10Th English SURYA Work Book Full Book - 2020-21 PDF

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ENGLISH
DRILL BOOK
REVISED ENRICHED EDITION 2020-21
AUTHORS
G. GEOFFREY DAVIDSON A. GOPAL, M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil.,
Salem. Salem.
T. BACKIYARAJ, A. AROCKIA DOSS,

M.A.(Eng), B.Ed., M.Phil., PG Dip. in ELT M.A.(Eng), M.A. (His), B.Ed.,
Thanjavur. Lecturer in English, Puducherry.
R.C. FLORENCE, M.A. B.Ed. V. REUBAN XAVIER, M.A., M.Phil.,

Cuddalore. Asst. Prof. in English, Tuticorin.
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(iii)
Drill BOOK
S.No. TITLES Page No.
PART - I
1. SYNONYMS 1
2. ANTONYMS 3
3. PLURAL 5
4. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 10
5. ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS 14
6. PHRASAL VERBS 19
7. COMPOUND WORDS 23
8. PREPOSITIONS 25
9. TENSE FORMS 30
10. LINKERS 34
11. IDIOMS AND PHRASES 37
PART - II
1. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE 40
2. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 44
3. PUNCTUATIONS 48
4. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES 53
5. JUMBLED SENTENCES 56
6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS 58
7. ROAD MAPS 60

S.No. TITLES Page No.
PART - III
1. POETIC DEVICES 63
2. PARAPHRASE 66
3. CoHERENT ORDER 67
4. PROSE COMPREHENSION 68
5. ADVERTISEMENT MAKING 72
6. LETTER WRITING 74
7. NOTICE PREPARATION 78
8. PICTURES AND VIEWS 80
9. NOTE MAKING AND SUMMARISING 82
10. ERROR SPOTTING 85
PART - IV
1. PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION 89
2. POEM COMPREHENSION 90

DRILL BOOK 1
PART - I 1. SYNONYMS Mark : 1
Self - Evaluation
Choose the correct synonyms for the underlined words from the options given.
SET – I
1. The son was now ascending the sky blazing warmly on his ledge.
a) bluntly
b) dimly c) hoping d) brightly

2. He wanted to go back to bed, I gripped his arm.

a) removed
b) advised
c) asked
d) grasped

3. After undergoing extensive sea trials, she was commissioned to the Indian Naval Service.
a) distant
b) severe c) playful d) wide-ranging

SET – II
1. It has become essential to do so,’ Aditya replied.
a) involved
b) invited c) important
d) pleasure

2. It is essential that much of his spare time is spent in the performing arts!
a) object
b) original
c) sudden d) extra

3. ....... but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school.
a) stayed
b) rushed
c) slowed d) pulled

SET – III
1. But it was the gaunt face staring from the bed that brought chill to my heart.
a) strong
b) fat c) lean d) talkative
2. His log gray legs stepped daintily, trying to find some means of reaching his parents.
a) strongly b) slowly c) hardly d) delicately
3. There were the steps of a man walking rapidly around the dining-table downstairs.
a) quickly
b) slowly c) unnoticed d) stealthily
SET – IV
1. The sea does not discriminate between genders.
a) accept
b) refused c) distinguish
d) lessen

2. Peering intently at Aditya, Sasanka Sanyal Smiled and said, ‘I had recognised you.’
a) looking
b) smiling c) jumping
d) running
3. India’s disabled are deprived by attitudinal barriers.

a) accepted
b) denied
c) depended
d) confused

SET – V
1. ....... you pretend to be Frenchmen, and yet you can neither speak nor write your own language?’
a) act
b) say
c) mould
d) make

2. How ignorant you are! Watson!” he said with a groan.

a) happiness
b) moan
c) fever d) understanding


2 SURYA ENGLISH
3.
After a minute or so he uttered a joyful scream.
a) fell b) laughed c) made d) jumped
PART - I

SET – VI
1.
Its advent caused my mother to throw a shoe through a window.
a) sight
b) venture c) arrival d) talk

2.
How well were you acquainted with the sail boat before you took up the task?
a) accepted
b) rejected
c) tried d) familiar

3.
The jeweller remarked that it was an antique.
a) new
b) fresh c) broken
d) ancient

SET – VII
1.
Your refrigerator can order for milk if it is about to be exhausted.
a) drained
b) controlled c) average d) denied

2.
....... that I should never see him again, made me forget all about his rules and how cranky he was.
a) happy
b) sad c) irritable d) friendship
3.
Then I sat in silent dejection until the stipulated time had passed.
a) unhappiness
b) happiness c) words d) situation

SET – VIII
1.
He turned his beak sideways and crowed amusedly.
a) sadly
b) slowly c) fast d) happily

2.
At regular intervals a board creaked, when it was trod upon.
a) seen
b) kept c) left d) walked

3.
We were absolutely awestruck as we were not expecting it to see the entire sky lit up in green light.
a) moved
b) laughing c) cursed d) fascinated

SET – IX
1.
SasankaSamyal was amazed.
a) controlled
b) involved c) astonished
d) casual

2.
Technology is a boon to citizens with special needs.
a) curse
b) notorious c) famous d) blessing

3.
....... in the same grave and gentle tone which he had used to me,
a) serious
b) internal c) external
d) excited

SET – X
1.
....... bearing on with all his might, he wrote as large as he could —* “Vive La France!”
a) strength
b) kindness c) cruelty
d) weakness
2.
Then I sat in silent dejection until the stipulated time had passed.
a) known
b) unknown
c) specified
d) wrong

3.
His long gray legs stepped daintily, trying to find some means of reaching his parents.
a) strongly
b) slowly
c) hardly
d) delicately

*****

DRILL BOOK 3
PART - I 2. ANTONYMS Mark : 1
Self - Evaluation
Choose the correct antonyms for the underlined words from the options given.
SET – I
1. Now and again, she tore at a piece of fish that lay at her feet.
a) made
b) pulled
c) pushed d) attached

2. The steps had ceased.

a) stopped
b) slipped
c) started
d) broken

3. We were given training to deal with when the weather gets rough.
a) tight
b) soft
c) loose d) low

SET – II
1. ‘Of course’ said the gentleman, ‘The spoilt child of affluent parents.
a) rich
b) well-known
c) helping
d) poor

2. Anything which is below certain threshold can be self-ordered by the appliance.

a) doubtful
b) sure c) strong d) weak

3. ------had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school.

a) appeal
b) control
c) reject d) accept

SET – III
1. How ignorant you are!
a) foolish
b) clear c) weak
d) knowledgeable

2. He turned his beak sideways and crowed amusedly.

a) happily
b) uninterestingly
c) interestingly d) thinking

3. I supposed at first that it was my father or my brother Roy, who had gone to Indianapolis but were
expected home at any time.
a) inexpected
b) accepted
c) ready
d) unexpected
SET – IV
1. They were the steps of a man walking rapidly around the dining-table downstairs.
a) quickly
b) slowly
c) promptly d) swiftly
2. We witnessed the brilliant Southern Lights from sea.

a) bright
b) dull c) simple d) ruminant

3. The sun was soothing.

a) comforting
b) agitated
c) calming
d) restful

SET – V
1. With eyes dilated he began to recite a poem by Tagore – Panraksha.
a) widened
b) softened
c) contracted
d) shining


4 SURYA ENGLISH
2.
David became a confident and competent communicator.
a) sure b) doubtful c) fast d) slow
PART - I

3.
....... when school began, there was a great bustle,
a) calmness
b) commotion
c) instigation d) information

SET – VI
1.
Then, I hurried by as fast as I could go,
a) pushed
b) leisurely c) pulled
d) rush

2.
I hope you will be able to persuade him to come.
a) follow
b) request c) plead d) dissuade

3.
He screamed with fright and attempted to rise again.
a) fearlessness
b) flight c) findings
d) fearful

SET – VII
1.
There he had found a dried piece of mackerel.
a) fresh
b) drained c) withered
d) denied

2.
Instantly the steps began again, circled the dining-room table like a man running,
a) immediately
b) suddenly c) slowly d) calmly
3.
It was rare to watch that in those months.
a) common
b) uncommon
c) acceptable
d) informed

SET – VIII
1.
You don’t have to use any auxiliary means of repulsion.
a) refusal
b) disgust c) dislike d) attraction

2.
The owner of the tea shop was a little rustic in appearance.
a) sophisticated
b) old c) new d) rural

3.
David became a confident and competent communicator.
a) incapable
b) capable
c) consultant
d) fast

SET – IX
1.
It would have been frustrating and difficult.
a) annoying
b) satisfying
c) irritating
d) vexing

2.
....... he had never explained everything with so much patience.
a) calmness
b) agitated
c) empower d) bold

3.
I saw a frail man with bald head sitting.
a) weak
b) thin c) strong
d) neat

SET – X
1.
The whole family had walked about on the big plateau laughing at his cowardice.
a) fearfulness
b) weakness
c) bravery
d) timidity

2.
The light still shone palely down the stairs.
a) brightly
b) lightly c) heavily
d) happily

3.
We were absolutely awestruck to see the entire sky lit up in green light.
a) wholly
b) completely c) partly d) justice


DRILL BOOK 5
SET – XI
1. It collected wave data on regular basis for accurate weather forecast.
a) scattered
b) gathered
c) noted d) rejected

2. ‘This was my favourite room.’ said Aditya.

a) dislike
b) like c) resting
d) playing

3. It is also a boon to citizens with special needs.

a) blessing
b) praise
c) curse
d) burden

*****
PART - I 3. PLURAL Mark : 1
Irregular plural nouns are nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es, as most nouns in the
English language do.
We are probably familiar with many of these already.
• For example, the plural form of ‘man’ is ‘men’, not mans. The plural form of ‘woman’ is ‘women’, not

womans.
There are hundreds of irregular plural nouns, and in truth, you must memorize them through reading
and speaking. There are, however, some common patterns to look out for.
Examples of irregular plural nouns
• Some irregular nouns take on the plural form by first changing the last letter of the word before

adding “s.” Words that end in “f” are a good example of this case. To make such a word plural, you
change the “f” to “ve” and add an “s.”
Irregular plural nouns that end in ves:
• More than one elf = elves
• More than one shelf = shelves

• More than one calf = calves

• More than one wolf = wolves

• More than one knife = knives

• More than one loaf = loaves

• More than one loaf = loaves

Irregular nouns made plural by changing vowels, changing the word, or adding a different ending:
• More than one man = men
• More than one tooth = teeth

• More than one person = people

• More than one louse = lice

• More than one mouse = mice

• More than one cactus = cacti

• More than one child = children

• More than one appendix = appendices

• More than one foot = feet

• More than one ox = oxen

• More than one goose = geese

Regular plurals:
The general rule for making a noun plural is that if the word ends in s, x, z, ch or sh, add an “es”.
• bless = blesses
• dish = dishes

• box = boxes
• buzz = buzzes

• catch = catches

An exception to this rule is if the ‘ch’ ending is pronounced with a “k” sound you add “s” rather than “es”
• stomach = stomachs


6 SURYA ENGLISH
If the word ends in a consonant (all letters except a, e, i, o, u) plus “y,” then change the “y” to an “i”
and add the letters “es”
PART - I
• baby = babies
• candy = candies

For all other non-irregular nouns, simply add an “s” to the end of the word
• cat = cats
• dog = dogs

Irregular Plurals
• Certain words do not follow the above rules for regular plurals. There are some common types of

irregular plurals that occur, and some words simply have no plural form at all.
• While it is useful to memorize the common irregular plurals, for many words we simply have to know

and understand that it is an irregular plural as a result of speaking and hearing English.
Un-count Nouns
Un-count nouns, also called collective nouns, have no plural form because they are assumed to be
plural. Most abstract nouns are un-count nouns.
• hair

• grass

• mud

• dress (when referring to a style of dress, not when referring to a clothing item that hangs in your

closet)
• If we are talking about multiple varieties or types of these irregular plurals, we cannot make them

plural by adding an “s” or “es” to the end. Instead, you need to make them plural by adding a
descriptive phrase.
For example:
• There are many different styles of hair.

