RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL
POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION FOR DOMESTIC
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 6(g) of Presidential
Decree No. 984, otherwise known as the " National
Pollution Control Decree of 1976", the National
Pollution Control Commission hereby adopts and
promulgates the following Rules and Regulations
governing the disposal of domestic wastewater.
CHAPTER 4 SEC. 23 MINIMUM SIZE
• No gravity sewer conveying raw sewage shall be
less than 200 mm. in diameter. The use of 150
mm. diameter pipe will be given consideration
where the design computations justify its use.
SEC. 26. ALIGNMENT
• Sewers 600 mm. (24" or less in diameter shall
be laid in straight alignment with uniform grade
between manholes. The alignment shall be
checked by lamping.
SEC. 27 CHANGES IN PIPE SIZE
• When a smaller sewer joins a larger one, the
invert of the larger sewer should be lowered
sufficiently to maintain the same energy
gradient as in the previous pipe.
SEWER SLOPE
Domestic Wastewater Disposal Requirements
(National Pollution Control Commission Rules and
Regulations of 1981)
Sewer Pipe Slope and Drainage
• To make liquid flow smoothly
 • Helps transport solids away without clogging

• Too flat pipe will prevent waste from flowing

away

• Pipe too steep will allow fluids to flow quickly

that solids will not be carried away

Standard Horizontal Drainage Pipe Slope to four times the average daily flows, unless
lesser design flows are justified by studies
According to International Code covered in the engineering report.

SEC. 23. Minimum Size

• No gravity sewer conveying raw sewage shall be

less than 200 mm. in diameter. The use of 150
mm. diameter pipe will be given consideration
where the design computations justify its use.
Larger Diameter Sewer Pipe Slopes
SEC. 24. Slope
• Requires calculations to determine proper pitch
• All sewers shall be so designed and constructed
• Sewer mains should be designed to have a flow as to give mean velocities, when flowing full, of
rate of 2 ft/sec during peak dry conditions not less than 0.6 m/s based on Manning's
formula using an "n" value of 0.013. Use of
• Flow rates are usually kept below 10 ft/sec.
other practice "n" values may be permitted if
• For flow rates greater than 10 ft/sec, pipes deemed justifiable on the basis of research or
should be designed with anchors or any other field data presented. The following are the
means preventing the pipe from shifting. minimum slopes which should be provided;
however, slopes greater than these are
  desirable:
CHAPTER IV - SEWERS AND SEWAGE PUMPING
STATION

SEC. 22. Capacity of Sanitary Sewers

a) New sewer systems shall be designed on the

basis of an average daily per capita flow of
sewage of not less than 200 liters per day. This
figure is assumed to cover normal infiltration in
the system, but an additional allowance should
be made where conditions are unfavorable. SEC. 25. High Velocity Protection.

b) The maximum hourly quantity of domestic • In the case of sewers where the slope and
sewage, commercial and industrial wastes, and volume are such that a velocity of 4.6 m/s is
groundwater infiltration shall be considered in realized at average flow, special provisions shall
determining the capacities of sanitary sewers. be made to protect against erosion and shock.

c) Laterals and minor sewers shall be designed, SEC. 26. Alignment.

when flowing full, by assuming flows equivalent
 • Sewers 600 mm. (24" or less in diameter shall manhole covers may be desirable in isolated
be laid in straight alignment with uniform grade casement locations or where vandalism may be
between manholes. The alignment shall be a problem.
checked by lamping.

SEC. 33. Manholes.

a) Manholes shall be installed at the end of each

line; at all changes in grade, size, or alignment;
at all intersections; and at distances not greater
than 120 meters for sewers 380 mm in
diameter or less and 150 meters for sewers 460
to 760 mm in diameter. Greater spacing may be
permitted in larger sewers.

b) The location of manholes in streams should be

avoided.

c) The flow channel through manholes should be

read to conform in shape and slope to that of
the sewers.

d) A drop pipe should be provided for a sewer

entering a manhole at an elevation of 0.60 m.
or more above the manhole invert. Where the
difference between the incoming sewer and the
manhole invert is less than o.60 m. the invert
should be filleted to prevent solid deposition. In
general, drop manholes shall be constructed
with an outside drop connection. The entire
drop connection shall be encased in concrete
material.

e) The minimum diameter of manholes shall be

900 mm; larger diameters are preferable for
large diameter sewers. A minimum access
diameter of 560 mm shall be provided.

f) Manholes shall be of pre-cast concrete, poured-

in-place concrete, or other approved water-
tight types. Manholes of brick or segmented
block shall be waterproofed on the exterior
with plastic coatings. In unstable soils, inlet and
outlet pipes shall be joined to the manhole with
a gasketed flexible watertight connection
arrangement that allows differential settlement
of the pipe, and watertight manhole covers are
to be used wherever the manhole tops may be
flooded by street runoff or high water. Locked