INTRODUCTION:

CHARACTERS ABOUT PARADA

SANSKRIT NAME Parada

ENGLISH NAME Quick silver

SCIENTIFIC NAME Hydrargyrum

SYMBOL Hg

ATOMIC WEIGHT 200.6

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 13.6

BOILING POINT 357°C

SOLIDIFIES AT 39°C

payaa-yaa :
SI.NO. Based on payaa-ya

1 svar}paatmak galad ,raOpya ,inaBama\ ,mahataoja

: ,sauvaNa-.

2 gatyaatmak : Kaocar ,capala , cala ,GaUta-k.

3 dohvaadatmak AmaRtaM ,jaOva ,dohd

: ,parmaamaRta ,paarta ,paard
,maRtyaUnaaSana ,rsaayana

4 Qaatauvaataat idvyasya ,maharsa ,rsa ,rsaond`

mak : ,rsaaottama ,rsa Qaatau ,rsarja
,rsanaaqa ,saUta ,saUtak ,imaXa`k
,isawQaatau .

5 ivaiSaYT Ananta ,Amar ,kilakantak ,sauXma

gauNaatmak : ,saaOBaagya .

6 daSa-inak - jaIva ,jaOva ,idvya ,Aijantaya:

AQyatimak :
7 Qaaima-k - i~anao~a ,i~alaaoyana ,dova ,pa`Bau
dovaatmak : ,r}d`d\ja ,laaokoSa ,baRQa ,iSaYa
,iSavavaIya- ,hrrota ,hribaja ,hrtaoja
,iSavah\vayaa ,iSavabaIja.

paard - OCCURANCE:

Native mercury is an extremely rare element in the Earth crust

Globally , mercury is most commonly produced in Spain , particularly
from the Almaden mine , which is known for its high quality mercury .
It may also be obtained from Yugoslavia , the United States (mainly
California) & Italy

PARADA_NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SOURES :

The parada comes in two forms

I.Mukta swarupa (Native or free mercury)

II.Yougika swarupa (In the form of ores)

The prominent ‘ores’of ‘parada’ from which the ‘mercury’can be

extracted are given below:
SI.NO ENGLISH PICTURE CHEMICAL SANSKRIT
NAME FORMULA NAME
1 Cinnabar HgS Hingula

2 MetaCinnabar HgS Carmara

hingula

3 Hepatic HgS Darada

cinnabar hingula

4 Coral ore _ Pravalaba

hingula

5 Red oxide of HgO Brick

mercury ore,Girisindura

6 Calomel Hg2 Cl2 _

7 Montrodite HgO _

8 Living stonite 2Sb2S3HgS _

9 Steel ore of _ _
mercury

10 Liver ore of _ _
mercury

NOTE :

Cinnabar is the most important ore of mercury

It must go through a heating & condensing process to obtain mercury

PROCESS OF SEPARATING PARADA FROM HINGULAM :

HINGULOTTHA PARADA:

drd: paatanaayan~ao paaitataM ca jalaaEa`yao |

tatsatvaM saUtasaMkaSaM jaayatao naa~a
saMSaya: ||
(R.R.S 3/144)

yan~aa Used:-

AQa paatana yan~aa

Step – 1:
Asudha Hingula is made into a powder form in a clean kalvayantra.
 Step – 2:
Triturated with ‘nimbu swarasa’or any other amla dravya for 8
hours.

Step – 3:
Paste of hingula is applied at base of the upper pot of ‘adhah patana
yantra’ and given moderate heat of 3 prahara(9 hours)

Step – 4:
The parada from the base of the upper pot,gradually trickles down
and collected at the base of the lower pot(in water)

Step – 5:
Allowed to cooldown (svaaÈ\ga SaItalaM)

RESULT:
We get a paradawhich is free from all the’,saptakanchuka’dosas and does
not require any of the ‘sodhana’ or ‘samskara’.this is called as ‘Hingulottha
parada’

Another reference:
ivaVaQaraKyyan~asqaadad`avamaid-taata\ |
samaakRYTao rsaao yaao#syaaO
ihÈ\gaulaakRYT {cyatao ||
(R.R.S.8/39)

yan~aa Used:-

{]Qva- paatana yan~aa

Step-1:
Hingula is taken in a khalva yantra and subjected to 7 bhavanas, with
inambau svarsa, Aad`k svarsa , lakuca svarsa.

