Black History icons and landmarks (events,organisations or movements).

I. Match the elements (1 to 19) with their description (“a“ to “s“). Work in pairs or group.

1.Katherine Johnson 2. Martin Luther King 3. Malcom X 4. The Black Panthers 5. Harriet Tubman 6. Mae Jemison 7. The NAACP

8. Rosa Parks 9. Tommy Smith and John Carlos 10. Ruby Bridges 11. Colin Kaepernik 12. Booker T.Washington 13.The Civil Rights Movement
14.. Freedom Riders 15. Brown vs Board of Education 16. The Underground Railroad 17. Jim Crow Laws 18. The March on Washington for Jobs
and Freedom 19. #BLM 20. Toni Morrison

a) She is an engineer, physician and former NASA astronaut who became the first black woman in space in 1992.
b) These laws were a collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation. They were meant to marginalize African Americans
by denying them the right to vote, hold jobs, get an education or other opportunities. Those who attempted to defy Jim Crow laws often faced
arrest, fines, jail sentences, violence and death
c) The first African-American child to attend an all-white elementary school in New Orleans, Louisiana, in November 1960
d) Throughout 1961, black and white activists, took bus trips through the American South to protest segregated bus terminals.
e) This organization was established in 1909 by black and white activists and is America’s oldest and largest civil rights organization.
f) African-American sprinters who protested against racial injustice in the USA during the Olympic Games in Mexico city in 1968.
g) She was an African American physicist and mathematician who worked to create the first calculations to send humans into space. 
h) U.S. Supreme Court decision that determined that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional.
i) A woman who escaped slavery to rescue hundreds of other enslaved people, she led a raid that freed 750 people.
j) It was a secret organization of routes and safe houses that helped slaves escape to freedom
k) She refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus. Her defiant stance prompted a year-long Montgomery bus
boycott.
l) He was a Baptist minister and civil-rights activist, he advocated civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance  to segregation in
the South. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4th, 1968.
m) Born in slavery, he was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to multiple presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915,
he was the dominant leader in the African American community (he has the same family name as the 1rst President of the U.S)
n) A movement formed by black Americans to end racial discrimination and gain equal rights under the law. It began in the late 1940s and ended
in the late 1960s.
o) He knelt during the national anthem at the start of NFL games in protest of police brutality and racial inequality in the United States.
p) A political organization founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to challenge police brutality against the African American
community. It officially dissolved in 1982. Its members dressed in black berets and black leather jackets.
 q) A minister, human rights activist and prominent black nationalist leader who served as a spokesman for the Nation of Islam during the 1950s
and 1960s. He was assassinated in 1965.
r) Approximately 250,000 people took part in the march. Martin Luther King gave his “I Have A Dream” speech as the closing address in front of
the Lincoln Memorial.
s) In 2013, three women — Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi — created a Black-centered political will and movement building
project. It was in response to the acquittal of Trayvon Martin’s murderer, George Zimmerman.
t) She was a writer, a professor at Yale and Princeton universities, she won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993.

II) Who are they? What did they do ? Recap orally

1 2 3 4 5 6

9 10

7 8

III) Vocabulary : look for the English equivalents that are underlined in the sentences.

acquittement : discours de clôture : elles étaient destinées à :

à travers : tout au long de : attitude de défi : a déclenché :

il prônait : cuir : il s’est agenouillé : un porte-parole :