• There are several varieties of grass.

• There are three different kinds of mud.

• The ancient people had a few types of styles of dress.

Unchanging Nouns
Certain other nouns have the same plural form as singular form.
A large number of animals happen to follow this rule. For example:
• deer is “deer” whether singular or plural.

• fish is “fish” whether singular or plural.

• bison is “bison” whether singular or plural.

• moose is “moose” whether singular or plural.

• elk is “elk” whether singular or plural.

Other Irregular Plurals

For many words that end in “us,” change the “us” to an “i” (especially if it comes from a Latin word).
There are exceptions to this rule and it is becoming more acceptable to add “es” instead of changing
to “i.”
• cactus = cacti

• fungus = fungi

• syllabus = syllabi

For nouns that end in “o” you add either “s” or “es”. (Generally, most nouns ending in “o” just add “s”
to make the plural, especially if there’s a vowel before the final “o”)
• zoo = zoos
• tomato = tomatoes

• studio = studios
• potato = potatoes


DRILL BOOK 7
Some words ending in “o” can be spelled either way.

• banjo = banjos or banjoes
•
flamingo = flamingos or flamingoes
For many words that end in “is,” change the “is” to an “es”.
• hypothesis = hypotheses

• oasis = oases

• crisis = crises

Nouns that end in “um” often become plural by changing “um” to “a”.
• bacterium = bacteria

• medium = media

• curriculum = curricula

The best way to learn and understand irregular plurals is to practice speaking the English language, to
read a great deal, to pay attention to words and phrases that you see and hear and to assemble a list
of words with irregular plurals so you can begin to understand how to make each noun plural correctly.
Compound words:
• woman doctor – women doctors
•
man-eater – man-eaters

• son-in-law
– sons-in-law
• on-looker
– on-lookers

• cupful
– cupfuls

Some of the irregular nouns with plural forms:

addendum addenda / addendums aircraft aircraft
alumna alumnae alumnus alumni
analysis analyses antenna antennae / antennas
antithesis antitheses apex apices / apexes
appendix appendices or appendixes axis axes
bacillus bacilli bacterium bacteria
basis bases beau beaux / beaus
bison bison bureau bureaux / bureaus
cactus cacti / cactus / cactuses château châteaux
child children codex codices
concerto concerti / concertos corpus corpora
crisis crises criterion criteria / criterions
curriculum curricula / curriculums datum data
deer deer diagnosis diagnoses
die dice / dies dwarf dwarves / dwarfs
ellipsis ellipses erratum errata
faux pas faux pas fez fezzes
fish fish / ‘fishes’ (when varieties of focus foci / focuses
fishes are meant)
foot feet / foot formula formulae / formulas
fungus fungi / funguses genus genera
goose geese graffito graffiti
grouse grouse / grouses half halves

8 SURYA ENGLISH
hoof hooves or hoofs hypothesis hypotheses

PART - I
index indices / indexes larva larvae
libretto libretti / librettos loaf loaves
locus loci louse lice
man men matrix matrices / matrixes
medium media / mediums memorandum memoranda / memorandums
minutia minutiae moose moose
mouse mice nebula nebulae / nebulas
nucleus nuclei / nucleuses oasis oases
offspring offspring opus opera / opuses
ovum ova ox oxen / ox
parenthesis parentheses phenomenon phenomena
phylum phyla quiz quizzes
radius radii / radiuses referendum referenda / referendums
salmon salmon / salmons scarf scarves / scarfs
self selves series series
sheep sheep shrimp shrimp / shrimps
species species stimulus stimuli
stratum strata swine swine
syllabus syllabi / syllabuses symposium symposia / symposiums
synopsis synopses tableau tableaux / tableaus
thesis theses thief thieves
tooth teeth trout trout ortrouts
tuna tuna / tunas vertebra vertebrae / vertebras
vertex vertices / vertexes vita vitae
vortex vortices / vortexes wharf wharves / wharfs
wife wives wolf wolves
woman women
Exercise with Answer

Choose the correct plural of the given word.
1. locus a) locuses b) loci c) locae
2. focus a) focuses b) focae c) foci
3. medium a) mediums b) media c) mediae
4. fungus a) fungi b) fungae c) funguss
5. criterion a) criterions b) criteriae c) criteria
6. crisis a) crisae b) crises c) crise
7. stratum a) stratas b) stratii c) strata
8. memorandum a) memorundum b) memoranda c) memorandums

DRILL BOOK 9
9. index a) indices b) indexs c) indice

10. thief
a) thiefs b) thiefes c) thieves
11. alumnus
a) alumns b) alumni c) alum
12. man servant
a) man servants b) men servant c) men servants
13. deer
a) deer b) deers c) deeres
14. erratum
a) errates b) errata c) errati
15. aquarium
a) aquariums b) aquari c) aquaria
Answers
1. b 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. c 11. b 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. c
Self - Evaluation
Choose the correct plural of the given word.
1. axis a) axies b) axes c) axcies
2. terminus a) termini b) terminuses c) terminuss
3. aquarium a) aquarias b) aquaria/aquariums c) aquaries
4. sheep a) sheep b) sheeps c) sheepes
5. swine a) swine b) swinis c) swiness
6. datum a) datas b) data c) datums
7. spoonful a) spoonsful b) spoonsfuls c) spoonfuls
8. spectacles a) spectacle b) spectacles c) spectacless
9. scissors a) scissor b) scissors c) scissores
10. series
a) seriess b) series c) serisses
11. cupful
a) cupsfuls b) cupsful c) cupfuls
12. innings
a) inningae b) inninges c) innings
13. curriculum
a) curricula b) curriculums c) curriculume
14. goose
a) gooses b) goose c) geese
15. basis
a) basiss b) bases c) basises
16. radius
a) radii
b) radi c) radies
17. formula
a) formule b) formulae/formulas c) formulaes
18. bacterium
a) bacteria b) bactorias c) bactories
19. syllabus
a) syllabies b) syllabi/syllabuses c) syllabuss
20. child
a) childs b) children c) childes
*****

10 SURYA ENGLISH
PART - I 4. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

PART - I
Mark : 1
Prefix
A prefix is a group of letters (or an affix) that’s added to the beginning of a word, and a suffix is an affix
that’s added to the end of a word.
Prefixes modify the meaning of a word. They can make a word negative, show repetition, or indicate
opinion. Some suffixes add to or change a word’s meaning. Others can signal the word’s part of speech
or indicate verb tense.
PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES

ante- before antenatal, anteroom, antedate
anti- against, opposing antibiotic, antidepressant, antidote
circum- around circumstance, circumvent, circumnavigate
co- with co-worker, co-pilot, co-operation
de- off, down, away from devalue, defrost, derail, demotivate
dis- opposite of, not disagree, disappear, disintegrate, disapprove
em-, en- cause to, put into embrace, encode, embed, enclose, engulf
epi- upon, close to, after epicentre, episcope, epidermis
ex- former, out of ex-president, ex-boyfriend, exterminate
extra- beyond, more than extracurricular, extraordinary, extra-terrestrial
fore- before forecast, forehead, foresee, foreword, foremost
homo- same homosexual, homonuclear, homoplastic
hyper- over, above hyperactive, hyperventilate
il-, im-, in-, ir- not impossible, illegal, irresponsible, indefinite
im-, in- into insert, import, inside
infra- beneath, below infrastructure, infrared, infrasonic, infraspecific
inter-, intra- between interact, intermediate, intergalactic, intranet
macro- large macroeconomics, macromolecule
micro- small microscope, microbiology, microfilm, microwave
mid- middle midfielder, midway, midsummer
mis- wrongly misinterpret, misfire, mistake, misunderstand
mono- one, singular monotone, monobrow, monolithic
non- not, without nonsense, nonentity, nondescript
omni- all, every omnibus, omnivore, omnipotent
para- beside parachute, paramedic, paradox
post- after post-mortem, postpone, post-natal
pre- before prefix, predetermine, pre-intermediate
re- again return, rediscover, reiterate, reunite
semi- half semicircle, semi-final, semiconscious
sub- under submerge, submarine, sub-category, subtitle

DRILL BOOK 11
super- above, over superfood, superstar, supernatural, superimpose

therm- heat thermometer, thermostat, thermodynamic
trans- across, beyond transport, transnational, transatlantic
tri- three triangle, tripod, tricycle
un- not unfinished, unfriendly, undone, unknown
uni- one unicycle, universal, unilateral, unanimous

Attach a prefix to the word in bold letters from the list to complete the sentence.
1. This is a ___standard hotel.
a) sub-
b) un- c) mis-
d) dis-

2. Women should be ___powered nowadays.

a) sub-
b) em c) ir-
d) in-

3. My father has ___tension.

a) ultra-
b) hyper-
c) mis-
d) sub-

4. ___form the sentence into passive voice.

a) sub-
b) un- c) inter-
d) trans-

5. The cycle should be ___hauled.

a) sub-
b) ex-
c) in-
d) over-

6. Nowadays ___vision plays a major role in education.

a) ex-
b) inter-
c) multi- d) tele-

7. I do not have sufficient amount of money in the bank so I feel ___ secure.
a) un-
b) in-
c) dis- d) im-

Answers
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. d 5. d 6. d 7. b
Self - Evaluation
Attach a prefix to the word in bold letters from the list to complete the sentence.
1. ___planned action leads to success.
a) un-
b) im- c) dis-
d) pre-

2. You should not worry about ___wanted things in your life.

a) dis-
b) im-
c) ir- d) un-

3. we consider God is ___potent.

a) un-
b) en- c) mis-
d) omni-

4. The teacher was unhappy with Swetha because she was ___regular.
a) un-
b) re- c) ir- d) mis-

5. Ramu was ___judged by the magistrate in the theft case.

a) re-
b) de- c) un- d) mis-


12 SURYA ENGLISH
6. He taught the ___formation of simple into complex.

a) inter- b) ultra- c) trans- d) sub-
PART - I

7. The army was ___forced to surrender.

a) en-
b) dis- c) mis-
d) ir-

8. The manager gave a ___dated cheque.

a) post-
b) re- c) mis-
d) de-

9. He is very ___responsible.
a) a-
b) af- c) ir-
d) of-

10. Nothing is ___possible in this world.

a) re- b) dis- c) im-

d) in-

Suffix
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters that is usually attached to the end of a word to form a new word,
as well as alter the way it functions grammatically.
Words with suffixes
• Depending on whether it is a noun, verb, adjective or adverb, a different suffix would be required.

For example, the verb read can be altered to become the noun reader by adding the suffix -er.
• The same verb can also be turned into the adjective readable by adding the suffix -able.

