Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering, description 600 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering, description
The machine has a hydrostatic steering system that operates one double acting hydraulic steering cylinder. The steering
cylinder is located on the front axle.
The hydraulic oil tank is common to hydraulic system and steering system. When the steering is used, the working pump
provides oil to the steering system.
The central component of the steering system is the steering valve (ORBITROL). The steering valve is connected to pressure
line, tank return line, load-sensing outlet and left and right hoses to the steering cylinder.

Figure 1
Steering system

1 Return oil filter 3 Hydraulic oil tank 5 Priority valve

2 Hydraulic oil cooler 4 Working pump 6 Steering valve (ORBITROL)

The steering valve is connected to the steering wheel via a steering column. When the steering wheel is turned, the steering
valve meters an oil volume proportional to the rate of rotation of the steering wheel. This volume of oil is directed to the
appropriate side of the steering cylinder, while simultaneously the displaced oil is directed to tank.
Figure 2
Steering

1 Steering valve (ORBITROL)

Neutral position
As soon as the engine is started, oil from the working pump flows into the priority valve. From the priority valve, oil flows to
the steering valve. However, as the steering wheel is held still, the closed centre steering valve prevents oil from flowing any
further in the steering system. With the working pump continuing to supply oil to the steering valve, pressure builds up and
this stand-by pressure acts on the end of the priority valve spool moving the spool against the spring pressure. As the spool
moves, it progressively opens the pump flow to the hydraulic system and reduces the flow to the steering system. However,
oil will always flow to the steering valve to compensate for any leakage within the steering valve. The steering valve's LS
connection is open to tank.
Figure 3
Neutral position

Steering to the right

When the steering wheel is turned, the steering valve's LS connection is closed which gives back pressure. During right turn,
the load-sensing signal to the working pump increases the oil flow. The oil pressure is sensed from the steering valve and
fed into the spring chamber of the priority valve. Spring pressure plus oil pressure moves the spool allowing the pump flow
to feed and give priority to the steering circuit. As the steering wheel is turned, the steering valve directs a measured
quantity of oil to the steering cylinder. Return oil from the other side of the cylinder is directed through the steering valve to
tank.

Figure 4
Steering to the right
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering, troubleshooting 600 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering, troubleshooting
Problem Cause Action
No steering or excessive Incorrect oil level in reservoir Fill with the correct grade and quantity of oil
effort required to steer Air in system Check for loose connections or damaged
tubing. Purge system of air
Pump relief valve faulty Check system pressure
Worn pump Inspect and repair
Leaking power cylinder Inspect and repair
Damaged valve spool Inspect and replace
Broken or damaged steering column Inspect and replace
Damaged or worn metering element Inspect and replace
Steering wanders Excessive play in steering linkage ball joints Inspect and replace
Leaking power cylinder Inspect and repair
Control valve spool sticking or worn Inspect and replace
Damaged or worn metering element Inspect and replace
Front wheels surge when Leaking power cylinder Inspect and repair
steering Control valve spool sticking Inspect and repair
Damaged or worn metering element Inspect and replace
Noisy pump Incorrect oil level in reservoir Fill with the correct grade and quantity of oil
Air in system Check for loose connections or damaged
tubing. Purge system of oil
Water in oil Drain and replace the oil
Worn pump Replace pump
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering axle and swivel- 622 Service Information 2014/3/18
joint, description
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering axle and swivel-joint, description

The front axle is the steering axle.
The steering rod ends are attached to the knuckle retainer. The knuckle retainer pivots on the upper and lower king pins.

Figure 1
Front axle

1 Steering cylinder 3 Tie rod 5 Ball joint

2 Steering rod 4 Nut 6 Knuckle retainer
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering knuckle, changing 622 Service Information 2014/3/18
king pins
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering knuckle, changing king pins

When changing king pins, refer to Service Manual drive axles, backhoe loaders.
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Toe - in, checking and 622 Service Information 2014/3/18
adjusting
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Go back to Index Page

Toe - in, checking and adjusting

Op nbr 622-080

1. Place the machine in the 173 Service positions.

2. Put two equal one meter long linear bars on the wheel sides. Lock them with two nuts on the wheel hub stud bolt.
NOTE!
The two bars should be fixed at the middle so that they are perpendicular to the supporting surface and parallel to
the pinion shaft. Be sure to align the two bars.

3. Check that the difference of the measurements between the wheel hubs diameter ends is within the required
tolerance range of 0 — 2 mm. The nominal toe-in value is referred to as the external diameter of the wheel hub
flange. The measured toe-in value at the bars ends must be related to the ratio between the length of the bar and
the flange diameter.

4. Place the machine back in service.

 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Toe - in, checking and 622 Service Information 2014/3/18
adjusting
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Go back to Index Page

Toe - in, checking and adjusting

Op nbr 622-080

11668010 Wheel forklift

WARNING
Never work under/on machines without using recommended support equipment.

1. Remove both front wheels, see 771 Front wheel, removal.

Figure 1
alignment of the bars

2. Put two equal one meter long linear bars on the wheel hubs. Lock them with two nuts on the wheel hub stud bolt
or with a G-clamp.
NOTE!
Be sure to align the two bars as shown in the image.

