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1. 范围 Scope
本规程适用于GE项目“9Cr-1Mo-V”材料（91材料）及其焊缝硬度测试。
This procedure is applied to hardness testing for “9Cr-1Mo-V” materials (91 materials) and its
weld in GE project.
2. 引用标准 Reference Standards
GE规范 附录B56 HRSG受压件、材料、焊接、无损检测的补充要求
GE Specification APPENDIX B56 HRSG PRESSURE PARTS, MATERIAL, WELDING,
NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION SUPPLEMENTAL
REQUIREMENTS
ASME锅炉及压力容器规范 第Ⅱ卷 A篇 铁基材料
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section Ⅱ Part A Ferrous Material
3. 设备及操作要求 Equipment and Operation Requirements
3.1 试验所用仪器为便携式超声波硬度计或便携式里氏硬度仪。
The apparatus for hardness testing shall be Portable Ultrasonic Hardness Tester or Portable
Leeb Hardness Tester.
3.2 硬度检测前，硬度仪应使用标准样块进行校核。
Hardness Tester shall be calibrated by standard block of hardness before hardness testing.
3.3 硬度试验时应调至HV硬度标度。便携式超声波硬度仪测量过程中始终保持探头稳定、垂直；对于
不同的测试方位，要及时调换设备上的测试方向键，以确保测试的准确性。
When conducting hardness testing, select the HV hardness scale. Keep the probe steady and
perpendicular to the test surface during testing. For different test direction, the direction button on
the hardness tester shall be appropriately adjusted in time to guarantee the testing accuracy.
4. 测试要求 Test Requirements
4.1 原材料入厂验收时应进行硬度试验。
Hardness testing shall be carried out for the raw material during acceptance test.
4.2 产品部件硬度试验在部件热处理之后冷却至环境温度进行。
Hardness testing for the product parts shall be carried out after PWHT and at ambient
temperature.
4.3 测试前部件表面应打磨光滑，不得有任何油污、杂质和铁锈。打磨深度0.4～0.8mm，并且打磨后
焊缝尺寸或截面壁厚不应低于设计所需的最小值。
The surface of test position needs burnished to be smooth before testing, shall be free of oil,
impurities, rust. Grinding depth is normally 0.4mm～0.8mm, and make sure the weld size and
the wall thickness is greater than the minimum design value.
4.4 应采用抛光砂轮进行打磨，也可先采用磨削砂轮再采用抛光砂轮进行打磨。
It shall be burnished by polishing wheel. Or burnish it by grinding wheel at first and then by
polishing wheel.
4.5 硬度测试结果应在规定的维氏硬度值（VHN）范围内：①供货状态91级材料硬度不低于210HV（需
在现场焊接的91级材料硬度不低于220HV）；②产品部件焊后热处理后，91级母材硬度不低于
200HV（需在现场焊接的91级母材硬度不低于220HV），焊缝应为200-300HV。每个位置应测量
并记录3个硬度读数。对焊缝的3个硬度读数，最大值与最小值之差不得超过30HV，单个读数不超
过300HV。
All the hardness testing results shall be in the specified range of Vickers Hardness Number
(VHN). ① The Vickers Hardness Number of as-delivered 91 materials shall not be less than
210HV (as-delivered 91 materials that need welding on construction site shall not be less than
220HV). ② After PWHT, the Vickers Hardness Number of 91 base metals shall not be less
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than 200HV (91 base metal that need welding on construction site shall not be less than 220HV),
and the Vickers Hardness Number of welds shall be 200-300HV. 3 readings shall be tested and
recorded for each position. For the 3 readings of the weld, the difference between the maximum
and the minimum shall not exceed 30HV. No individual reading is greater than 300HV.
5. 供货状态原材料硬度试验 Hardness Testing for As-Delivered Raw Materials
5.1 管道、管子、集箱硬度 Hardness of Pipe, Tube, Header
5.1.1 当管道、管子、集箱在6英寸NPS（150mm）以下应100%执行（鳍片管不低于10%）硬度试验。
应在长度方向3个截面(距两端1英寸处和中间)进行硬度试验，每个截面1个试验位置，见图1.1。
For pipes, tubes, and headers whose NPS is less than 6 inches (150mm), hardness testing
shall be carried out for 100% of the pipes, tubes, and headers (for tubes used to make finned
tubes, hardness testing shall be carried out for 10% of the tubes at least). Hardness at 3
sections along the length direction (including 1 section at each end where is 1 inch away from
end face and 1 section at middle) shall be tested, 1 position for each section. Refer to Fig. 1.1.
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每端1个试验截面和中间1个试验截面
1 Section at Each End and 1 Section at Middle