Noun Suffixes
SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE

-acy state or quality democracy, accuracy, lunacy
-al the action or process of remedial, denial, trial, criminal
-ance, -ence state or quality of nuisance, ambience, tolerance
-dom place or state of being freedom, stardom, boredom
-er, -or person or object that does a specified reader, creator, interpreter, inventor,
action collaborator, teacher
-ism doctrine, belief Judaism, scepticism, escapism
-ist person or object that does a specified Geologist, protagonist, sexist, scientist,
action theorist, communist
-ity, -ty quality of extremity, validity, enormity
-ment condition enchantment, argument
-ness state of being heaviness, highness, sickness
-ship position held friendship, hardship, internship
-sion, -tion state of being position, promotion, cohesion
Verb Suffixes

-ate become mediate, collaborate, create
-en become sharpen, strengthen, loosen
-ify, -fy make or become justify, simplify, magnify, satisfy
-ise, -ize become publicise, synthesise, hypnotise

DRILL BOOK 13
Adjective Suffixes
-able, -ible capable of being edible, fallible, incredible, audible
-al having the form or character of fiscal, thermal, herbal, colonial
-esque in a manner of or resembling picturesque, burlesque, grotesque
-ful notable for handful, playful, hopeful, skilful
-ic, -ical having the form or character of psychological, hypocritical, methodical,
nonsensical, musical
-ious, -ous characterised by pious, jealous, religious, ridiculous
-ish having the quality of squeamish, sheepish, childish
-ive having the nature of inquisitive, informative, attentive
-less without meaningless, hopeless, homeless
-y characterised by dainty, beauty, airy, jealousy
Adverb Suffixes

-ly related to or quality softly, slowly, happily, crazily, madly
-ward, -wards direction towards, afterwards, backwards, inward
-wise in relation to otherwise, likewise, clockwise

Attach a suffix to the word in bold letters from the list given below to complete the sentence.
1. The sun has bright___.

a) ___ment
b) ___less
c) ___ness
d) ___ous

2. The fund is credit___ to my account.

a) ___ion
b) ___able
c) ___ment
d) ___ty

3. The secret___ should be maintained.

a) ___ion
b) ___ly
c) ___ment
d) ___y

4. The narrate___; of the story is quite thrilling.

a) ___ion
b) ___ly
c) ___ment
d) ___ty

5. His shirt is colour___.

a) ___ion
b) ___ly
c) ___ful
d) ___ty

6. The craftsman___ of the doll is really wonderful.

a) ___ion
b) ___ly c) ___ship
d) ___ty

7. She bought a hand___ of thing.

a) ___ion
b) ___ly c) ___ment
d) ___ful

Answers
1. c 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. c 7. d

14 SURYA ENGLISH
Self - Evaluation
PART - I
Attach a suffix to the word in bold letters from the list given below to complete the sentence.
1. The child has attach___ with her father.
a) ___ion
b) ___ly c) ___ment
d) ___ty

2. The thirst is quench___.

a) ___ly
b) ___ity c) ___able
d) ___ness

3. In real___, he is a cheat.
a) ___ly
b) ___ity c) ___ty
d) ___ise

4. The master comes to the class punctual___.

a) ___ise
b) ___ness c) ___ion
d) ___ly

5. He can visual___ anything seen by him.

a) ___ish
b) ___ise c) ___able
d) ___ity

6. The duck___ swam fast.

a) ___ly
b) ___ty c) ___ness
d) ___ling

7.
She has been hospital___.
a) ___ion
b) ___ised c) ___ness
d) ___y

8. The water is salt___.

a) ___er
b) ___al
c) ___y
d) __some

9. I was moved by his act of kind___.

a) ___ness
b) ___some
c) ___al
d) ___ful

10. We should follow health___ habits.

a) ___ful b) ___ly
c) ___y
d) __ ness

*****
PART - I 5. ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS Mark : 1
Abbreviations
An abbreviation is the short form of a phrase. Normally it is made of the first letters of each word of
the phrase leaving the articles and prepositions.
• B.A is formed from
‘Bachelor of Arts’
• B.B.C. is formed from ‘British Broadcasting Corporation’

Abbreviation cannot be read as a word.

If we can read any abbreviation as a separate word, it is named as acronym.
Acronyms
•
AIDS is an acronym made from Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
As we can read AIDS as a word it is acronym.

DRILL BOOK 15
Abbreviations / Expansions
Acronyms
AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
CAD Computer Aided Designing
CD Compact Disk
CPU Central Processing Unit
B.E Bachelor of Engineering
B. Sc Bachelor of Science
B.Com Bachelor of Commerce
M.B.A Master of Business Administration
M.C.A Master of Computer Application
B.Ed Bachelor of Education
M.Phil Master of Philosophy
I.A.S Indian Administrative Service
I.P.S Indian Police Service
I.F.S Indian Foreign Service/Indian Forest Service
N.D.A National Defence Academy
TOEFL Test of English as Foreign Language
IELTS International English Language Testing System
GATE Graduate Aptitude Test for Engineering
CAT Common Aptitude Test
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
WHO World Health Organisation
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
NSS National Service Scheme
SSA Serva Siksha Abiyan
RMSA Rastra Madiabic SikshaAbiyan
UNO United Nations Organiation
NCC National Cadets Corps
SMS Short Message Service
TNPSC Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
AVADI Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India
MLA Member of Legislative Assembly
MP Member of Parliament
LAN Local Area Network
TANSI Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries

16 SURYA ENGLISH
UGC University Grants Commission

PART - I
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply

VIP Very Important Person
PIN Postal Index Number
RRB Railway Recruitment Board
RAM Random Access Memory
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation
BPO Business Process Outsourcing
CAA Citizenship Amendment Act

1. The right expansion of RRB is
a) Rails and Reservation Board
b) Record and Revenue Board

c) Railway Recruitment Board

d) Roadways and Railways Bureau

2. The common expansion of RAM is

a) Read Only Memory
b) Read Access Memory

c) Rapid Accurate Memory

d) Random Access Memory

3. The common expansion of ISRO is

a) International Satellite Research Organisation
b) Indian Space Research Organisation

c) Indian Social Research Organisation

d) Indian Southern Railway Organisation

4. The common expansion of BPO is :

a) Bank Process Outsourcing
b) Better Process Outsourcing

c) Business Process Outsourcing

d) Boyle Process Outsourcing

5. The common expansion of TANSI is

a) Tamil Nadu Science Institution
b) Tamil Nadu Small Scale Industries

c) Tamil Nadu Scheme Institution

d) Tamil Nadu Savings Information

6. The common expansion of CAT is

a) Common Aptitude Test
b) Computer Aptitude Test

c) Computer Accuracy Test

d) Computer Accessories Test

7. The common expansion of ILO is

a) International Law and Order
b) International Labour Organisation

c) Indian Legal Organisation

d) Interstate Lawful Ordinance

8. The common expansion of SBI is

a) State Bank of India
b) State Branch Instructor

c) State Business Institute

d) Southern bank of India

9. The right expansion of PIN is

a) Population Index Number
b) Postal Index Number

c) Poor Identification Notice

c) Physics Internal Note

10. Which of the following is the right expansion of PA?

a) Personal Ambassador
b) Private Affair
c) Personal Assistant
d) Public Apartment

DRILL BOOK 17
Answers
1. c 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. c
Self - Evaluation
1. The common expansion of CAD is
a) Computer Aided Disk
b) Common Area for Drainage

c) Computer Aided Designing

d) Computer Aided Drawing

2. The common expansion of CD is

a) Compact Device
b) Common Device
c) Complex Disk
d) Compact Disk

3. The common expansion of CPU is

a) Centre of public Union
b) Central Processing Unit

c) Central Public Utility

d) Central providence University

4. The common expansion of BE is

a) Bring Energy
b) Bachelor of Engineering

c) Burst Energy
d) Bachelor of Environment

5. The common expansion of B.Sc is

a) Bachelor of Science
b) Beginner of Science

c) Buyer of Science equipment

d) Bottom Scene

6. The common expansion of B.Com is

a) Broken of Commerce
b) Bachelor of Commerce

c) Baton of Commander
d) Battered Comedian

7. The common expansion of MBA is

a) Member of Bachelors’ Association
b) Member of Business Administration

c) Master of Business Administration

d) Master of Business Advancement

8. The common expansion of MCA is

a) Master of Computer Application
b) Member of Computer Association

c) Money for Corporation Account

d) Method of Company Act

9. The common expansion of B. Ed is

a) Business Editorial
b) Beginner in Education

c) Bound Edition
d) Bachelor of Education

10. The common expansion of M. Phil is

a) Member of Philanthropy
b) Manner of Philanthropist

c) Master of Philosophy
d) Member Philosopher

11. The common expansion of IAS is

a) Indian Administrative Service

b) Indian Admiral Service

c) Indian Agricultural Service

d) Indian Ammunition service

12. The common expansion of IPS is

a) Indian Police Squad

b) Indian Police Service

c) Indian Programme for Squash

d) Identification of Pageantry Squad

13. The common expansion of IFS is

a) Indian Forest Service

b) Indian Fuel Scheme

c) Indian Forest Squad

d) Indian Formidable Squad


18 SURYA ENGLISH
14. The common expansion of NDA is

a) National Defence Agency b) National Department of Agriculture

PART - I

c) National Defence Academy

d) National Development of Agriculture

15. The common expansion of TOEFL is

a) Test of England as Foreign Land

b) Testing often English as Foreign Language

c) Test of English as Foreign Language

d) Taste of Eating Foreign Lollipop

16. The common expansion of GATE is

a) Games and Athletics Team of Europe

b) Graduate Aptitude Test for Engineering

c) Global Application of Testing Energy

d) Global Association for Testing Energy

17. The common expansion of UPS is

a) Union Public Service

b) Uninterrupted Power Supply

c) University Public Service

d) Unknown Power Supply

18. The common expansion of UGC is

a) Union Grants Commission

b) University Grants Call

c) Uninterrupted Grants Commission

d) University Grants Commission

19. The common expansion of NASA is

a) National Association of Space Administration

b) National Aeronautics and Space Administration

c) Names of absentees of School Academics

d) Natural Affectation on Sports Accounts

20. The common expansion of UNO is

a) Union of Nature Organisation

b) University of Natural Organisms

c) United Nations Organs

d) United Nations Organisation

21. The common expansion of NCC is

a) National Cadets Corps

b) Natural Common Community

c) National Corporation of Computers

d) National Cooking Corporation

22. The common expansion of SMS is

a) Simple Message Service

b) Simple and Minimum Service

c) Short Message Service.

d) Short Membership Service.