Step-2:

Dry hingula powder is taken in a lower pot of a clean ‘ {}Qva- paadna

yan~a ,ivaVaQar yan~a ‘ and subjected for heat .

Step-3:
Evaporated mercury gets collected at the inner surface of the pot in tiny
droplets form.

Step-4:
It is collected from the upper pot after the complete evaporation is done.
This is ‘Hingulottha parada’or ‘Hingulakrsta parada’.

paard Baoda :
rsaao rsaond/ saUtaEca paardao imaEEakstaqaa |
[ita paÉcaivaQaao jaata: Xao~aBaodona SamBauja:
||
 (r.r.sa.1|67)

S.no Types Sloga Meaning

1. rsa rsanaata\ sava- The mercury does the

QaataUnaaM rsa
[tyaiBaQaIyatao |
jarar]D.maRtyaunaaSaaya
rsyatao vaa rsaao mata : ||
(r.r.sa.1|76)
2. rsaond/ rsaaoparsarajatvaad/saond/
[ita kIitata: | (r.r.sa..1|77)
‘rasana’ or
‘aswadana’(engulf) of
‘abhrakadi rasa dravya’
and ‘swarnadi dhatu’ it is
called ‘RASA’.Since its
judicious therapeutic use
slows down aging process
(JARA),heals many
diseases (RUJA) and
delays death(MRTYU).
The Mercury is considered
the supreme dravya out of
all rasoparasa,
Dhatu etc, it is identified
with the term
‘RASENDRA’.

3. saUta dohlaaohmayaIM isaiwM Since the mercury

saUtaao saUtastata:
smaRta: ||(r.r.sa.1|77)M
reinstates health and helps
in pharmaceutical
procedures of swarna and
other dhatu dravya,it is
called as ‘SUTA’.

4. paard raogapaÈkaibQamagnaana Since it saves the

humankind from the
aM paardnaacca paard: |
swamp of diseases, it is
(r.r.sa.1|78) called ‘PARADA’.
5. sava-QaataugataM Since all the dhatu dravya
imaEa`k : taojaaoimaiEataM ya~a (metals and minerals) are
readily digested by
itaYzita | tasmaata\ sa ‘PARADA’,it is called as
imaEak : ‘MISRAKA’
pa`ao@taao
naanaar]paflapa`d: ||
(r.r.sa.1|78)

paard daoYaa (Impurities)-12

naOsaiga-k yaaoigak AaOpaaiQak
daoYaa daoYaa(Physica daoYaa ó
(Natural l impurities)-2: saptakÉcaukdao
impurities)-3: i)naaga Yaa:
i)ivaYaM ii)vaÈ\ga (Chemical
ii)vaiHna impurities)-7:
iii)mala i)papa-iT-
BaUimaja
ii)paaiTnaI-
igairja
iii)Baoid-vaarIja
iv)d`avaI
v)malakrI
vi)AnQakair
vii)QvaaÈ\XaI

naOsaiga-k daoYaa(Natural impurities):

ivaYaMvaiHnama-laScaoita daoYaanaOsaiga-kas~aya:
| r.r.sa 11/20
yaaoigak daoYaa(Physical impurities):
yaaoigakaOnaagavaÈ\gaaOWaO| r.r.sa11/21
AaOpaaiQak daoYaa(Chemical impurities):
AaOpaaiQaka: paunaScaanyaokIita-taa: saptakÉcauka: |
BaUimajaaigairjaavaajaa- Wo ca WonaagavaÈ\gajao ||
r.r.sa 11/22
saptakÉcaukdaoYaa:
papa-iTpaaiTnaIBaoidd`avaImalakrItaqaa |
AnQakairtaqaaQvaaÈ\XaIiva&aoyaa: saptakÉcauka: ||
r.r.sa11/24

paard daoYaa –Influence over the body:

ivaYaM vah\inama-laEcaoita daoYaa naOsaiga-
kas~aya:|
rsao marNasantaapamaUcCa-naaM hotava: k`maata\||
r.r.sa 11ó17
naagavaÈ\gaaO vah\inamalaaO caapalyaM garlaM
igair:|
Asah\yaaignaEca iva&aoyaa daoYaa naOsaiga-ka rsao||
naagaad\ va`NaM BavaotkuYzM
vaÈ\gaattaapaao#ignadaoYata:|
malaajjaaD\ya tau caapalyaad\ baIjanaaSaao
ivaYaanmaRRita||
igaro: sfaoTao#qa maaohEca \HËsaHË\agnao
pa`jaayatao|
etaOdao-YaOva-hInaEca rsaond`imah yaaojayaota\||
r.ta 5ó79.
paard Meaning Causes
daoYa
1 garla Exposed to highly poisonous marNaM
metals and minerals.
daoYa
2 vaiHna Because of high temperature. santaapa
daoYa
3 mala Combine with mercury remains jaaD\ya
4 naaga Exposed to naga va`Na
5 vaÈ\ga Exposed to vanga kuYz
6 caapalya Presence of capala(Bi,Se) Sauk` Xaya
7 igair special impurities found in sfaoT
mercury
daoYa
8 Asa+igna Combine withCl cause M.P, B.P maaoh
comes down

paard gaita
 It is the inevitable loss in the quantity of mercury due to various reasons
while subjecting it to different pharmaceutical procedures.

Types of paard gaita :

jalagaao jalar]paoNa tvairtaao hMsagaao Bavaota\ ó
malagaao malar]paoNa saQaUmaao QaUmagaao
Bavaota\ óó
Anyaa jaIvagaitadO-vaI jaIvaao#NDaaidva
inaYk`maota\ ó
sa taaMEca jaIvayaojjaIvaaMstaona jaIvaao rsa:
smaRta:óó
[R.R.S-1/81,82]

paard gaita Ways of loss of mercury

jala gaita jalagaao jalar]paoNaó

Loss through jalaM (water)

hMsa gaita tvairtaao hMsagaao Bavaota\ó

Loss during trituration. Here, the paard jumps or flies off
like a hMsa (swan)

mala gaita malagaao malar]paoNaó

Loss along with the impurities present in it during
SaaoQanaM

QaUma gaita saQaUmaao QaUmagaao Bavaota\ó

Loss in the form of fumes
jaIva gaita Anyaa jaIvagaitadO-vaI jaIvaao#NDaidva
inaEk`maota\ó
Loss as obscure as that of jaIva(life) leaving the body after
death.

paard gaita- Visibility and invisiblity:

catasa`ao gatayaao dRSyaa AdRSyaa paÉcamaa gaita:ó
(R.R.S-1/83)

The loss of mercury in first four(jala gaita , hMsa gaita , mala gaita ,
QaUma` gaita)is visible.
Whereas,in jaIva gaita the loss is invisible.

paard - ga`aHya svar]pama\ :

Anta: sauinalaao baihr]jjvalaao vaa
maQyaaHnasaUya-pa`itamapa`kaSa:ó
[rsamaÉjarI]

The pure mercury will have a very clean,silver shiny surface with a bluish
tinge from within and a bright sunshine appearance from outside.

paard- Aga`aHya svar]pama\ :

Sastaao#qa: QaUma`: pairpaaNDurEca ica~aao na
yaaojyaao rsakma-isad\QyaO:óó
 [rsamaÉjarI]
The impure mercury will have smoky or pale yellowish colour.
Consumption of such type of mercury will cause many diseases in the body.