每个试验截面1个试验位置
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图 管道/管子/集箱的试验截面和试验位置（＜ ）
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5.1.2 当管道、管子、集箱大于等于 6 英寸 NPS（150 mm）应 100%进行硬度试验。应在长度方向 3 个

截面(距两端 1 英寸处和中间)进行硬度试验，每个截面 3 个试验位置，见图 1.2。
For pipes, tubes, and headers whose NPS is greater than or equal to 6 inches (150mm),
hardness testing shall be carried out for 100% of the pipes, tubes, and headers. Hardness at 3
sections along the length direction (including 1 section at each end where is 1 inch away from
end face and 1section at middle) shall be tested, 3 positions for each section. Refer to Fig. 1.2.
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1 Section at Each End and 1 Section at Middle

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图 管道/管子/集箱的试验截面和试验位置（≥ ）
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（≥ ）

5.2 弯头/弯管硬度 Hardness of Elbow/Bent Pipe

5.2.1 对于管径 6 英寸 NPS (150mm)以下的弯头/弯管，100%应执行硬度试验。应在弯头/弯管外弧侧顶
点及距弯头两端口 1 英寸处 3 个截面进行硬度试验，每个截面 1 个位置，见图 1.3。
For elbow/bent pipe whose NPS is less than 6 inches (150mm), hardness testing shall be
carried out for 100% of elbows/bent pipes. Hardness at 3 sections along the length direction
(including 1 section at each end where is 1 inch away from end face and 1 section at middle)
shall be tested, 1 position for each section. Refer to Fig. 1.3.
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图 弯头/弯管试验截面和试验位置（＜ ）
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（＜ ）

5.2.2 对于管径大于等于 6 英寸 NPS (150mm)的弯头/弯管，100%应执行硬度试验。应在弯头/弯管外弧

侧顶点及距弯头两端口 1 英寸处 3 个截面进行硬度试验，每个截面 3 个位置，见图 1.4。
For elbow/bent pipe whose NPS is greater than or equal to 6 inches (150mm), hardness
testing shall be carried out for 100% of elbows/bent pipes. Hardness at 3 sections along the
length direction (including 1 section at each end where is 1 inch away from end face and 1
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section at middle) shall be tested, 3 positions for each section. Refer to Fig. 1.4.
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1 Section at Each End and 1 Section at Middle
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每个试验截面 个试验位置

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图 弯头/弯管试验截面和试验位置（≥ ）
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（≥ ）

5.3 三通接头硬度 Hardness of Tee Connection

5.3.1 对于管径 6 英寸 NPS（150mm）以下的三通，100%应执行硬度试验。应在距三个端口 1 英寸处
和中间位置 4 个截面进行硬度试验，每个截面 1 个位置，见图 1.5。
For tee connection whose NPS is less than 6 inches (150mm), hardness testing shall be
carried out for 100% of tee connection. Hardness at 4 sections (including 1 section at each end
where is 1 inch away from end face and 1 section at middle) shall be tested, 1 position for each
section. Refer to Fig. 1.5.
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1 section at each end and 1 section at middle

每个试验截面1个试验位置
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图 三通试验截面和试验位置（＜ ）
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（＜ ）

5.3.2 对于管径大于等于 6 英寸 NPS (150mm)的三通，100%应执行硬度试验。应在距三个端口 1 英寸

处和中间位置 4 个截面进行硬度试验，每个截面 3 个位置，见图 1.6。
For tee connection whose NPS is greater than or equal to 6 inches (150mm), hardness testing
shall be carried out for 100% of tee connection. Hardness at 4 sections (including 1 section at
each end where is 1 inch away from end face and 1 section at middle) shall be tested, 3
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positions for each section. Refer to Fig. 1.6.

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1 section at each end and 1 section at middle

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图 三通试验截面和试验位置（≥ ）
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（≥ ）

5.4 异径接头硬度 Hardness of Reducer

5.4.1 对于管径 6 英寸 NPS (150mm)以下的异径接头，100%应执行硬度试验。应在距离两侧端部 1 英
寸处和中间 3 个截面处进行硬度试验，每个截面 1 个位置，见图 1.7。
For reducer whose NPS is less than 6 inches (150mm), hardness testing shall be carried out
for 100% of reducer. Hardness at 3 sections (including 1 section at each end where is 1 inch
away from end face and 1 section at middle) shall be tested, 1 position for each section. Refer
to Fig. 1.7.
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每端1个试验截面和中间1个试验截面
1 section at each end and 1 section at middle

每个试验截面1个试验位置
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（＜ ）

5.4.2 对于管径大于等于 6 英寸 NPS (150mm)的异径接头，100%应执行硬度试验。应在距离两侧端部 1

英寸处和中间 3 个截面处进行硬度试验，每个截面 3 个位置，见图 1.8。
For reducer whose NPS is greater than or equal to 6 inches (150mm), hardness testing shall
be carried out for 100% of reducer. Hardness at 3 sections (including 1 section at each end
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where is 1 inch away from end face and 1 section at middle) shall be tested, 1 position for each
section. Refer to Fig. 1.8.