23. The common expansion of TNPSC is

a) Tamilnadu Public Service Commission

b) Tamilnadu Public Schools Commission

c) Tamilnadu Publishing Service Control

d) Tamilnadu Publishing Service Commission

24. The common expansion of IELTS is

a) International Energy Limiting Treaty Scheme

b) Indian English Language Testing System

c) International Empowering Language Team System

d) International English Language Testing System

25. The common expansion of AVADI is

a) Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India

b) Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Development of India

c) Armed Vehicles Always Depending on India

d) Agreeable Vapour And Development in India

*****

DRILL BOOK 19
PART - I 6. PHRASAL VERBS Mark : 1
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs are phrases that indicate actions.
They are generally used in spoken English and informal texts. Examples of such verbs turn down, come
across run into, etc.,
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb and a preposition or an adverb.
Verb Preposition/adverb
get up
go through
write down
take after
Sometimes phrasal verbs consist of three elements:
Verb Preposition / adverb 1 Preposition / adverb 2
look forward to
put up with
sit in for
Phrasal verb Meaning Phrasal verb Meaning

abide by accept or follow a decision or fall behind make less progress
rule
account for to explain fall for be attracted to
act upon affect figure out understand
agree with suit one’s health fool around not being serious
back away retreat or go backwards get across communicate successfully
back up make a copy of computer data get ahead progress
support
bail out save, rescue get along have a good relationship
bang on talk at great length get at find out, criticise
bank on count or rely on get away escape
bear up resist pressure get back return
bear with be patient get in arrive, enter a vehicle
black out fall unconscious lose sight get off escape punishment, leave a
vehicle
blow out extinguish candles, matches get on continue doing something
blow up explode get over solve, find a solution
book into make a reservation in advance get through succeed, contact
bottle up not express your feelings give away distribute something free
bounce back recover give in surrender, accept defeat

20 SURYA ENGLISH
break away leave an organisation give up discontinue something

PART - I
Break down End negotiations unsuccessfully give way collapse, break

break in enter a building by force inter- go about circulate
rupt something or somebody
break off break a piece from something go ahead continue
end a relationship
break out start suddenly go for select, choose
break pass a barrier or obstacle go into discuss in detail
through
Beak up break into many pieces finish go on continue
relationship
brighten up become happier go through read again, examine
bring about make something happen hand out distribute
bring down make something cheaper hang stay in a place
around
bring out release, publish harp on talk repeatedly about something
bring out elicit a response knocked demolish
down
bring up mention, raise a child lives for believe something is very import-
ant
build up increase look after take care of
burn out lose energy look into investigate
call for demand, require telephone for make for produce a result or situation
something
call off cancel make out understand in detail
call on visit make up invent a story, put on cosmetics
call upon ask someone to do something mix up confuse
care for like opt for choose
carry on continue part with give something sway
carry out perform pass away die
catch up reach someone who is ahead of pass by miss opportunity
you
check in enter a hotel to stay patch up fix or make things better
(into)
check out leave the hotel pull back move away from someone
chill out relax pull down demolish
chip in contribute some money, to some pull through recover from illness or problem
discussion
come across find someone accidentally put off postpone
come along accompany put up erect a building
come become conscious put up with tolerate
around

DRILL BOOK 21
count on depend on roll back reduce, remove, retreat

cut back reduce rule out exclude a possibility
cut in interrupt run into meet by accident
die for want something a lot run out of have none left out
do up repair and renovate see to deal with something
draw up stop a vehicle stand by support someone
drop in pay a short visit stand for represent
drop out quit a course, withdraw standing for substitute someone temporarily
dry up stop being supplied with some- take after similar appearance
thing, unable to speak
fall about laugh a lot turn down refuse
fall back retreat wait on serve someone

Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate phrasal verb given below.
1. I will __________ the dictionary for the meaning of this word.
a) look upon
b) look up to
c) look up
d) look at

2. I cannot __________ your laziness.

a) put off
b) put forward
c) put out
d) put up with

3. Students should know how to __________ with their classmates.

a) get on
b) get up c) get back
d) get into

4. We should __________ the poor when they are in trouble.

a) stand in
b) stand by c) stand for
d) stand up

5. Everybody should __________ the bad habit of smoking.

a) give up
b) give in c) give away
d) give out

6. The match was __________ due to heavy rain.

a) put up
b) put up with
c) put on d) put off

7. The boxer __________ to the technique of his opponent.

a) gave on
b) gave back c) gave in
d) gave up

8. The advocate __________ the case cleverly.

a) dealt in
b) dealt with c) dealt out
d) dealt on

9. My old grandmother is sick but I hope she will __________

a) pull through
b) pull up
c) pull off d) pull in

10. The plane __________ as schedule.

a) took away
b) took apart
c) took in
d) took off

Answers
1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. d

22 SURYA ENGLISH
Self - Evaluation
PART - I
Complete the following sentence with the most appropriate phrasal verb given below.
1. We should __________ our reason.

a) account for
b) account in
c) account of
d) account up

2. Potato does not _______ my health.

a) agree in
b) gree up
c) agree with
d) agree of

3. The alliance party ____________ from the ruling party.

a) backed in
b) backed out
c) backed with
d) backed at

4. The medicine did not _________ the sick man.

a) act in
b) act at
c) act out
d) act upon

5. The terrorists _________ the bridge.

a) blew out
b) blew up
c) blew with
d) blew at

6. We have to _________ the rules of the school.

a) abide by
b) abide on
c) abide with
d) abide in

7. The government had to __________ the air line because it was losing so much money.
a) bail of
b) bail in
c) bail out
d) bail at

8. We will __________ the problem to find out a solution.

a) look out
b) look for
c) look at
d) look into

9. We ________ our uncle yesterday.

a) called in
b) called on
c) called at
d) called away

10. Our teacher asked us to __________ the project work.

a) carry in
b) carry away
c) carry at
d) carry on

11. The police car _________ near the accident site.

a) drew up
b) drew at
c) drew in
d) drew out

12. She could not __________ the meaning of the letter.

a) figure in
b) figure at
c) figure up
d) figure out

13. We have _________ sugar. I am going to the market to buy some sugar.

a) run into
b) run after
c) run out of
d) run at

14. K. L. Rghul had to ____________ captain because Kholi was hurt.

a) stand for
b) stand in
c) stand by
d) stand at

15. The old building was _________ by the corporation workers.

a) pull up
b) pull through
c) pull at
d) pull down

*****

DRILL BOOK 23
PART - I 7. COMPOUND WORDS Mark : 1
Compound Words
A compound word is formed when two words are combined to make a new word. It is one of the ways in
which the English language is flexible and always changing, as compound words allow people to create
new words as the need arises.
There are three types of compound words: closed form, open form, and hyphenated.
Closed Compound Words
Closed compound words look like one word. At one point, these words weren’t used together, but

they’re now accepted as a “real word” in the English language.

Closed compound words are usually made up of only two words. Here are some closed compound
examples.
• notebook
• bookstore

• superman
• fireman
Open Compound Words

An open compound word is created in cases when the modifying adjective is used with its noun to
create a new noun. This isn’t quite the same as a noun with a modifying adjective.
We just use a space between the adjective and the noun, so sometimes it can be hard to identify as a
compound; however, if the two words are commonly used together, it’s considered to be a compound
word.
• living room
• dinner table

• full moon
• coffee mug

Hyphenated Compound Words

There are a great many grammar rules regarding hyphens in compound words.
One important rule of thumb to remember is that in most cases, a compound adjective is hyphenated
if placed before the noun it modifies, but not if placed after the noun.
• son-in-law
• But…

• a long-term solution
• This is not a good solution for the long term.

• an up-to-date user guide

• This user guide is not up to date.

Some of the common compound words

• lifetime
• meantime • blacksmith • honeymoon
• grandmother
• sometime • seashore • toothpick
• fireworks
• backward • watchmaker • toothpaste
• passport
• bypass • subway • dishwasher
• crosswalk
• airport • horseback • township
• moonlight
• playthings • silversmith • household
• sunflower
• footprints • headquarters • popcorn
• sweetmeat
• homemade • sandstone • airplane
• railroad
• scapegoat • limestone • housekeeper
• weatherman
• eyeballs • underground • bookcase
• earthquake
• keyboard • riverbanks • babysit

24 SURYA ENGLISH
•
lukewarm • bookstore • backache • bus stand
• honeydew • bookmark • washroom • milk shake
PART - I

•
thunderstorm • superstore • whitewash • call taxi
•
spokesperson • fortnight • blackmail • watchman
•
widespread • honeycomb • firehouse • bathroom
•
weekend • keyword • daylight • overcoat
•
hometown • lifeboat • daydream • outdoor
•
commonplace • lifelong • upheaval • washing machine
•
pacemaker • forehead • newspaper • browsing centre
•
supermarket • backside • teacup • visiting card
•
watchdog • undercut • headmaster • eve teasing
•
waterfall • underdog • police station • good-for-nothing
•
backtrack • eyesight • ice cream • down-to-earth
•
backdrop • airfield • kitchen garden • mother-in-law
•
underage • sunbathe • sunrise • father-in-law

Choose the suitable option to pair it with the given word to form a compound word.
1. air___ a) hostess b) hostel c) day d) park
2. hand___ a) read b) written c) learn d) box
3. over___ a) mask b) load c) road d) come
4. child___ a) right b) age c) hood d) good
5. safe___ a) heart b) guard c) god d) man
6. moon___ a) glow b) dark c) light d) shine
7.
river___ a) bad b) bed c) pool d) light
8. type___ a) write b) letter c) word d) story
9. land___ a) side b) mask c) mark d) site
10. ___food
a) pure b) sea c) water d) area
11. ___light
a) face b) pen c) star d) walk
12. ___boy
a) friend b) baby c) child d) school
13. ___will
a) good b) best c) do d) right
14. ___ware
a) inner b) soft c) star d) good
15. ___man
a) good b) gentle c) worst d) bad
Answers
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. b 8. a 9. c 10. b 11. c 12. d 13. a 14. b 15. b
Self - Evaluation
Choose the suitable option to pair it with the given word to form a compound word.
1. car a) street b) park c) house d) top
2. moon a) bed b) light c) hood d) port
3. child a) ship b) hood c) law d) game

DRILL BOOK 25
4. break a) car b) fast c) house d) stone
5. head a) role b) leader c) manager d) master
6. sea a) toll b) roar c) thunder d) food
7. air a) sea b) port c) pool d) loom
8. fast a) play b) food c) run d) cycle
9. kitchen a) ground b) garden c) smell d) air
10. walking
a) pole b) stick c) belt d) cane
11. gazing
a) goas b) star c) boy d) land
12. land a) hood b) mark c) load d) drive
13. soft a) play b) ware c) run d) cycle
14. water a) food b) stick c) fall

d) out
15. blue a) cane b) print c) see d) land
*****
PART - I 8. PREPOSITIONS Mark : 1
Prepositions
Preposition is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to
another word or element in the clause, as in ‘the man on the platform’, ‘she arrived after dinner’, ‘what
did you do it for?’
Type of Prepositions
Prepositions of Time
Basic examples of time prepositions include: at, on, in, before and after.
They are used to help indicate when something happened, happens or will happen.
It can get a little confusing though, as many different prepositions can be used.
Prepositions of time examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification. For example:
• I was born on July 4th, 1982.

• I was born in 1982.

• I was born at exactly 2am.

• I was born two minutes before my twin brother.

• I was born after the Great War ended.

The above makes it seem quite difficult, with five different prepositions used to indicate when something
happened.
However, there is a set of guidelines that can help decide which preposition to use:
For years, months, seasons, centuries and times of day, use the preposition in:
• I first met John in 1987.

• It’s always cold in January

• Easter falls in spring each year.


26 SURYA ENGLISH
•
The Second World War occurred in the 20th century.
• We eat breakfast in the morning.
PART - I

For days, dates and specific holiday days, use the preposition on.
• We go to school on Mondays, but not on Sunday

• Christmas is on December 25th.

• Buy me a present on my birthday.

For times, indicators of exception and festivals, use the preposition at:
• Families often argue at Christmas time.

• I work faster at night.

• Her shift finished at 7 pm.

Before and after are much easier to understand than the other examples of prepositions of time.
Both are used to explain when something happened, happens or will happen, but specifically in relation
to another thing.
• Before I discovered this hotel, I used to go straight home after work.

• We will not leave before 3pm.

•
David comes before Bryan in the line, but after Louise.
Preposition of time:
during, about, around, until and throughout.
• The concert will be staged throughout the month of May.

• I learned how to ski during the holidays.

• He usually arrives around 3pm.

• It was about six in the morning when we made it to bed.

•
The store is open until midnight.
Prepositions of place:
To confuse matters a bit, the most common prepositions to indicate time – on, at, in – are also the
most common prepositions to indicate position.
However, the rules are a little clearer as place prepositions are a more rigid concept than time prepositions.
Prepositions of place examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
• The cat is on the table.

• The dogs are in the kennel.

• We can meet at the crossroads.

The guidelines can be broken down as follows:

• On is used when referring to something with a surface:

• The sculpture hangs on the wall.

• The images are on the page.

•
The specials are on the menu, which is on the table.
In is used when referring to something that is inside or within confined boundaries. This could be
anything, even a country:
• Jim is in France, visiting his aunt in the hospital.

• The lime juice is in the jar in the fridge.

•
The girls play in the garden.

DRILL BOOK 27
At is used when referring to something at a specific point:

• The boys are at the entrance at the movie theater.

• He stood at the bus stop at the corner of Gandhi street.

•
We will meet at the airport.
Lots of other prepositions of place, such as under, over, inside, outside, above and below are used in
English. There is, however, a lot less confusion as they refer to rigid positions rather than abstract ones.
• The cat is under the table.
• They stepped outside the house.

• Put the sandwich over there.

• Major is ranked above corporal.

• The key is locked inside the car.

• He is waving at you from below the stairs.

Prepositions of Movement:
Prepositions of movement are quite easy to understand as they are less abstract than prepositions of
place and time.
Essentially, they describe how something or someone moves from one place to another.
The most commonly used preposition of movement is to, which usually serves to highlight that there is
movement towards a specific destination.
Prepositions of movement examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
• He has gone on vacation to France.

• She went to the bowling alley every Friday last summer.

• I will go to bed when I am tired.

•
They will go to the zoo if they finish their errands.
Other more specific prepositions of movement include: through, across, off, down and into. These
prepositions can sometimes get mixed up with others. While they are similar, they have individual
meanings that add context to the movement.
• Across refers to moving from one side to another.

• Ram travelled across America on his motorcycle.

•
Rebecca and Judi are swimming across the lake.
•
Through refers to moving directly inside something and out the other end.
•
The bullet Babu shot went through the window.
•
The train passes through the tunnel.
•
Into refers to entering or looking inside something.
•
James went into the room.
•
They stare into the darkness.
Up, over, down, past and around indicate directions of movement:
• Jack went up the hill.

• Jill came tumbling down after.

• We will travel over rough terrain on our way to Grandma’s house.

• The horse runs around the track all morning.

•
A car zoomed past a truck on the highway.

28 SURYA ENGLISH

PART - I
Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence.
1. People stood _________ the road to watch the procession go by.

a) along
b) on
c) across
d) over

2. Jane is waiting for you _________ the bus stop.

a) on
b) in c) over
d) at

3. I know that Jupiter is _________ the solar system.

a) at
b) in c) on
d) before

4. There is a ‘No Smoking’ sign _________ the wall.

a) at
b) in c) on
d) for

5. The birds flew _________ the tree.

a) on
b) in c) above
d) at

6. He went _________ his father’s words so he failed in his business.

a) for
b) against c) on d) before

7. The function will be _________ 6 p m and 8 p m.

a) at
b) among c) from d) between

8. There was no enmity _________ the two brothers.

a) among
b) between
c) at
d) on

9. The committee members had misunderstanding _________ themselves.

a) for
b) between c) among
d) on
10. The hunter killed the rabbit _________ a knife.

a) by b) with c) in
d) on

11. The old man died _________ TB.

a) from b) in
c) on
d) of

12. She is _________ a job in a school.

a) of b) before c) after
d) on

13. He put his arm _________ her shoulder.

a) in b) around c) at
d) for

14. Salem is famous _________ mangoes.

a) of b) on c) in
d) for

15. You can see the stars _________ night.

a) at b) on c) in
d) for

Answers
1. a 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. d 8. b 9. c 10. b 11. d 12. c 13. b 14. d 15. a

DRILL BOOK 29
Self - Evaluation
Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence.
1. Wine is made ________ grapes.
a) of
b) for
c) from
d) on

2. Mt. Everest is the highest peak ________ the world.

a) of
b) for
c) on
d) in

3. I met her ________ Friday.

a) in
b) on
c) at
d) for

4. The book is ________ philosophy.

a) from
b) in
c) on
d) at

5. Cars run ________ petrol.

a) on
b) in
c) at
d) for

6. I was born ________ 11th June.

a) in
b) at
c) on
d) over

7. The plane flies from Chennai ________ Malaysia.

a) to
b) on
c) for
d) over

8. I am writing ________ a pen.

a) by
b) with
c) of
d) over

9. The pen is made ________ silver.

a) from
b) at
c) over
d) of

10. The girl ________ red dress is very attractive.

a) in b) with c) for d) on

11. Prof. Robert is an authority ________ modern literature.

a) in b) on c) at d) for

12. You should write your exam ________ ink.

a) in b) with c) on
d) at

13. The park ________ the bus-stand is a great attraction.

a) on b) at c) of d) for

14. Much of gold’s value lies ________ its scarcity.

a) up b) in c) at d) on

15. Debate requires thorough preparation ________ the part of the participants.

a) of b) on c) at d) for
16. The boy was waiting ________ his mother.

a) of b) for c) in
d) at

17. The woodcutter was going into the forest ________ his axe.

a) at b) on c) with d) up

18. Don’t disturb me ________ study time.

a) on b) for c) during
d) up


30 SURYA ENGLISH
19. I have a meeting ________ 9 o’ clock.

a) at b) on c) in d) to
PART - I

20. The cat fell ________ the well.

a) at b) on c) in
d) into

*****
PART - I 9. TENSE FORMS Mark : 1
We have three times - past, present and future. Each time has four tenses in English Language.
• Past: Simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous.

• Present: simple present, present continuous, present perfect and present perfect continuous.

• Future: simple future, future continuous, future perfect and future perfect continuous.

Each time has four tenses so totally we have 12 tenses. Out of all these 12 tenses, only two tenses
have ‘direct’ verbs. They are simple present and simple past. All other tenses are formed with the help
of auxiliary verbs. Examples:
• He wrote a letter.
- simple past
• He was writing a letter.

- past continuous
• He had written a letter.

- past perfect
• He had been writing a letter.

- past perfect continuous

• He writes a letter.
- simple present
• He is writing a letter.
- present continuous
• He has written a letter.

- present perfect
• He has been writing a letter.

- present perfect continuous

• He will write a letter.

- simple future
• He will be writing a letter.

- future continuous
• He will have written a letter.

- future perfect

• He will have been writing a letter.

- future perfect continuous

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FORM

All the transitive verbs have active and passive forms. The intransitive verbs have only active forms.
The transitive verbs have 12 active forms and 8 passive forms. So far we have seen only the active
forms of the verb ‘Write’. Now let us see the passive forms.
PASSIVE FORMS
• A letter was written by him.
- simple past

• A letter was being written by him.

- past continuous
• A letter had been written by him.

- past perfect
(no passive for past perfect continuous)

• A letter is written by him.
- simple present
• A letter is being written by him.

- present continuous

• A letter has been written by him.

- present perfect
(no passive for present perfect continuous)

• A letter will be written by him.
- simple future

• A letter will have been written by him.

- future perfect
(no passive forms for future continuous and future perfect continuous)

DRILL BOOK 31
Simple present tense has different forms for Third person singular and plural. First and second persons
always have plural verbs.
• I go home.
- First person

• You go home.
- Second person

• She goes home.

- Third person singular

• They go home.
- Third person plural

Tenses Uses Examples

Simple Present habitual actions, general truth, fixed • He drinks milk every morning.
future event, running commentaries • The sun rises in the east.
(clues: daily, every day, seldom, • Our school reopens on 4 June.

always) • Kholi hits the ball and goes to the rope.

Present action at the moment, fixed future • She is writing letter.

Continuous event (clues: now, at the moment) • They are visiting us tomorrow.
Present Perfect action completed in the immediate • He has just come in.
past, casual reference to pat action, • I have read ‘God of Small Things.’

past incident with present result, • She has built a house. (now she owns

action beginning in the past and a new house)

continuing up to the present (clues: • We have lived here for ten years.

already, recently, just now)

Present Perfect action began in the past to continue • We have been living here for ten
Continuous in the present (since, for) years.
Simple Past action completed in the past, past • We went to Delhi last year.
habits • She always carried a handbag.
Past Continuous action going on in the past, • I was playing in the park.
repetition of action in the past • In those days he was always troubling

others for money.

Past Perfect If two actions happened in the past, • Before I reached the station the train
one action might have happened had left.
earlier than the other. The past • When she left the house she had locked

perfect is used in such situation. the door safely.

The simple past is used in one • He had completed the work before I

clause and the past perfect is used arrived.

in the other. • By the time firemen arrived the fire had

spread to many houses.

Past Perfect an action going on in the past • My brother had been watching TV
Continuous before another action started until my father arrived.
Simple Future an action yet to take place • We shall go to Madurai tomorrow.
• He will come here next week.
Future an action going on at some time in • I shall be reading the newspaper
Continuous future tomorrow.

32 SURYA ENGLISH
Future Perfect an action that is expected to be • I will have completed this project

PART - I
completed at point of time in future. next month.
An adverbial phrase or clause is • By the end of next month she will have

used paid the school fees.

Future Perfect Expected to have continuous action • By next year we shall have been

Continuous at point of time in future. (This living here for four years.
tense is not much used) • When he gets his degree, he will have

been studying at the University for

three years.

Complete the following sentence using the most appropriate tense form of the given verb.
1. Hema _________ in a software company in Chennai now.

a) work
b) worked
c) is working
d) working

2. Some areas in Italy _________ drier during summer.

a) becomes
b) become c) became d) has become

3. Latha _________ here frequently.

a) comes
b) has come c) come
d) had come

4. Sam _________ two pens this morning.

a) buys
b) has bought c) had bought
d) bought

5. We _________ well for this examination.

a) have prepared
b) prepares c) has prepared
d) preparing

6. The brothers _________ over share of property last night.

a) argues
b) argue c) argued d) have argued

7. She _________ to prepare for the coming NEET exam.

a) plan
b) have planned c) had planned
d) has planned

8. When she arrived home her friend _________ the place already.
a) left
b) had left c) will leave
d) is leaving

9. She _________ her project last week.

a) completed
b) had completed
c) has completed
d) completes

10. She _________ the happy news just now.

a) heard
b) have heard c) has heard
d) had heard

Answers
1. c 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. c
Self - Evaluation
1. I _________ this book for five days.
a) read
b) will have read

c) will be reading
d) have been reading


DRILL BOOK 33
2. Radha _________ her record notebook tomorrow.

a) has submitted
b) submitted c) will submit
d) submits

3. The teacher _________ the students to play in the afternoon.

a) allows
b) had allowed c) has been allowing d) allow

4. When I found the book, I _________ for half-an-hour.

a) was searching
b) had been searching
c) searched d) had searched

5. After he _________ his hands, he took biscuits.

a) washes
b) has washed
c) wash d) had washed

6. At present, my uncle _________ as a clerk in a private company.

a) works
b) is working c) was working d) have worked

7. The policeman _________ the traffic since 7 a.m.

a) is controlling
b) was controlling
c) will be controlling
d) has been controlling
8. When my friend rang me up, I _________ a bath.

a) was taking
b) took c) am taking
d) have taken

9. The newspaper vendor _________ the newspaper at 6 a.m everyday.

a) will deliver
b) delivers
c) deliver
d) delivered
10. The police _________ clueless about the recent bank robbery.

a) had been b) is c) were d) are

11. I _________ this film already.

a) see b) have seen c) saw

d) will see

12. When our principal retires next month, he _________ our institution for twenty years.

a) will be serving
b) has served c) has been serving
d) will have been serving

13. I _________ to New Delhi several times.

a) have gone b) went c) have been

d) go

14. Make hay while the sun _________.

a) shine b) will shine

c) shines
d) is shining

15. We _________ tennis in the evenings.

a) play b) are playing c) had played

d) will have played

16. The government _________ the new tax policy by next year.

a) has revised
b) will revise c) revised
d) will have revised

17. When we entered the auditorium, the drama _________ already.

a) began b) has begun

c) had begun
d) begins

18. The principal _________ with the parents. Please wait for sometime.

a) is talking b) talks c) will talk

d) will be talking
19. If he mends his behaviour, he _________ his reputation.

a) regains b) regain
c) will regain
d) regained

20. What would you do if you _________ this opportunity?

a) lose b) lost c) would lose

d) had lost


34 SURYA ENGLISH
21. Had she attended the meeting, she _________ the cheque.

a) had received b) would have received c) would receive d) received

PART - I

22. If you _________ to meet him, convey my best wishes.

a) were b) should happen

c) happened
d) will happen

23. Balan with his neighbours _________ to the police station to complain.

a) has gone
b) have gone
c) had gone
d) have been going

24. This book _________ Rs. 500.

a) cost b) costed c) costs

d) will cost

25. The cattle that belong to Kandan _________ in the field.

a) graze
b) is grazing
c) are grazing
d) grazes

*****
PART - I 10. LINKERS Mark : 1
Linker is the common name for conjunctions and connectors.

Conjunctions have two basic functions or “jobs”:
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal.
The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
• Jack and Jill went up the hill.

• The water was warm, but I didn’t go swimming.

Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for
example:
•
I went swimming although it was cold.
Coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

Subordinating conjunctions although, because, since, unless
Conjunctions have three basic formats:
single word and, but, because, although

compound (often ending with as or that) provided that, as long as, in order that
correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective) so...that
• Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.

• Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.

Coordinating Conjunctions
A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent clauses) that
are grammatically equal or similar.
A coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in importance and structure:
There are seven coordinating conjunctions, and they are all short words of only two or three letters:
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so.
Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating conjunction joins are shown in square
brackets [ ]:

DRILL BOOK 35
•
I like [tea] and [coffee].
• [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].

Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always correct to place a comma
before the conjunction:
I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma is not really essential:
• She is kind so she helps people.

Subordinating Conjunctions
A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent) clause to a main (independent) clause:
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:
after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where,
whether, while.
Look at this example:
main or subordinate or
independent clause dependent clause

Ram went swimming although

it was raining.
subordinating
conjunction
A subordinate or dependent clause “depends” on a main or independent clause. It cannot exist alone.
Imagine that somebody says to you: “Hello! Although it was raining.” What do you understand? Nothing!
But a main or independent clause can exist alone. You will understand very well if somebody says to
you: “Hello! Ram went swimming.”
A subordinating conjunction always comes at the beginning of a subordinate clause. It “introduces” a
subordinate clause. However, a subordinate clause can come after or before a main clause. Thus, two
structures are possible:
• Ram went swimming although it was raining.

• Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.

Types of linkers Examples

cause and effect because, so, thus, therefore, accordingly, as, since
comparison similarly, likewise, whereas, but, except, equally
contrast but, yet, still, though, unlike, instead of
time when, then, as, before, after
addition and, in addition, as well as

Choose the most appropriate linker from given alternatives.
1. _________ I called on him, he was not there.
a) When b) If c) Where d) What

2. Wait _________ I return.

a) though
b) if
c) so
d) till


36 SURYA ENGLISH
3. Do you know _________ Ahmed will return?

a) till b) though c) when d) if
PART - I

4. He attended the function _________ he was ill.

a) because
b) though
c) since
d) for

5. This is the place _________ we stayed last time we visited.

a) where
b) how c) when
d) if

6. _________ you win first place, you will receive a prize.

a) Where
b) If
c) Unless
d) Instead of

7. You won’t pass the test _________ you study.

a) when
b) if c) unless
d) though

8. I could not get a seat, _________ I came early.

a) as
b) though c) when
d) how

9. Pay attention to your work _________ you will not make mistakes.
a) so that
b) unless
c) or
d) if

10. The musicians delivered a rousing performance _________ they had rehearsed often.

a) though b) if c) as d) how
Answers
1. a 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. c
Self - Evaluation
Choose the most appropriate linker from given alternatives.
1. She’s honest _________ everyone trusts her.
a) but
b) so c) if
d) when

2. Write this down _________ you will forget.

a) or
b) and c) but
d) that

3. He is intelligent _________ he is lazy.

a) but
b) still c) when
d) so

4. You will never succeed _________ you try hard.

a) if
b) though c) unless
d) and

5. Gita wanted to drive to Bangalore _________ David insisted on flying.

a) though
b) if
c) how
d) until
6. Do not go _________ I come.

a) when
b) though c) if
d) before

7. I did not come _________ you did not call me.

a) though
b) because
c) when
d) as

8. I am afraid of heights, _________ I appreciate the view from the top of the building.
a) or
b) for c) but
d) nor
9. _________ I have any doubt I will ask you.

a) If
b) Though c) How
d) For


DRILL BOOK 37
10. It is a long time _________ we last saw him.

a) If b) because c) though
d) since

11. _________ I meet her in Chennai I will pass the message to her.

a) Though
b) For
c) So
d) If

12. I have to be on time, _________ my boss will be annoyed if I’m late.

a) nor b) for c) but d) yet
13. She was in trouble _________ she met him.

a) if b) till c) when
d) how

14. I have to go to work at six, _________ I’m waking up at four.

a) but b) so c) yet d) or

15. I was on time, _________ everyone else was late.

a) but b) so c) for
d) or

*****
PART - I 11. IDIOMS AND PHRASES Mark : 1
Idioms and Phrases
English is a fascinating language. It is colourful and full of expressions, and well-written prose can
transport us to another world. One such tool that authors usually employ to make their words memorable
are idioms and phrases. It is important for us to understand the concept and the correct usage of idiom
and phrases.
Idioms are a collection of words or phrases which have a figurative meaning that is generally well
established and known. So these words can’t be taken at their literal meanings since they would sound
farcical. Idioms, at times, seem grammatically unusual as well.
Idioms are a useful tool in linguistics. They add life and colour to the prose. It allows the authors to
play with words and make it interesting to read, rather than straightforward boring paragraphs. Idioms
are often used in stories, poems and even in the spoken language. The origins of these idioms are not
always known.
Idioms Meanings
Beat around the bush Talking something in confusion; indirect talk.
Burn the midnight oil Working late into night.
Judge a book by its cover Rely on outward appearance.
Bite off more than you can chew Try to take on a task too big for oneself.
Cry over spilled milk Regret/complain about something that cannot be rectified.
Once in a blue moon Once in a while.
Rank and file Ordinary people.
Between the devil and the deep sea Between two dangers.
Burn the midnight oil Work or study hard.
Call a spade a spade Speak frankly and directly.

38 SURYA ENGLISH
Come off with flying colors Be highly successful.

PART - I
Hoping against hope Without hope.

To get rid of Dispose of.
Rain cats and dogs Rain heavily.
Cry for the moon Ask for the impossible.
The pros and cons The various aspects of a matter in detail.
Be in a tight corner In a very difficult situation.
By hook or by hook By fair or foul means.
Leave no stone unturned Use all available means.
A thorn in a flesh A constant source of annoyance.
Like a fish out of water In serious danger.
At one’s beck and call Under his control.
To make both ends meet To live within one’s income.
To bell the cat To face the risk.
Let the cat out of bag Revel the secret.
By leaps and bounds Rapidly.
A bolt from the blue Something unexpected.
Cry over the spilt milk Complaining about the loss which will never come back.
Blessing in disguise Something good and useful that did not initially seem that way.
Be on cloud nine Be very happy.
Hand to mouth Live with only basic necessity.

Replace the underlined phrases with the right idioms.
1. She was on cloud nine when she met her old friends.
a) very happy
b) on high place
c) hiding herself d) on the way

2. The price of gold increases by leaps and bounds.

a) every day
b) rapidly
c) the traders d) the government

3. He suffered because he bit off more than he can chew.

a) to bite a dust
b) tried to do less
c) he was slow
d) tried more than he could do

4. Senthil was at his manager’s beck and call.

a) house
b) the office always
c) under his control
d) above others

5. Middle class people lead a life to make both ends meet.

a) out of way
b) in the office
c) within their income
d) life easy

6. The poor lead a life of hand to mouth.

a) busy as bee
b) with only basic necessity c) hard work
d) easy life

7.
The news came as a bolt from the blue.
a) clear minded
b) sea tide
c) as an unexpected one
d) the above


DRILL BOOK 39
8. We should not cry over spilt milk.

a) complain about impossible past
b) shed tears

c) feel sorry always

d) talk aloud

9. My friend let the cat out of bag.

a) talked to me
b) about me c) talked in detail
d) revealed the secret

10. The manger was like a fish out of water.

a) ready to crack the silence

b) in a strange situation

c) happy mood
d) sad mood

Answers
1. a 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. d 10. b
Self - Evaluation
Replace the underlined phrases with the right idioms.
1. Don’t beat around the bush. Come to the point directly.
a) talk with confusion
b) talk something serious
c) talk something dangerous

d) talk something sadly
2. You made the judgement by looking at the lady. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
a) look at the cover of the book
b) read the book inside
c) read the content carefully

d) rely on outward appearance
3. She visits her grandparent once in a blue moon.

a) frequently
b) infrequently
c) always d) happily

4. He is the rank and file of the ruling party.

a) important member
b) elected representative

c) ordinary member
d) well known person

5. He is known for calling a spade a spade.

a) speak frankly and directly
b) hide the facts carefully

c) hurting the feeling of others

d) talk convincingly

6. She is hoping against hope to get the highest position in her company.
a) trying with hope
b) has the quality
c) trying without hope
d) about to get

7. Before coming to a conclusion we should understand the pros and cons of the problem.
a) reason
b) various aspects in detail
c) decide on
d) talk about
8. Because of his dealings he is in a tight corner.

a) difficult situation
b) happy situation
c) sidelined
d) promoted

9. She did not listen to her father’s advice so she is now between the devil and the deep sea.
a) can see deep inside the problem
b) can talk about the problem deeply

c) between two dangers

d) between happiness and joy

10. He wants to get rid of his car.

a) dispose of
b) keep it safe c) reregister it
d) show to others

*****

40 SURYA ENGLISH
PART - II 1. Active and Passive Voice Marks : 2
If a sentence with active voice has a transitive verb, it can be changed into passive voice. The active
voice has an active verb and the passive voice has a passive verb.
The active voice is used when the agent or actor or the doer of the action is to be made prominent and
the passive voice is used when the thing acted upon is to be made prominent.
• The hunter killed the lion. – here ‘the hunter’ the doer is made prominent. (active voice)
PART - II
• The lion was killed by the hunter. – here ‘the lion’, the thing acted up on is made prominent.

(passive voice)
The passive verb has an auxiliary and the past participle of the verb.
• primary auxiliary + past participle (was killed)
• The ‘primary auxiliary’ changes according to the number and tense. For example:
was + past participle is for past tense singular.
were + past participle is for past tense plural.
• A letter was written by him.
• Few letters were written by him.
Active to Passive
Sentences with one object.
• The clerk sent the parcel. – active
• The parcel was sent by the clerk. – passive
• He had locked the door before leaving the room. – active
• The door had been locked by him before leaving the room. – passive
• The girl was writing a letter to her mother. – active
• A letter was being written by the girl to her mother. – passive
Sentences with two objects.
• He sends his mother letters regularly. – active
• Letters are sent by him to his mother regularly. – passive
• He has given her a book. – active
• A book has been given by him to her. – passive
• She is telling him a story. – active
• A story is being told by her to him. – passive
Sentences with modal auxiliary.
• He will complete the work in time. – active
• The work will be completed in time – passive
• She may water the plants. – active
• The plants may be watered by her. – passive
Special care should be taken to ‘shall be’ in passive voice.
Only when first person – I or We – comes as the subject in the passive voice we can use ‘shall be’.
Otherwise we should use only ‘will be’.
• I shall do the work. – active
• The work will be done by me. – passive
• He will meet me. – active
I shall be met by him. – passive

DRILL BOOK PART - II 41
Some unusual passive voice.

Imperatives
• Shut the door. – active
• You are requested to shut the door – passive
• Let the door be shut. – passive
• Bring the book. – active
• Let the book be brought. – passive
• You are requested to bring the book – passive
• Please go to the library. – active
• You are asked to go to the library – passive
Interrogatives
• Who broke the window? –
active
• By whom was the window broken? – passive
• Who did the mistake? –
active
• By whom was the mistake done? –
passive
• Do you understand the meaning? –
active
• Is the meaning understood by you? – passive
Sentences with phrasal verbs

• His friends laughed at him. – active
• He was laughed at by his friends. – passive
• He pointed at her. – active
• She was pointed at by him. – passive
Simple Present He loves music. Music is loved by him. (singular)

Tense She writes many letters. (plural) Many letters are written by her. (plural)
They meet me often. I am met by them often.
Present Ramu is driving a car. A car is being driven by Ramu. (singular)
Continuous Tense He is selling books. Books are being sold by him. (plural)
Present Perfect You have told a story. A story has been told by you. (singular)
Tense He has posted the letters. The letters have been posted by him.
(plural)
Simple Past They informed the principal. The principal was informed by them.
Tense The clerk sent the parcels. (singular)
The parcels were sent by the clerk. (plural)
Past Continuous He was writing a letter. A letter was being written by him. (singular)
Tense He was eating mangoes. Mangoes were being eaten by him. (plural)
Past Perfect Ramu had sent a mail. A mail had been sent by Ramu. (singular)
Tense He had posted the letters. The letters had been posted by him. (plural)
Simple Future We shall finish the work. The work will be finished by us.
Tense He will write a poem. A poem will be written by him.
Note: Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect Continuous and Future

continuous do not have passive voice

42 SURYA ENGLISH

Rewrite the following sentence to the other voice.
1. Rekha has forgotten the answer to the first question. (Active)

The answer to the first question has been forgotten by Rekha. (Passive)
2. The wall is being built by the mason. (Passive)

The mason is building the wall. (Active)
PART - II
3. Some boys were helping the wounded man. (Active)

The wounded man was being helped by some boys. (Passive)
4. Why did your brother write such a letter? (Active)

Why was such a letter written by your brother? (Passive)
5. He was made king by them. (Passive)

They made him the king. (Active)
6. Was the name ever heard by you? (Passive)

Did you ever hear that name? (Active)
7. The principal has announced the results. (Active)

The results have been announced by the principal. (Passive)
8. They have bought a car. (Active)

A car has been bought by them. (Passive)
9. They have made a mistake in sending away the experienced clerk. (Active)
A mistake has been made by them in sending away the experienced clerk. (Passive)
10. The students had been informed by the teacher about the special class.
(Passive)
The teacher had informed the students about the special class. (Active)
11. He can fix the fan in the proper place. (Active)

The fan can be fixed by him in the proper place. (Passive)
12. The students will do the practical exam tomorrow.

(Active)
The practical exam will be done by the students tomorrow. (Passive)
13. The books will be bought by us next week.

(Passive)
We shall buy the books next week. (Active)
14. You are asked to jump over the wall to reach the other side.
(Passive)
Jump over the wall to reach the other side. (Active)
15. Bring the note book.

(Active)
Let the notebook be brought. / You are asked to bring the notebook. (Passive)

Self - Evaluation
Rewrite the following sentence to the other voice.
1. My parents asked me to continue my studies. _______________________________________________

2. I am irritated by his behaviour sometimes. _______________________________________________
3. We have defeated our enemy. _______________________________________________
4. He was given a reward by the king. _______________________________________________
5. She will accept the offer given by her friend. _______________________________________________
6. I offered him a chair.

_______________________________________________
7. Her house has been painted blue. _______________________________________________
8. Bring a bottle of water. _______________________________________________
9. We called the doctor immediately to suggest some medicine. ____________________________________
10. Why was she called stupid by you? _______________________________________________
11. We have introduced several innovations in the design. __________________________________________
12. Scientists are conducting tests on the new sky lab. ____________________________________________

13. Giri was pointed at by the teacher to answer the question. ______________________________________

14. Let the window be opened.

_______________________________________________
15. A new bridge across river is being built by workers. ____________________________________________

16. They will test the new machine next week.

_______________________________________________
17. The banks have increased the rate of interest. _______________________________________________

18. The operation has been successfully performed by the doctors. __________________________________

19. Our team will surely win the next match.

_______________________________________________
20. What did he do to get such a good job? _______________________________________________
21. Inform the teacher about the loss of your book. _______________________________________________

22. She must send the application today.

_______________________________________________
23. How can you do it?

_______________________________________________
24. Did you ask him the reason for his behaviour? _______________________________________________

25. You are requested to call her.

_______________________________________________
26. Who would be asked by you? _______________________________________________
27. Don’t tell lies.

_______________________________________________
28. Which house had been built by you? _______________________________________________
29. Pass the salt, please.

_______________________________________________
30. When was the book lent to him by your brother? ______________________________________________
*****

44 SURYA ENGLISH
PART - II 2. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Marks : 2
When we report the speech of other persons to any other persons we can do the reporting in two ways.
One way is to use the same words and the structure of the speaker and the other way is to use our own
words without changing meaning.
The first way is called Direct Speech and the second way is called Indirect Speech. In the direct speech
PART - II
we simply quote what the other person said. So what the other person said should be within inverted
commas.
• She said to me, “I visit my mother regularly.”
Direct speech has two distinct parts – one outside inverted commas and the other inside inverted
commas. (She said to me,) (“I visit my mother regularly”)
Certain changes should be made when direct speech is changed into indirect speech. The changes
depend on the words outside inverted commas and the changes are made in the part which is inside
inverted commas.
The changes are made in the tense, person, words denoting time (if it is in the sentence).
The tense and the person inside inverted commas should be changed according to the tense and person
outside inverted commas. If we have past tense outside and present tense inside, the present tense
should be changed into past tense. The other changes are given in the table
Outside inverted commas Inside inverted commas Change
Past tense Present tense Past tense
Past tense Past tense Past perfect tense
Past tense Present perfect Past perfect
Past tense will would
Past tense can could
Past tense may might
If present tense comes outside the inverted commas there will not be any change in the tense. There
will be changes in the person.
The following table gives the changes of some special words which are words of time , position and
place.
Words Changes Words Changes
this that yesterday the day before
these those today that day
here there tonight that night
now then tomorrow the next day
ago before/earlier last week the week before
She said to me, “I will meet you tomorrow.”

• ‘I’ stands for ‘she’ So I, the first person should be changed to third person because it stands for ‘she’.
• ‘you’ stands for ‘me’ So ‘you’ the second person should be changed to first person.
• ‘will meet’ should be changed to ‘would meet’.
• ‘tomorrow’ should be changed to ‘the next day’.
• ‘said to’ may be changed to ‘told’.

Since this sentence is a declarative or statement we should introduce ‘that’ as link word.
The inverted commas should be removed. So the answer will be
She told me that she would meet me the next day.
How to change questions?
‘Yes / No’ questions and ‘Wh’ questions have different methods to change the direct speech into indirect
speech.
• The teacher said to the boy, “Why do you come to school late always?”
Indirect speech should always be in statement form. So the questions should be changed into statement
form before changing into indirect speech. The statement form will be
• ‘Why you come to school late always.”
Now it can be changed as follows. Since it is a question, ‘said to’ may be changed to ‘asked’
• The teacher asked the boy why he came to school late always.
Note: This type does not have any link word. The ‘Wh’ word functions as link word.

Yes / No type:
• The teacher said to the girl, “Do you study your lessons regularly?”
Statement form: ‘you study your lessons well.’
‘Yes / No’ question has the link word – whether or if.
• The teacher asked the girl whether she studied her lessons well.
Imperative sentence:
The imperative sentence begins with a verb and the verb should be changed into infinitive to change the
sentence into indirect speech.
• Mother said to her son, “Go to your uncle and collect the bills from him.”
Mother asked her son to go to his uncle and collect the bills from him.
Exclamatory sentence:
Exclamatory sentence should be changed into statement before changing into indirect speech.
• The tourist said, “How beautiful the Taj Mahal is!”
Statement form:
• The Taj Mahal is very beautiful.
‘said’ may be changed to ‘exclaimed. It has the link word as statement – ‘that’
The tourist exclaimed that the Taj Mahal was very beautiful.
Note: The sentences which denote universal truth will not have any change in the verb.
• The teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
Reporting verbs and link words.

Direct verb Indirect verb Link word
said said that
Assertive or Statement
said to told that
said / told asked / enquired / ‘wh’ word is the
Interrogatives – Wh questions
said to / told to questioned link word

46 SURYA ENGLISH
said / told asked/enquired / whether / if

Interrogatives – Yes / No questions
said to / told to questioned
said / told asked / requested ‘to’ - affirmative
Imperatives

said to/told to / commanded ‘not to’- negative

said said to exclaimed / that
Exclamatory sentence
wondered

PART - II
Rewrite the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. Mother said to the son, “I am going to meet your grandma so you have to study yourself.”
Mother told the son that she was going to meet his grandma so he had to study himself.
2. The manger said to the clerk, “When did you send all the letters?’
The manager asked the clerk when he had sent all the letters.
3. The teacher said to the boy, “I have often told you to concentrate on studies.”
The teacher told the boy that he had often told him to concentrate on studies.
4. The manager promised the workers, “If you work after the working hours I will pay you extra
money.”
The manager promised the workers that if they worked after the working hours he would pay them extra
money.
5. The father said to the daughter, “What are you doing with the broken doll?”
The father asked the daughter what she was doing with the broken doll.
6. The swami said to his disciple, “Fetch me some water from the nearby well.”
The swami asked his disciple to fetch him some water from the nearby well.
7. The mother said to her son, “Are you coming with me to the mall?”
The mother asked her son whether he was coming with her to the mall.
8. Looking at the scenery the tourist said, “What a wonderful sight it is!”
Looking at the scenery the tourist exclaimed that it was a wonderful sight.
9. The little boy said to his father, “Did Ashwin take five wickets?”
The little boy asked his father whether Ashwin had taken five wickets.
10. Shiela said to Gita, “How much did you pay for this dress?”

Shiela asked Gita how much she had paid for that dress.
Self - Evaluation
Rewrite the following sentences into indirect speech
1. The students informed the Headmaster, “We are practicing for the tournament.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. The clerk said, “I have posted all the letters.”
______________________________________________________________________________________

3. The little bird said to its mother, “I will go out and find my own food because now I am big enough to fly.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. The chief guest said, “It gives me great pleasure to be here this evening.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Gopu said to Kannan, “I saw our teacher yesterday near the church.”
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. The host said to me, “Do you like coffee?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
7. Mother said to her son, “Did you meet your grandma?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
8. The Principal said to the teachers, “Will you come one hour early tomorrow to complete the preparation for
sports day?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
9. The teacher said to the students, “Have you completed English home work?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
10. I said to my father, “Shall I join the summer tour to Ooty?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
11. The doctor said to the patient, “When do you go to bed usually?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
12. She said to the carpenter, “When will you give me table and chair?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
13. The shop keeper said to the boy, “How many notebooks do you need now?”

