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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

In general sense, masturbation is the act of exciting the sexual organs by rubbing,
stroking, or fondling, pressing or other forms of handling. It is part of the normal sexual
development which occurs in adolescent and which everyone indulges in at some point in
life. In a more restricted sense, masturbation goes beyond just exciting the sexual organs,
that is, in men, not just handling the penis until erection is achieved.
Both girls and boys masturbate. Boys generally start at an earlier age than girls,
even as early as two, and often learned from other boys. When a boy reaches puberty,
around age 13 or 14, he is able to ejaculate. This is cause by the muscles around the
prostate and penis contracting, forcing sperm out of the penis. The ejaculation produces a
pleasurable sensation called orgasm.

Girls masturbate at a later age, usually beginning around age 10, although some
may start earlier or later, or not at all. They massage or rub the clitoris or the entire vulva
until an exciting peak of sensation, also called orgasm, occurs, and fluids are released
inside the vagina. Girls do not ejaculate like boys, but they may experience a gushing
sensation inside. It usually takes girls longer to experience orgasm than boys.
Masturbating—exploring the sensation of the body—is one way to learn your sexuality.
Many people, both male and female try various ways to masturbate. Some imagine
scenes or events while masturbating.

Those who masturbate will agree with me that it gives physical pleasure similar to
that experienced during sexual intercourse with the opposite sex. Masturbation to the
point of orgasm gives relief from tension. There are many unfounded false beliefs
associated with masturbation and some of them are very absurd. For instance, some
believe that masturbation can cause blindness, deafness, ill-health or sterility. None of
these claims is true. Many religions teach that masturbation is a sin. As far as the body is
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concerned, masturbation is perfectly natural. (Life issues, Teenage Sexuality by Michele

Lee, Ph.D, page 25)

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on the perception of Adventists and Non-Adventists senior

students of Manila Adventist Medical Center and Colleges, Inc. (MAMCC) towards auto-
sexuality.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant specifically to MAMCC students. Hopefully, this study

will be able to provide information regarding auto-sexuality.

The results of this study are interesting, but it should be emphasized how much
the results of studies like this are biased by the honesty and accuracy of the study
participants.

The researchers will share the information about auto-sexuality/masturbation --

helps to develop self love and familiarizes oneself with one’s own sexual response. One
can relieve sexual tension without imposing on anybody else.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The general objective of the study is to determine the perception of an Adventist
and Non-Adventist 4th year students of MAMCC towards masturbation or auto-sexuality.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Religious Affiliation

2. Is there a significant differences among respondents perception towards

masturbation or auto-sexuality when group according to their:

a. Age

b. Gender

c.Religious Affiliation

3. In what level of society/ types of communications did you learn to

masturbate?

4. Have you engaged yourself to masturbation?

5. Do you experience any bad effects/unusualities before/after masturbating?

6. Does masturbating help you increase your well being as a man/woman?

7. What material stimulates you to achieve full pleasure?

8. Do you sometimes use you full IMAGINATION/ SEXUAL FANTASY

to achieve full pleasure?

9. How many times do you masturbate in a week?

10. Do you think masturbation is normal?

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11. Do you think masturbation is dirty?

12. Does your religion affects your thinking about masturbation?

HYPOTHESIS
This study intends to test the following hypothesis using a 5% confidence interval
level:

1. There is no significant differences among respondents perception towards

masturbation or auto-sexuality when group according to their:

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Religious Affiliation

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

According to Happeh Theory, masturbation will cause a person to become

crippled and blind in one eye, as well as causing many other physical health problems.
Excessive masturbation will also lead to the development of gay tendencies, as well as
other alterations to the personality or mentality of a person.

Maslow assumes that "person′s motivational needs could be arranged in a

hierarchical manner... (and) that once a given level of need is satisfied, it no longer serves
to motivate" (Luthans 2002, p. 260). Therefore the needs of the next level become the
person′s main motivators. Maslow identified five levels of needs: physiological needs,
safety needs, social and esteem needs, and the need for self-actualisation. Physiological
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needs, or primary motives, are "unlearned and physiologically based" and must be
satisfied before moving to higher needs. Examples are "hunger, thirst, sleep, avoidance of
pain, sex, and maternal concern" (Luthans 2002, p.250). Maslow indicates that sexual
needs, a primary reason for masturbation, are physiological and innate, and therefore
normal.