3. Measure and note the distance M in mm between the bars ends. Measure the distance on both sides of the axle.
NOTE!
Be sure to measure on the bars ends, so that a distance of 500 mm is given (from measuring point to axle centre).
 Figure 2
toe-in measurement

4. Check that the difference of the measurements is within the requested tolerance range:

M
behind the axle:

in front of the axle: M 0

-5

Figure 3
toe-in measurement, tolerance
If the toe-in is not within the tolerance, proceed the next three steps. If the toe-in is correct, proceed with step 8.

5. Loosen the lock nuts of the tie rods. Lock the tie rods by use of an open-ended wrench.

Figure 4
lock nuts, loosening

6. To adjust the toe-in, screw in/out the two tie rods equally by use of two wrenches.

Figure 5
Toe-in, adjusting
7. After adjusting the toe-in, fasten the lock nuts of both steering arms to the requested tightening torque. See
600 Steering, tightening torques. Lock the tie rods by use of an open-ended wrench.

Figure 6
lock nuts, fastening

8. Reinstall both front wheels, see 771 Front wheel, installation.

 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering valve, description 640 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering valve, description

The steering valve (ORBITROL) with the designation OSPF 125 LS is of the load–sensing type. "125" in the designation means
that the steering valve supplies 125 cubic centimeters of oil per turn of the steering wheel. The steering valve has a load–
sensing outlet (LS), from which a steering pressure is supplied to the priority valve.
The load–sensing signal controls the oil flow from the priority valve to the steering valve (steering has first priority). The LS
connection is open to tank when the steering valve is in the neutral position.
The steering valve consists of a rotary valve, a rotary actuator, a main relief valve, two overload relief valves, three anti-
cavitation valves and a check valve.
When the steering wheel is turned, oil is directed from the working pump via the rotary valve and the rotary actuator to the
steering cylinder port, L or R, depending on the direction of turn. The rotary actuator meters the oil flow to the steering
cylinder in proportion to the angular rotation of the steering wheel.
If the oil flow from the working pump fails or is too low, the steering valve can function as a manual pump (secondary
steering).

For checking steering pressure, see 910 Hydraulic pressure, setting.

Figure 1
Steering valve (ORBITROL)

1. Connection to steering cylinder, left hose (L)

2. Connection to steering cylinder, right hose (R)
 3. Tank return line (T)
4. Pressure line (P)
5. Load–sensing outlet (LS)

Valve in steering valve Function in steering valve

Main relief valve (pressure limiting valve)
Overload relief valves (shock valves)
Anti-cavitation valves
Check valve (non-return valve)
Pressure limitation of the pressure from the working pump.
The function is to absorb any shock pressures caused by
external forces on the front wheels.
Supplementary valve that assists oil flow to prevent
cavitation.
To prevent the oil from flowing back through the steering
valve into the pressure line.

For valve pressure settings, see 645 Steering, hydraulic equipment, specifications.
Figure 2
Hydraulic diagram, steering valve

1 Rotary valve 3 Main relief valve 5 Anti-cavitation valves

2 Rotary actuator 4 Overload relief valves 6 Check valve
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Priority valve, description 640 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Priority valve, description

The priority valve has a load-sensing inlet (DLS), where the steering pressure is coming from the steering valve (minimum
flow 1.4—1.8 l/min). The load-sensing outlet (LS) gives pressure information to the working pump for regulation.
When the steering wheel is turned, the oil flow is distributed in the priority valve in such a way that the oil flow necessary for
steering is led to the steering valve through the steering pressure outlet (D). The remaining oil flow is available for the
working hydraulics through the pressure line (P). The distribution is controlled by the load-sensing signal from the steering
valve, so that the oil flow to the steering valve is always determined by the actual steering rate.
The LS relief valve limits the LS-pressure, which also automatically limits the max. system pressure to 25 MPa (250 bar) (3626
psi). The flow adjusting valve constantly drain the LS-line (approximately 0.7 l/min).

Figure 1
Priority valve

1. Load-sensing inlet pressure (DLS)

2. Pressure test point (M), not used
3. Steering pressure outlet (D)
4. Pressure line (P)
5. Return to tank (T)
6. Load-sensing outlet (LS)
7. LS relief valve, adjusting screw HP-pressure (max. pressure)
8. Flow adjusting valve
Figure 2
Hydraulic diagram, priority valve

1 LS relief valve 3 Priority valve 5 Check valve

2 Flow adjusting valve 4 Check valve
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering angle, adjustment 643 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering angle, adjustment

Op nbr 643-011

1. Place the machine in service position one, see 173 Service positions.

2. Place a jack under the front axle and lift up the wheels.

3. Turn the steering wheel fully in either direction to the maximum steering angle.

4. Read off the steering angle using a measuring instrument. For recommended steering angle, see
600 Steering, specification.
If the steering angle is correct – continue to step 6.

Figure 1
Measuring steering angle

5. Loosen the nut. Adjust the steering angle using an open-ended spanner. Tighten the nut.

Figure 2
Adjusting steering angle

1. Nut
2. Open-ended spanner

6. Turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction and measure again.
7. After correct adjusting of steering angle the Toe-in must be checked. See 622 Toe - in, adjustment.
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering angle, checking 643 Service Information 2014/3/18
and adjusting
Profile:
BHL, BL70, BL61, BL71 PLUS, BL71, BL61 PLUS, BL60 [GB]

Steering angle, checking and adjusting

Op nbr 643-012

1. Place the machine in Service position 1, see 191 Service positions.

2. WARNING
Never work under/on machines without using recommended support equipment.

Place a jack under the front axle and lift up the wheels.

Figure 1
wheels lifted

3. Secure the machine with two stands under the front axle. Make sure they are positioned correctly and they have
safe ground support.

4. Turn the steering wheel fully in either direction to the maximum steering angle.

5. Read off the steering angle using a measuring instrument. For recommended steering angle, see
600 Steering, specification.

Figure 2
steering angle, meassuring
If the steering angle is correct, proceed with step 7.

6. Loosen the nut. Adjust the steering angle using an open-ended spanner. Tighten the nut
 Figure 3
steering angle, adjusting

1. nut
2. open-ended spanner

7. Turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction and measure again.

8. After correct adjusting of steering angle the Toe-in must be checked. See 622 Toe - in, adjustment.
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering cylinder, removing 645 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering cylinder, removing

Op nbr 645-004

WARNING
Oil under high pressure!

Hot hydraulic oil and hydraulic oil under pressure can cause severe personal injuries.
NOTE!
Oil that drains from hoses and connections must be collected in a container.

1. Place the machine in service position two, see 173 Service positions.

2. Disconnect the hoses, plug the hoses and remove the fitting on the right side of the steering cylinder.

Figure 1
Steering cylinder hydraulic hose connections

1. Hydraulic hose
2. Hydraulic hose
3. Fitting

3. Measure the distance between the inside of the nut to the end of the thread, in order to get the same measure
when installing.
 Figure 2
Check measurement

4. Place a suitable support device under the frame to lift up the wheels.

5. Loosen the nut and disconnect the steering cylinder from the tie rod (left and right side).

Figure 3
Disconnecting the steering cylinder

1. Nut

6. Remove the bolts. Remove the steering cylinder.

Figure 4
Removing steering cylinder

1. Bolts

7. Plug the connections.

8. Unscrew the fastening screws and take the steering cylinder out of it's housing. If necessary, use a rubber hammer.
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering cylinder, installing 645 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering cylinder, installing

Op nbr 645-005

NOTE!
Oil that drains from hoses and connections should be collected in a container. Seals in disconnected or removed hoses and
parts should be changed. Grease new seals before installing them.

NOTE!
The pipe fittings should be transferred to the new steering cylinder when installing.

1. Mount the steering cylinder and the bolts, tighten the bolts.

Figure 1
Installing steering cylinder

1. Bolts

2. Connect the steering cylinder to the tie rod (left and right side). Adjust the distance between the inside of the nut
to the end of the thread, in order to get the same measure as before. Tighten the nut.

Figure 2
Connecting steering cylinder
 1. Nut

3. Mount and tighten the fitting on the right side of the cylinder.

4. Connect the hoses without tightening them. Start the engine and turn the steering wheel to the left and right until
no more air comes from the hoses. Tighten the hoses.

Figure 3
Steering cylinder

1. Hose
2. Hose
3. Fitting

5. To adjust the steering angle, see 643 Steering angle, adjustment.

 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering valve, removal 645 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering valve, removal

Op nbr 645-022

NOTE!
Oil that drains from hoses and connections must be collected in a container. Disconnected hoses and open connections
must be plugged.

1. Place the machine in service position two, see 173 Service positions.

2. Remove the front panel, see 851 Front panel, removal.

3. Disconnect the connectors X15 and X33 and remove the instrument panel.

4. Disconnect the connectors X16 and X47 from the steering column.

5. Remove the plastic cover from the steering column.

Figure 1

1. Plastic cover

6. Remove the cover.

 Figure 2

1. Cover

7. Remove screws and remove the steering column.

Figure 3

1. Screws

8. Gently pull out the steering valve.

9. Mark up and disconnect the hoses from the steering valve.

Figure 4

1. Steering valve
 Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Steering valve, installation 645 Service Information 2014/3/18
Profile:
BHL, BL71 PLUS [GB]

Steering valve, installation

Op nbr 645-023

1. Connect the hoses and gently thread the steering valve into place.

Figure 1

1. Steering valve

2. Fit the steering column splines into the steering valve.

Fit the screws and tighten them.
Tightening torque: 50 Nm (37 lbs ft)

Figure 2

1. Screws

3. Fit the cover.

 Figure 3

1. Cover

4. Fit the plastic cover on the steering column.

Figure 4

1. Plastic cover

5. Connect the connectors X16 and X47 to the steering column.

6. Connect the connectors X15 and X33 to the instrument panel.

7. Install the front panel, see 851 Front panel, installing

8. Start the machine and control the function and that there are no leakage.
 Thank you for your purchase.
Have a nice day.

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