DATE: 12.05.

2020 DOCUMENT NO: 1

CHECKED BY: DP
GOMA ENGINEERING & CONSULTANCY PROJECT NO.:
DATE: 12.05.2020 CLIENT: REVISION: A
PREPARE BY: DP TITLE : DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL

INPUT DATA (2) PROPORTIONING THE DIMENSIONS (3) WALL STABILITY

HORIZONTAL
Height of Wall 6 m Total Height of wall H 6300 mm 37.88 KN/m2
PRESSURE AT BASE
Soil Density 18 KN/m3 Ass. Width of base 0.65 5750 mm
INTERNAL FRICTION 30 ⁰ MAX TOE WIDTH 1916.67 mm STABILITY CALCULATION
MOMENT
BEARING PRESSURE 200 KN/m2 TOE WIDTH 1200 mm LOAD TYPE HOR. LOAD (KN) DIST A
@A
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION 0.6 THICKNESS OF BASE 650 mm
SPACING OF ACTIVE
fck 20 N/mm2 COUNTERFORT 2.7 m
PRESSURE
119.33 2.1 250.593

PROVIDE COUNTERFORT
fy 500 N/mm2 AT 5 m

ASSUME DEPTH OF MOMENT

FOUNDATION 1 m THICKNESS OF STEM LOAD TYPE VER. LOAD (KN) DIST A
@A
ASSUME THICKNESS OF
COUNTERFORT 300 mm WALL 21.19 1.40 29.66
PRESSURE AT BOTTOM OF 33.9 KN/m2 49.44 1.68 82.81
STEM

MAX
(1) COEFFICIENTS OF EARTH PRESSURE MOME M(-) 70.625 KNm BASE 93.44 2.88 268.63
NT
Mu(-) 105.9375 KNm BACKFILL 508.50 4.35 2211.98

Ka dreq TOTAL
0.33 199.5648 mm 672.56 2593.08
LOAD
TRY
Kp 3 650 mm
Dbottom
Dtop 350 mm
DIST. CG VT FORCE PT
DIA OF BAR 10 mm 3.49 m
A
ECCENTRICITY e 0.615 m
AREA A 5.75 m
MODULAS Z 5.52 m3
(4) STRUCTURAL DESIGN MAX PRESSURE AT A 191.9 KN/m2 OK
MIN PRESSURE AT B 42.036 KN/m2 OK
DESIGN OF STEM
 DATE: 12.05.2020 DOCUMENT NO: 1
CHECKED BY: DP
GOMA ENGINEERING & CONSULTANCY PROJECT NO.:
DATE: 12.05.2020 CLIENT: REVISION: A
PREPARE BY: DP TITLE : DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL
DESIGN IS TAKEN AT
Y Y FOS AGAINST OVERTURNING
LEVEL
OVERTURNING
6.6 3.5 m 250.593 KNm
MOMENT
AT Y = 6.6 m STABILIZING MOMENT 2593.08 KNm
2
EARTH PRESSURE 39.68 KN/m FOS 10.35 OK
Mu(-) 124 KNm
Mu(+) 62 KNm FOS AGAINST SLIDING
SLIDING FORCE 119.33 KN
RESTORING FORCE 403.538 KN
Mu(( + ) & Mu/bd2 Pt PtMIN PREQ AstREQ AstPRO Vu Tv 100As/b Tc FOS 3.38169 OK
(-)) d
62 0.1693873369 0.04 0.12 0.12 600 629 97.91 0.161835 0.104 0.28 OK
124 0.3387746739 0.08 0.12 0.12 600 629 139.87 0.231193 0.104 0.28 OK PROVISION OF BASE KEY IS NOT NECESSARY

DISTRIBUTI 600 mm
ON STEEL

DEVELOPM 21.8612 SAFE 33.04102 SAFE DIA OF 12 mm

ENT CHECK BAR

Ld 56.641 mm

AT Y = 3.5
m

D 509.1 mm
d 464.1 mm

EARTH 21.05 KN/m2

PRESSURE

Mu(( + ) & Mu/bd2 Pt PtMIN PREQ AstREQ AstPRO Vu Tv 100As/b Tc

(-)) d
32.890625 0.1527034993 0.036 0.12 0.12 610.92 629 51.941 0.112 0.136 0.28 OK
65.78125 0.3054069986 0.072 0.12 0.12 610.92 629 74.201 0.16 0.136 0.28 OK