Freud identified two drives for human behavior, "the drive for self-preservation
and the drive towards procreation" (Brown 1964, p. 20), or libido. He defined sex as "any
pleasurable sensation relating to the body functions" (Brown 1964, p. 20), which includes
masturbation. The libido theory assumes that children go through chronological stages of
satisfaction of the libido: the oral phase, with attention focused on the mouth; the anal
phase, controlling the sphincter; and the genital phase, focusing on the penis. "In contrast
to the autoerotic pregenital phases, phallic satisfaction requires an external object"
(Brown 1964, p. 21). This suggests that Freud considers masturbation as pregenital.
Freud further assumed that the libido is a drive energy in a closed energy system, and that
"any symptom removed by suggestion... will make its appearance in some other form"
(Brown 1964, p. 22). For example, if a person ceases to masturbate due to social
pressures, this will lead to a search for other outlets of the drive energy. This indicates
that masturbation is a normal part of human behavior.

Gordon presents other motives for masturbation like the ease of accessibility, its
being an expression of an individual′s "suppressed and asocial components", and the fact
that it is viewed as "forbidden fruit" (Gordon 1972, p. 75), and often the first act of
independence of a child. Another reason may be "that the autoerotic experience was more
intense than, although not necessarily as satisfying as that resulting from heterosexual
intercourse" (Gordon 1972, p. 75)

RESEARCH PARADIGM
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Independent Variable Dependent variable

Age Assessment on the perception of

Adventist and Non-Adventist senior nursing
Gender students of Manila Adventist Medical center
and Colleges, Inc. (MAMCC) on auto
Year level sexuality
Religious Affiliation

This figure shows the perception of MAMCCI students towards auto-sexuality.

The perception of the students depends on the demographic data which includes Age,
Gender, Religious Affiliation and Year Level.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This research was conducted to evaluate the perception of Adventist and Non-
Adventist BSN senior students in MAMC towards auto-sexuality or masturbation. There
were one hundred sixty six (166) senior nursing students. The data obtained were from
one hundred (100) BSN Level IV students who have been conveniently selected among
the present batch.

The gathering of the data was conducted during the College Year 2010-2011
within the vicinity of MAMC.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Auto sexuality – means masturbation; sexual activity with one’s self.

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Masturbation – a sexual act to satisfy sexual needs.

Orgasm – peak of sexual pleasure experienced by male and female.

Perception – awareness or understanding in a certain topic.

Ejaculation – ejection of sperm.

Pleasure – enjoying or feeling of happiness to certain act.

Adventist - a Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance

of Saturday as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent second coming of Jesus
Christ.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Masturbation has been a center of discussion in different groups of people. Over

the ages, most religious groups have condemned masturbation, claiming that it inhibits
self-control and promotes sexual promiscuity.

GLOBAL LITERATURE AND STUDIES

‘’Students of human sexuality and of mental health seem increasingly to be taking

the position that masturbation may be regarded as part of the normal process of sexual
maturation. From a strictly medical and mental health point of view there is no reason to
try to prevent masturbation.” (Charles E. Wittschiebe, 1999)
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Since "everybody does it" and the Bible doesn't mention the topic, the natural
assumption is that it must be okay. But it continues to plague the conscience of many
Christian men who do it. (Nelson, 1999)

A letter of C.S. Lewis, quoted by Leanne Payne in The Broken Image: "For me
the real evil of masturbation would be that it takes an appetite which, in lawful use, leads
the individual out of himself to complete (and correct) his own personality in that of
another (and finally in children and even grandchildren) and turns it back, sends it back
into the prison of himself, there to keep a harem of imaginary brides. And this harem,
once admitted, works against his ever getting out and really uniting with a real woman.
For the harem are always accessible, always subservient, calls for no sacrifices or
adjustments, and can be endowed with erotic and psychological attractions which no real
woman can rival. "

The Internet is just littered with every conceivable form of masturbation and sex
addictive illicit materials at an all time high. This will always be the tragic reoccurring
result over a period of time! If you find yourself revisiting porno sites on the internet out
of pure curiosity being compelled to commit the act of masturbation, or a Christian dating
singles relationship; watch out, your sin conscience which is your enemy working for
Satan, is going through it's eternal mutating phase developing an unsuspecting addictive
nature upon the very foundation of sin itself; human sexual immorality of unclean impure
sexual behavior. (Williams, 2007)

Masturbating can help us to learn about our bodies and we can teach ourselves
how to respond sexually. Repressing your sexuality is unhealthy so masturbating gives us
a way to feel pleasure that is self-sufficient and under our control. (Myers, 2010)

LOCAL LITERATURE AND STUDIES

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“Masturbation is a perversion. It is a battle of the mind.” (Garena Philippines,

2008)

Masturbation is a private activity that should not affect a person’s social growth
or ability to make friends. However, any behaviour that becomes obsessive (extremely
habitual) or interferes with the other areas of a person’s life can become a problem-
(Santos, 2004)

Masturbation is accepted as a healthy practice and safe method for sharing

pleasure without some of the dangers that can accompany intercourse. It is socially
accepted and even celebrated in certain circles. (Ramos,2009)

Reading or viewing pornography, or sexual fantasy, are often common adjuncts to

masturbation. Often people will call upon memories during masturbation. Masturbation
activities are often ritualised. Various fetishes andparaphilias can also play a part in the
masturbation ritual. (Reyes,2005)

SYNTHESIS

According to Wittschiebe, masturbation can be considered a part of a person’s

sexual development. It can be prevented and avoided.