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每个试验截面3个试验位置

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图 异径接头试验截面和试验位置（≥ ）
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（≥ ）

5.5 Weldolet、Sockolet、Couplet 接头硬度 Hardness of Nozzle of Weldolet, Sockolet, Couplet

5.5.1 对于管径 6 英寸 NPS (150mm)以下的接头，100%应执行硬度试验。应在距离两侧端部 1 英寸
处和中间 3 个截面进行硬度试验，每个截面 1 个位置。
For nozzles whose NPS is less than 6 inches (150mm), hardness testing shall be carried out
for 100% of nozzles. Hardness at 3 sections (including 1 section at each end where is 1 inch
away from end face and 1 section at middle) shall be tested, 1 position for each section.
5.5.2 对于管径大于等于 6 英寸 NPS (150mm)的接头，100%应执行硬度试验。应在距离两侧端部 1
英寸处和中间 3 个截面进行硬度试验，每个截面 3 个位置。
For nozzles whose NPS is greater than or equal to 6 inches (150mm), hardness testing shall
be carried out for 100% of nozzles. Hardness at 3 sections (including 1 section at each end
where is 1 inch away from end face and 1 section at middle) shall be tested, 1 position for each
section.
5.6 集箱端盖板 100%应执行硬度试验，应在板材每角距边缘 1 英寸处取 1 个位置及板材中心 1 个位
置共 5 个位置进行硬度试验，见图 1.9.
Hardness testing shall be carried out for 100% of steel plates used as end plate of header.
Hardness at 5 positions (1 position at each corner and 1 position at the center) shall be tested.
Refer to Fig. 1.9.
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距边缘1英寸

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6. 产品部件（焊缝和母材）硬度试验

Hardness Testing of Product Components (including Welds and Base Metals)

6.1 管子与集箱本体接头至少10%应作如下试验（且不少于4个接头）。在经过管子中心线并垂直于集
箱轴线的截面上4个位置处进行硬度试验：（1）距离焊趾1英寸（25 mm）的管子母材；（2）焊
缝中心；（3）距离焊趾1英寸（25 mm）的集箱母材；（4）与管子中心成180°的集箱母材。对
集箱上多排管子，应保证每排不少于10%接头进行硬度测试，见图2.1。
At least 10% of welding joints of tube-to-header (at least 4 welding joints) shall be tested as
follows. Hardness test shall be carried out at 4 positions at the section through the center line of
the tube and perpendicular to the header: (1) The base metal of tube where is 1 inch away from
the toe of weld; (2) The center of the weld metal; (3) The base metal of header where is 1 inch
away from the toe of weld; (4) The base metal of header at an angle of 180°with the center of
the tube. For multi-row tubes on a header, at least 10% of welding joints shall be tested for each
row. Refer to Fig. 2.1.
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 第 9 页 共 12 页
Page 9 of 12
6.2 端盖与集箱本体接头 100%应执行如下试验： （1）在焊缝上周向打 3 个位置（任意两位置之间至少
相距 90°）；
（2）在端盖中心 1 位置检查端盖母材；（3）在距离集箱端面 1 英寸（25 mm）处的
截面上 1 个位置检查集箱母材，见图 2.2。
100% of welding joints of end plate to header shall be tested as follows: (1) Circumferentially 3
positions on the weld (the intervals of any two positions shall be at least 90°); (2) 1 position at
the center of the end plate for base metal of end plate; (3) 1 position at the section where is 1
inch away from the end face of the header for base metal of header. Refer to Fig. 2.2.