(B) BOTTOM CANTILEVER

 DATE: 12.05.2020 DOCUMENT NO: 1
CHECKED BY: DP
GOMA ENGINEERING & CONSULTANCY PROJECT NO.:
DATE: 12.05.2020 CLIENT: REVISION: A
PREPARE BY: DP TITLE : DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL
Mu 130.59 Vu 113.87 Tc 0.28
SHEAR REINF.
Pt 0.09 Tv 0.19 NOT
REQUIRED

Ast pro 516 100As/bd 0.11

As
REQUIRED 12 @ 219.19 647
PROVIDE
PROVIDE 12 @ 175

[C] CONNECTION WITH COUNTERFORT

HEIGHT AREA
2 195 mm2
4 390 mm2
6 585 mm2

DESIGN OF TOE

SOIL PRESSURE

191.9 160.624 16.25 16.25 175.65 144.374035

SOIL PRESSURE SELF LOAD NET PRESSURE

MOMENT 118.96 KNm Vu 144.01 KN Pt 0.12

Mu/
Mu 178.44 KNm (bd2) 0.50 Tc 0.28 N/mm2
Tv 0.24 N/mm2
Pt FOR Tv 0.306 Pt 0.31
Ast 1836 mm2
Ast 780 mm2

Ast pro 1836 mm2

DATE: 12.05.2020 DOCUMENT NO: 1
CHECKED BY: DP
GOMA ENGINEERING & CONSULTANCY PROJECT NO.:
DATE: 12.05.2020 CLIENT: REVISION: A
PREPARE BY: DP TITLE : DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL

HEEL SLAB
8.15 42.03
143.68 42.04 117.95 117.95
-25.73 75.91

SOIL PRESSURE SELF LOAD NET PRESSURE

TOTAL STRIP TOTAL TOTAL

STRIP eg 277.17 KN 117.93 KN STRIP ac -41.32 KN
LOAD ce LOAD LOAD
Vu 207.88 KN Vu 88.44 KN Vu -30.99 KN
d 600 mm d 600.00 mm d 600.00 mm
Mu(-) 135.12 KNm Mu(-) 57.49 KNm Mu(-) -20.14 KNm
Pt 0.09 Pt 0.04 Pt -0.01
Tv 0.35 N/mm2 Tv 0.15 N/mm2 Tv -0.05 N/mm2
Pt for
Pt for Tv 0.16 0.15 Pt for Tv 0.15
Tv
ADOPT
ADOPT Pt 0.16 0.15 ADOPT Pt 0.15
Pt
Ast 960 mm2 Ast 900 mm2 Ast 900 mm2
Vu 145.52 KN Vu 61.91 KN Vu -21.69 KN
Tv 0.24 N/mm2 Tv 0.10 N/mm2 Tv -0.04 N/mm2
Mu(+) 67.56 KNm Mu(+) 36.85 KNm Mu(+) -12.91 KNm
Pt 0.04 Pt 0.02 Pt -0.01

Pt
Pt ADOPT 0.12 0.12 Pt ADOPT 0.12
ADOPT

Ast 780 mm2 Ast 780 mm2 Ast 780 mm2

Ast pro 491 mm2 Ast pro 491 mm2 Ast pro 491 mm2

DEVELOPMENT
CHECK
 DATE: 12.05.2020 DOCUMENT NO: 1
CHECKED BY: DP
GOMA ENGINEERING & CONSULTANCY PROJECT NO.:
DATE: 12.05.2020 CLIENT: REVISION: A
PREPARE BY: DP TITLE : DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL

CONNECTION OF HEEL WITH COUNTERFORT

MAX SF 207.88 KN Ast 477.88 mm2 Ast min 780 mm2

Ast req 780 mm2

CONNECTION WITH COUNTERFORT

TAKE As
FOR eg Vu 207.88 KN eg As 477.8835 mm2 477.883 mm2
AS
ce Vu 88.44 KN ce As 203.32 mm2
ac Vu -30.99 KN ac As -71.2434 mm2

COUNTERFORT

TANϴ 0.887 ϴ 24.7 OA 1415 mm

AT Y = 3.5 D 2053 mm AT Y = 5 D 2680 mm AT Y = 6.6 D 3348 mm

d 1973 mm d 2600 mm d 3268 mm

AT Y = LOADING MOMENT SHEAR Pt MIN Pt Pt pro Ast req Ast PRO Ve Vu 100As/bd Tc Vuc Vus Vus/d

7 210.42 1718.43 736.47 0.2 0.2

6.6 198.40 1440.36 654.71 0.106 0.2 0.2 1960.8 1884 263.86 395.79 0.192 0.314 307.85 87.94 26.91 MIN STIRRUP REQ

MIN SHEAR REINF

5 150.3 626.25 375.75 0.072 0.2 0.2 1560 1570 162.15 243.23 0.201 0.322 251.16
MIN SHEARNOT
REINF
NEEDED
PROVIDED

MIN
3.5 105.21 214.81 184.12 0.043 0.2 0.2 1183.8 1256 87.57 131.36 0.212 0.33 195.33 NOT MIN SHEAR REINF
SHEAR
NEEDED PROVIDED
REINF
 DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
100As/bd 15 20 25 30 35 40
3 4 5 6 7 8
0.15 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.3 0.28
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.36
0.5 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.5 0.5 0.51 0.48
0.75 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.6 0.56
1 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.62
1.25 0.64 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.67
1.5 0.68 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79 0.72
1.75 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.75
2 0.71 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.79
2.25 0.71 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.81
2.5 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.82
2.75 0.71 0.82 0.9 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.82
3 0.71 0.82 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.01 0.82
 20
DESIGN BON

20
1.2

0.241 0.15 0.28 0.30912

0.25 0.36

0.104 0.15 0.28 #DIV/0! 0.104 0.15 0.28 #DIV/0!

0.15 0.28 0.15 0.28

0.118 0.15 0.28 0.28 0.192166 0.15 0.28 0.313733

0.15 0.28 0.25 0.36
DESIGN BOND STRESS

25 30 35 40
1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9

0.136 0.15 0.28 #DIV/0!

0.15 0.28

0.136 0.15 0.28 #DIV/0!

0.15 0.28

0.201282 0.15 0.28 0.321025641 0.212198 0.15 0.28 0.329758

0.25 0.36 0.25 0.36

0.108739 0.15 0.28 #DIV/0!

0.15 0.28
Date 20.04.2020 Goma Engineering and Consultancy Doc nos Goma-CFR-1
Chk. by HM Client:- Executive Engineer,SIPU Project Division,Palanpur Project nos Tender-16
Pre. By DP Sheet Title:- Analysis & Design of Counterfort Retaining wall Revision A

Height of Retaining earth 7 m

Depth of Foundation below G.L 1.25 m
Unit Weight of soil 18 kN/m3
Angle of internal Friction (°) 30 °
Coefficient of friction between earth and concrete 0.58
Allowable bearing pressure on soil 200 kN/m2
Concrete Grade 20
Steel Grade 415
Unit Weight of Concrete 25 kN/m3

Hence Total Height of Retaining wall 8.25 m

Therefore design Retaining wall as Counterfort type

Stability Considerations

Coefficient of Active earth pressure (Ka) 0.33

Total Force due to earth pressure on full height of wall 204.19 kN
This force acts at horizontally at point 2 above fdn lvl.

0.25
Wall top width 0.25 m
w1 Wall Bot. width 0.25 m
Ht. of wall 8.25 m
Total Base wth 5.50 m
Heel Slab 4.05 m
P 8.25 Toe slab 1.20 m
0.6
Base Thk 0.45 m
w3
Ht. of wall (W1) 7.80 m

0.6 w2

1.2 4.05

5.50

Consider 1 mt length of wall Dist frm O Moment

Weight of Element (W1)@ wall 48.75 kN 1.325 64.59
Weight of Element (W2)@ base slab 61.88 kN 2.75 170.16
Weight of Soil over heel slab (W3) 568.62 kN 3.475 1975.95
Total 679.25 2210.70
Effective stabilising moment 2210.70 kN.m
Overturning moment due to soil 561.52 kN.m
Hence,structure is 3.94 Safe against overturning
Resisting force against sliding between base and soil 354.57 kN
 Hence,structure is 1.74 Safe against sliding
shear key not required

Base Pressure Calculations

Total vertical force on soil ( R ) = w1+w2+w3 679.25 kN

Distance of its line of action from the point O is, 2.43 m

Eccentricity of R from centre of base is ( e ) is, 0.32 m towards point O

Hence, pressure on the soil below the base is as follows:-
Section modulus ( Z ), 0.92 m3
Maximum pressure below the toe (q1), 166.88 kN/m2 safe
Minimum pressure below the heel (q2), 80.11 kN/m 2
Safe

1.2 4.05

A B
B C
C D

Pressure distribution below the base

At point A 166.88 kN/m2
At point B 147.95 kN/m2
At point C 144.01 kN/m2
At point D 80.11 kN/m2

Design Of Heel Slab

The heel slab is designed as continous slab supported on cou-

nterforts. The downward force will be maximum at the edge
of the slab where intensity of soil pressure is minimum.

Therefore consider 1 m wide strip near the outer edge D.

The forces acting near the edge are as :-
i) Downward wt of soil 140.40 kN/m
ii) Downward wt of heel slab 11.25 kN/m
iii) Upward soil pressure intensity @ D 80.11 kN/m
iv) Upward soil pressure intensity @ C 144.01 kN/m

Therefore, Net downward force at D, 71.54 kN/m2

Net downward force at C, 7.64 kN/m2
Let the width of counterfort, 0.4 m
Clear Spacing between counterforts 2.60 m
Effective depth of heel slab provided, 390.00 mm
Max (-ve) bending moment in heel slab near counterforts is,(Mu) 60.45 kN.m W*L2/12
Therefore, Mu/bd2 0.40
 Ast, reqd 440 mm2
Minimum reinforcement at 0.12% 468 mm2

Provide reinforcement, 468 mm2

Bar Dia 16 mm
Spacing 200 mm
Ast, prov 1005 mm2 ok
Therefore,Pt prov 0.26 %

Shear Check

Critical section for shear occurs at the face where the slabs
joint with counterforts.
Max Shear ( Vu max ) 139.50 kN
Shear Stress (Ʈ ) 0.36 N/mm2
v
From Design shear strength of concrete table
Design Shear Strength of concrete (Ʈc) 0.37 N/mm2 From IS-456 Table-19
Therefore, Slab is safe in shear

Area of steel for (+ve) moment

Maximum +ve ultimate moment W x L2/16

Maximum +ve ultimate moment (Mu) 45 kN.m
Ast, reqd 328 mm2
Minimum reinforcement at 0.12% 468 mm2
Provide reinforcement, 468 mm2
Bar Dia 12 mm
Spacing 200 mm
Ast, prov 565 mm2 ok
Therefore,Pt prov 0.14 %

Distribution steel

Minimum reinforcement at 0.12% 468 mm2

Provide reinforcement, 468 mm2
Bar Dia 12 mm
Spacing 200 mm
Ast, prov 565 mm2 ok
Therefore,Pt prov 0.14 %

Heel Slab steel requirements

Provide 16 mm dia bars@ 200 mm c/c for (-ve) mmt.
Provide 12 mm dia bars@ 200 mm c/c for (+ve) mmt.
Provide 12 mm dia bars@ 200 mm c/c for dist. Bars
 Design of Stem (Vertical Slab)
The stem acts as a continous slab spanning between the
counterforts. It is subjected to lineraly varying pressure having
maximum intensity at bottom.
Clear height of stem over base slab is, 7.80 m
Average intensity of earth pressure (ka*Ƴ*H) 46.80 kN/m2
Area of steel on earth side near counterforts
Bending moment in the wall,near counterfort is, (Mu-) 39.55 kN.m/m W*L2/12
Therefore effective depth of slab required (d) 119.70 mm
Effective depth provide (d) 190.00 mm ok
Therefore, Mu/bd2 1.10
Ast, reqd 619 mm2
Minimum reinforcement at 0.12% 228 mm2
Provide reinforcement, 619 mm2
Bar Dia 12 mm
Spacing 100 mm
Ast, prov 1130 mm2 ok
Therefore,Pt prov 0.59 %
Shear Check
Critical section for shear occurs at the face where the slabs
joint with counterforts.
Shear Force ( Vu ) 91.26 kN
Shear Stress (Ʈ ) 0.48
v
From Design shear strength of concrete table
Design Shear Strength of concrete (Ʈc) 0.5 N/mm2
Therefore, Slab is safe in shear

Distribution steel

Minimum reinforcement at 0.12% 228 mm2

Provide reinforcement, 228 mm2
Bar Dia 10 mm
Spacing 250 mm
Ast, prov 314 mm2 ok
Therefore,Pt prov 0.17 %

Vertical Stem steel requirements

Provide 12 mm dia bars@ 100 mm c/c for (+ve) mmt. near Counterfort on earth side
Provide 10 mm dia bars@ 250 mm c/c for dist. Bars
 Design Of Toe Slab

Since the projection of toe is small,it is designed as a

cantilever fixed at the stem.
Intensity of pressure at B, 147.95 kN/m2
Neglecting the weight of soil above the toe slab,the forces

acting on toe slab are:

i) Downward forde due to weight of toe slab
ii) Upward soil pressure on length A-B
Therefore Ultimate Bending Moment at B (Mu) 174.90 kN.m/m
Therefore effective depth of slab required (d) 251.73 mm
Effective depth provide (d) 390.00 mm ok
Therefore, Mu/bd2 1.15
Ast, reqd 1338 mm2
Minimum reinforcement at 0.12% 468 mm2
Provide reinforcement, 1338 mm2
Bar Dia 16 mm
Spacing 100 mm
Ast, prov 2010 mm2 ok
Therefore,Pt prov 0.52 %

Shear Check
Since th soil pressure induces compression in the wall the
critical section for shear is taken at a distance (d) from the
face of the stem.
Intensity of pressure at a distance d from the face of toe 154.11 kN/m2
Net vertical shear = shear due to varrying pressure from btm
minus shear due to downward self weight of toe
Therefore net vertical Shear Force ( V ) 120.89 kN
Therefore Net Ultimate shear ( Vu ) 181.33 kN
Shear Stress (Ʈ ) 0.46 N/mm2
v
From Design shear strength of concrete table
Design Shear Strength of concrete (Ʈc) 0.49 N/mm2 From IS-456 Table-19
Therefore, Slab is safe in shear

Toe Slab steel requirements

Provide 16 mm dia bars@ 100 mm c/c

Design of Counterforts

Width of counterfort 0.4 m

Spacing of counterforts 2.60 m
C/C spacing of counterforts 3.00 m
Counterfort are subjected to earth pressure and downward
reaction from heel slab.
At any section at any depth h below the top E the horizontal
earth pressure acting on counterfort = 1/2 x Y x h2 x c/c of CF
Bending Moment at the base at C 1423.66 kN.m
Ultimate Bending moment (Mu) 2135.48 kN.m

Net downward pressure on heel slab at D

wt. due to earth pressure + wt of heel slab-upward soil pr 71.54 kN/m2

Net downward pressure on heel slab at C

wt. due to earth pressure + wt of heel slab-upward soil pr 7.64 kN/m2

Therefore total downward force at D 214.61 kN.m

Therefore total downward force at C 22.92 kN.m

The Counterfort acts as a T-beam, as can be seen that the depth

available is much more than required B.M considerations H
Depth required, 1391 mm
The required depth is obtained as under:

The effective depth is taken at right angle to the reinforcement θ

tan θ 1.93
θ 62.60
Therefore d = Heel width - Sin θ - eff cover 3546 mm safe W

Therefore, Mu/bd2 0.42

Ast, reqd 1686 mm2
Minimum reinforcement, 2905 mm2
Therefore provide 25 mm 6 nos
Provided area 2944 mm2 ok
Pt prov 0.21 %
The height h where half of the reinforcement can be
curtailed is approximately equal to 2.79 m
Curtail 4 bars at (L)-Ldt from top, 1.79 m

Design of Horizontal ties

Due to horizontal earth pressure, the vertical stem has a

tendency of seperating out from the counterforts,hence
it should be tied to it by horizontal ties.

The direct pull by the wall on counterfort for 1 mt ht at base 140.4 kN

Area of steel required to resist the direct pull 583 mm2 per mtr ht
Using 8 mm dia 2 -legged stirrups, Ast 100 mm 2
 Spacing 172 mm c/c
Since the horizontal pressure decreses with height, the
spacing of stirrups can be increased from 170 mm c/c to
450 mm c/c towards the top.

Design of Vertical ties

Due to net vertical down ward force acting on the base slab,
it has a tendency to separate out from the counterfort. This
is prevented by providing vertical ties.

The maximum pull will be exerted at the end of heel slab

where the net downward force = 71.54 kN/m2
Total downward force at D 214.61 kN
Required Ast= 891.6 mm2
Using 8 mm dia 2 -legged stirrups, Ast 100 mm2
Spacing 113 mm c/c
Therefore provide 8 mm dia 2-legged stirrups at 110 mm c/c

Total downward force at C 22.92 kN

Required Ast= 95.2 mm2 Very less
Therefore increase the spacing of vertical stirrups from 110
mm c/c to 450 mm c/c towards the end C.

Counterfort steel requirements

Provide 25 mm dia bars of 6 nos along the counterforts
Provide 8 mm dia bars of 172 mm c/c -2 legged as horizontal ties
Provide 8 mm dia bars of 113 mm c/c -2 legged as Vertical ties