The Bible do not mention “masturbation” itself. That is why many Christians find
it difficult to accept if it is accepted among Christians or not.

Masturbation can be addictive according to Lewis. This is the most

harmful effect of the masturbation practice. It can bring about many changes in an
individual, may it be physical or psychological. Once a person is addicted to it, stopping
it can be hard.

Materials that promote masturbation are easily accessible in the internet, TV,
books, magazines. It plays a major role in making masturbation known and makes its
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look accepted in general. This puts stimulating materials accessible to the students
making many students indulge in such practice.

As Myers stated masturbation can be a way of self revelation. It helps a person

knows himself well and learn a lot of things about himself. Masturbation can be a way of
self expression that is gives pleasure and make a person more in control of himself.

Many people think that masturbation is immoral. It is a matter of the mind that
makes it more difficult to overcome.

Practicing masturbation is exclusively a personal thing. One’s ability to socialize

and mingle should not be affected. But it can be addicting too. Once this happens, it
brings about many personal problems that are not easy to handle.

Masturbation is done alone or with a partner, it adds benefit to those engaged to

the practice since it do not brings anxiety towards unexpected effects of sexual
intercourse. It is generally accepted in some groups of people but to some it is not.

It can be a form of a ritual. Some do it before going to bed, or during ovulation.

Sexually inclined materials, situations, settings, can lead to one’s practice of masturbation
and add to the set-up of one’s sexual rituals.
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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers used descriptive and statistical methods of research, involving

three stages for the data analysis. The first stage was the data preparation which involves data

editing of questionnaires for accuracy check of the data gathered; entering of data in MS-Excel;

cleaning and validating of encoded data; and processing of data using Statistical Packages for

Social Sciences Program (SPSS). The second stage involves tabulation and descriptive analysis of

the data to describe the basic characteristics of the respondents in terms of age, gender and

religious affiliation. The last stage was the inferential analysis of data to investigate the

perception of 4th Year Nursing students towards auto-sexuality.

POPULATION AND SAMPLE

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Only the Senior Nursing students of MAMC were considered as member

of the population. The total population of senior is one hundred sixty six (166). The

sample size of (100) students, which is composed of 50 Adventists and 50 Non-

Adventists were determined using the Slovin formula with ± 5% margin of error and 95%

confidence level.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Quota sampling method was used in choosing the representative sample of 100
students. In quota sampling, the population is first segmented into mutually exclusive
sub-groups. Then judgment is used to select the subject or units for each segment based
on a specified proportion. Quota sampling is useful when time is limited, the researcher
budget is very tight or when detailed accuracy is not important.
For this study, respondents were group according to their religious affiliation
(Adventist and Non-Adventist).

INSTRUMENTATION

To actuate the contingency between masturbation among college students. Non-

Adventist and Adventist nursing students, a self-established questionnaire was applied to

assemble the information or data. The questionnaire was composed of three segments.

The first segment was composed of demographic data including the religious affiliation.
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The second segment was all the about the respondent’s perception about Auto-sexuality

or Masturbation which was composed of 7 closed ended questions. It aspired to know the

number of respondents who immerse themselves to masturbating, their age when they

first engage in it. Also where did they learn to masturbate, the unsualties they experience

when they do it, the increased in well being when they pleasure themselves, the common

practices they used while achieving pleasure, and includes materials they used, the use of

fantasy and imagination. The third segment is composed of also 3 closed ended

questions. In entails, if masturbation is a normal thing to them, is it a dirty thing and

whether their religion affects their thinking about masturbation.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The study process comes firstly by guaranteeing permission from the Dean of the
College of Nursing to organize the study. With the formal consent from the Dean of the
College of Nursing on hand, the group devised the questionnaire.

During the actual analysis, the questionnaires were handed to all 100 respondents
in 4th year level in the College of Nursing from with that were returned. The gathered
abstracts were then administered to the statistical treatment.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

To achieve the goals of the study and to test the hypotheses set by the researchers,

the following statistical tools were used:

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1. Frequency/Percentage Distribution – this tool was utilized to show the number

of observations and to determine the proportion of share of each of the student

profile such as age, gender and religious affiliation.

2. Pearson chi-square test – this tool/test was utilized to assess two types of

comparison test of goodness of fit and test of independence. A test of

independence assesses whether there are significant difference on the students

perception when they are grouped according to their profile.