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6.3 支管与集箱或管道接头100%应执行如下试验：（1）在支管上距离焊趾1英寸（25mm）处截面
上1个位置检查支管母材；（2）在焊缝上周向打3个位置（任意两个位置之间至少相距90°）；
（3）在集箱或管道上距离焊趾1英寸（25mm）处截面上1个位置检查集箱或管道母材，见图2.3。
100% of welding joints of branch to header/pipe shall be tested as follows: (1) 1 position at the
section where is 1 inch away from the toe of weld for base metal of branch; (2)
Circumferentially 3 positions on the weld (the intervals of any two positions shall be at least 90
°); (3) 1 position at the section where is 1 inch away from the toe of weld for base metal of
header/pipe. Refer to Fig. 2.3.
 第 10 页 共 12 页
Page 10 of 12

1
距焊趾1英寸处支管截面上 个位置
1 Position at the Section on Branch
where is 1 Inch away from the Toe of Weld

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6.4 6 英寸 NPS（150 mm）以下集箱、管道或管子的对接接头应 100%（鳍片管对接接头不低于 10%）
执行硬度试验。沿轴向 3 个截面进行如下硬度试验：（1）距离焊趾 1 英寸（25mm）处每侧母材
各取 1 个截面； （2）焊缝中心 1 个截面； （3）每个截面 1 个位置。 （4）鳍片管多排对接接头，应
保证每排不少于 10%接头进行硬度测试，见图 2.4。
100% of Butt welding joints of headers, pipes, or tubes whose NPS is less than 6 inches
(150mm) shall be tested (For butt welding joint of finned tubes, at least 10% shall be tested).
Hardness at 3 sections along the axial direction shall be tested: (1) 1 section at the base metal
where is 1 inch away from the toe of weld at each side. (2) 1 section at the center of the weld
metal; (3) 1 position at each section. (4) For butt welding joints of multi-row finned tubes, at
least 10% of butt welding joints shall be tested for each row. Refer to Fig. 2.4.
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6.5 6英寸NPS（150mm）或以上集箱、管道或管子的对接接头应100%应进行硬度试验，沿轴向
3个截面进行如下硬度试验：距离焊趾1英寸（25mm）处每侧母材各取1个截面；（2）焊缝中
 第 11 页 共 12 页
Page 11 of 12
心1个截面；（3）每个截面3个位置，任意两个位置之间至少相距90°，见图2.5。
100% of Butt welding joints of headers, pipes, or tubes whose NPS is greater than or equal to 6
inches (150mm) shall be tested. Hardness at 3 sections along the axial direction shall be tested:
(1) 1 section at the base metal where is 1 inch away from the toe of weld on each side. (2) 1
section at the center of the weld metal; (3) 3 positions at each section (the intervals of any two
positions shall be at least 90°). Refer to Fig. 2.5.

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6.6 非承压件（如吊耳、钢板圈等）与集箱/管道的接头应执行如下试验：（1）焊缝中心截面上1个
位置；（2）距离集箱或管道侧焊趾1英寸（25 mm）处截面上1个位置检查集箱或管道母材。
Hardness testing of welding joint between non-pressure part (such as lugs and steel plate ring)
and header/pipe shall be carried out as follows: (1) 1 position at the center section of the weld
metal; (2) 1 position at the section where is 1 inch away from the toe of weld for base metal of
header/pipe.
7 硬度试验的复试 Hardness Retesting
7.1 如果硬度试验结果不合格，需要三次再试验并应在尽可能接近失效试验的相同区域执行。如果复
试的平均值在允许的硬度试验范围内，则不需要另外的试验。
If any hardness test result is unacceptable, three retests are required and shall be performed in
the same area as close as practical to the failed test. If the average of the retest results is within
the allowable hardness range, no additional test is required.
7.2 如果硬度试验的结果不合格，则应在不合格报告中记录母材、填充金属、位置、焊缝配置、试验
结果并提出处理意见，提交买方审查。
If the results of the hardness tests are unacceptable, a nonconformance report documenting the
BM, filler metal, location, weld configuration, test results, and proposed disposition shall be
submitted to Purchaser for review.
8. 试验结果及报告 Test Results and Reports
8.1 硬度试验结果及时记录。
Record the test result in time.
8.2 记录格式见最后一页。
See the record form in last page.
 第 12 页 共 12 页
Page 12 of 12

硬度试验结果记录格式 Record Form of Hardness Test Results

编号
硬 度 检 验 报 告 Sheet No.
J-HD01
杭州锅炉集团
股份有限公司
共 页 第 页
HBG Hardness Inspection Report
Page of

生产令号 产品名称:
job No. product name
产品编号: 部件图号:
product No. part drawing No.
试件名称: 材料牌号:
test sample name material grade
材料规格: 数 量:
material spec. quantity
硬度仪编号名称 硬度仪鉴定编号
sclerometer name. appraisal of sclerometer No

硬度分析及鉴定结果:
hardness analysis and result:

检验者: 日期:
Inspector: Date: