COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to

CO 1: realize the role of functional units and various architectural features (K2)

CO 2: examine data representation and execution procedure of an ALU (K2)

CO 3: identify the factors that degrade the pipeline performance and its counter measures (K4)

CO 4: evaluate and analyze the performance of memory. (K4)

CO 5: To learn the different ways of communication with I/O devices and interfaces. (K2)

UNIT I BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS 9

Functional units – Basic operational concepts – Bus structures – Performance – Memory locations
and addresses- Memory operations - Instructions and instruction sequencing – Instruction set
architecture – Addressing modes- I/O Operations

UNIT II BASIC PROCESSING UNIT 9

Fixed point arithmetic- Addition and subtraction of signed numbers –multiplication of positive
Numbers- signed operand multiplication and fast multiplication –restoring and non-restoring division
algorithm. Fundamental concepts – Execution of a complete instruction – Multiple bus organization
– Hardwired control – Micro programmed control.

UNIT III PIPELINING 9

A Basic MIPS implementation – Building a Data path – Control Implementation Scheme – Pipelining –
Pipelined data path and control – Handling Data Hazards & Control Hazards – Exceptions.

UNIT IV MEMORY SYSTEM 9

Basic concepts – Semiconductor RAM – ROM – Speed – Size and cost – Cache memories –Improving
cache performance – virtual memory, Flynn‘s classification – SISD, MIMD, SIMD, SPMD, and Vector
Architectures – Hardware multithreading – Multi-core processors and other Shared Memory
Multiprocessors.
UNIT V I/O SYSTEMS 9
Accessing I/O Devices – Interrupts – Direct Memory Access – Bus structure – Bus operation –
Arbitration – Interface circuits – USB. Input/output system, programmed I/O, DMA and interrupts,
I/O processors.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design: The
Hardware/Software Interface, Fifth Edition, Morgan Kaufmann / Elsevier, 2014.

2. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic, Safwat Zaky and Naraig Manjikian, Computer Organization and
Embedded Systems, Sixth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2012.

REFERENCES:

1. William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture – Designing for Performance, Eighth
Edition, Pearson Education, 2010.

2. John P. Hayes, Computer Architecture and Organization, Third Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2012.

3. John L. Hennessey and David A. Patterson, Computer Architecture – A Quantitative Approach,

Morgan Kaufmann / Elsevier Publishers, Fifth Edition, 2012.