______________________________________________________________________________________
14. He said to her, “What do you want?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
15. He said to Gopal, “Where did Kumar go yesterday?”
______________________________________________________________________________________
16. He said to the boys, “Take off your hat and run.”

______________________________________________________________________________________
17. The stranger said to the man, “Please tell me how to go to the railway station.”

______________________________________________________________________________________
18. The bank manger said to me, “Invest the money in my bank.”

______________________________________________________________________________________
19. When he met his friend in Mumbai he said, “What a pleasant surprise!”
______________________________________________________________________________________
20. She said, “What a pity to lose such a good pen!”
______________________________________________________________________________________
*****

48 SURYA ENGLISH
PART - II 3. PUNCTUATIONS Marks : 2
There are 14 punctuation marks that are commonly used in English grammar.
They are the full stop or period, question mark, exclamation mark / point, comma, semicolon, colon,
dash, hyphen, parentheses, brackets, braces, apostrophe, quotation marks, and ellipsis.
Following their correct usage will make our writing easier to read and more appealing.
PART - II
Sentence Endings the full stop / period (.) is placed at the end of declarative sentences, statements
thought to be complete and after many abbreviations.
• As a sentence ender: Jane and Jack went to the market.
• After an abbreviation: Her son, John Jones Jr., was born on Dec. 6, 2008.
Use a question mark (?) to indicate a direct question when placed at the end of a sentence.
• When did Jane leave for the market?
The exclamation mark / point (!) is used when a person wants to express a sudden outcry or add
emphasis.
• Within a dialogue: “Holy cow!” screamed Jane.
• To emphasize a point: My mothers-in-law pranks make me furious!
Comma, Semicolon, and Colon

• The comma, semicolon, and colon are often misused because they all can indicate a pause in a
series.
• The comma is used to show a separation of ideas or elements within the structure of a sentence.
Additionally, it is used in numbers, dates, and letter writing after the salutation and closing.
• Direct address: Thanks for all your help, John.
• Separating lists or elements within sentences: Suzi wanted the black, green, and blue dress.
The semicolon (;) is used to connect independent clauses. It shows a closer relationship between the
clauses than a full stop would show.
• John was hurt; he knew she only said it to upset him.
A colon (:) has three main uses. The first is after a word introducing a quotation, an explanation, an
example, or a series.
• He was planning to study four subjects: politics, philosophy, sociology, and economics.
The second is between independent clauses when the second explains the first, similar to a semicolon:
• I didn’t have time to get changed: I was already late.
The third use of a colon is for emphasis:
• There was one thing she loved more than any other: her dog.
A colon also has non-grammatical uses in time, ratio, business correspondence and references.
Dash and the Hyphen
• Two other common punctuation marks are the dash and hyphen. These marks are often confused
with each other due to their appearance but they are very different.
• A dash is used to separate words into statements. There are two common types of dashes: en dash
and em dash.
• En dash: Twice as long as a hyphen, the en dash is a symbol (--) that is used in writing or printing
to indicate a range, connections or differentiations, such as 1880-1945 or Princeton-New York trains.
• Em dash: Longer than the en dash, the em dash can be used in place of a comma, parenthesis, or

colon to enhance readability or emphasize the conclusion of a sentence. For example, She gave him
her answer --- No!
• Whether you put space around the em dash or not is a style choice. Just be consistent.
• A hyphen is used to join two or more words together into a compound term and is not separated by
space. For example, part-time, back-to-back, well-known.
Brackets, Braces, and Parentheses
Brackets, braces, and parentheses are symbols used to contain words that are a further explanation or
are considered a group.
Squire Brackets are the squared off notations ([]) used for technical explanations or to clarify meaning.
If you remove the information in the brackets, the sentence will still make sense.
• He [Mr. Jones] was the last person seen at the house.
Double Brackets / Braces ({}) are used to contain two or more lines of text or listed items to
show that they are considered as a unit. They are not commonplace in most writing but can be seen in
computer programming to show what should be contained within the same lines. They can also be used
in mathematical expressions. For example, 2{1+[23-3]}=x.
Brackets / Parentheses ( () ) are curved notations used to contain further thoughts or qualifying
remarks. However, parentheses can be replaced by commas without changing the meaning in most
cases.
• John and Jane (who were actually half brother and sister) both have red hair.
Apostrophe, Quotation Marks and Ellipsis

The final three punctuation forms in English grammar are the apostrophe, quotation marks, and ellipsis.

Unlike previously mentioned grammatical marks, they are not related to one another in any form.
An apostrophe (‘) is used to indicate the omission of a letter or letters from a word, the possessive
case, or the plurals of lowercase letters. Examples of the apostrophe in use include:
Omission of letters from a word:
• I’ve seen that movie several times. She wasn’t the only one who knew the answer.
• Possessive case: Sara’s dog bit the neighbour.
Plural for lowercase letters: Six people were told to mind their p’s and q’s.
Quotations marks (“ “) are a pair of punctuation marks used primarily to mark the beginning and end
of a passage attributed to another and repeated word for word. They are also used to indicate meanings
and to indicate the unusual or dubious status of a word.
• “Don’t go outside,” she said.
Single quotation marks (‘ ‘) are used most frequently for quotes within quotes.
• Marie told the teacher, “I saw Marc at the playground, and he said to me ‘Bill started the fight,’ and
I believed him.”
The ellipsis is most commonly represented by three full stops (. . . ) although it is occasionally
demonstrated with three asterisks (***). The ellipsis is used in writing or printing to indicate an omission,
especially of letters or words. Ellipses are frequently used within quotations to jump from one phrase to
another, omitting unnecessary words that do not interfere with the meaning. Students writing research
papers or newspapers quoting parts of speeches will often employ ellipsis to avoid copying lengthy text
that is not needed.
Omission of words:
She began to count, “One, two, three, four…” until she got to 10, then went to find him.

50 SURYA ENGLISH
Within a quotation:
When Newton stated, “An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion...” he

developed the law of motion.

British vs. American English
There are a few differences between punctuation in British and American English. The following chart
details some of those differences:
British English American English
The “ . “ symbol is called A full stop a period
PART - II
The “ ! “ symbol is called an exclamation mark an exclamation point

The “ ( ) “ symbols are called brackets parentheses
The “ [ ] “ symbols are called square brackets brackets

Punctuate the following sentences.
1. surely he could reach them without flying if he could only move northwards along the cliff face
but then on what could he walk there was no ledge, and he was not a fly
Surely he could reach them without flying if he could only move northwards along the cliff face? But then,
on what could he walk? There was no ledge, and he was not a fly.
2. gagaga he cried, begging her to bring him over some food gawlool ah she screamed back
mockingly
‘Ga, ga, ga,’ he cried, begging her to bring him over some food. ‘Gawl-ool-ah,’ she screamed back mockingly.
3. i tiptoed to Hermans room psst hissed in the dark shaking him awp he said in the low hopeless
tone of a despondent beagle he always half suspected that something would get him in the
night
I tiptoed to Herman’s room. ‘Psst!’ I hissed, in the dark, shaking him. ‘Awp’, he said, in the low, hopeless tone
of a despondent beagle – he always half suspected that something would ‘get him’ in the night.
4. nothing he said gruffly but he was in colour a light green what was all that running around
downstairs said mother
‘Nothing,’ he said, gruffly, but he was, in colour, a light green. ‘What was all that running around downstairs?’
said mother.
5. dont either of you go a step said mother well call the police
‘Don’t either of you go a step,’ said mother. ‘We’ll call the police.’
6. a heavy policeman bounded up the steps who are you he demanded i live here said.
A heavy policeman bounded up the steps. ‘Who are you?’ he demanded. ‘I live here,’ I said.
7. to have tea at your shop said aditya certainly besides tea i have biscuits and savouries
‘To have tea at your shop,’ said Aditya. ‘Certainly, besides tea, I have biscuits and savouries.’
8. it has become essential to do so aditya replied his nerves seemed overwrought
‘It has become essential to do so,’ Aditya replied. His nerves seemed overwrought.
9. what is it he asked money money how much money one hundred and fifty rupees he has said
that he will be happy if you accept it
‘What is it?’ he asked. ‘Money’. ‘Money?How much money?’ ‘One hundred and fifty rupees. He has said that
he will be happy if you accept it.’

10. it was a great feeling when i learnt to use it it took me a couple of weeks communicating with

people was very difficult before

“It was a great feeling when I learnt to use it, it took me a couple of weeks. Communicating with people
was very difficult before.”
11. mhamel saw me and said very kindly go to your place quickly little franz we were beginning
without you
M. Hamel saw me and said very kindly, “Go to your place quickly, little Franz. We were beginning without
you.”
12. i heard m hamel say to me i wont scold you little franz you must fee bad enough see how it is
every day we have said to ourselves bah ive plenty of time ill learn it tomorrow
I heard M. Hamel say to me, “I won’t scold you, little Franz; you must feel bad enough. See how it is! Every
day we have said to ourselves, ‘Bah! I’ve plenty of time. I’ll learn it tomorrow.’
13. how is it you pretend to be Frenchmen and yet you can neither speak nor write your own

language
‘How is it; you pretend to be Frenchmen, and yet you can neither speak nor write your own language?’
14. havei not often sent you to water my flowers instead of learning your lessons and when i
wanted to go fishing did I not just give you a holiday
“Have I not often sent you to water my flowers instead of learning your lessons? And when I wanted to go
fishing, did I not just give you a holiday?”
15. but why i want to help you i said certainly watson but it is for your own sake

“But why? I want to help you,” I said. “Certainly, Watson, but it is for your own sake.”
16. good heavens holmes do you think this can stop me i said advancing towards him

“Good heavens, Holmes! Do you think this can stop me?” I said advancing towards him.
17. holmesi said you are not yourself whether you like it or not i will examine your symptoms and

treat you
“Holmes,” I said, “you are not yourself whether you like it or not. I will examine your symptoms and treat
you.”
18. how ignorant you are watson he said with a groan what do you know about Tarpaunli fever or

the black Formosa plague

“How ignorant you are! Watson!” he said with a groan. “What do you know about Tarpaunli fever or the black
Formosa plague?”
19. i will bring drainstree then i said going towards the door

“I will bring Dr. Ainstree then,” I said going towards the door.
20. put it down down at once watson he said i hate to have my things touched sit down man and

let me have my rest

“Put it down! Down at once, Watson,” he said, “I hate to have my things touched. Sit down man, and let me
have my rest!”
21. how is he asked inspector morton he is very ill i answered

“How is he?” asked Inspector Morton.“He is very ill,” I answered.

52 SURYA ENGLISH
22. is that you mr smith holmes whispered you know what is wrong with me you are the only one

in london who can cure me

“Is that you Mr. Smith?” Holmes whispered. “You know what is wrong with me. You are the only one in
London who can cure me.”
23. o my young gentleman said ariel when he saw him i will soon move you

“O my young gentleman,” said Ariel, when he saw him, “I will soon move you.
24. o father said miranda in a strange surprise surely that is a spirit

PART - II
“O father,” said Miranda, in a strange surprise, “surely that is a spirit.”

25. i love you father she said take care of yourself tell my brother i said goodbye

“I love you, Father,” she said. “Take care of yourself. Tell my brother I said goodbye.”
Self - Evaluation
Punctuate the following sentences.
1. theres something down there i said instantly the steps began again circled the dining room table like a man
running and started up the stairs towards us heavily two at a time
2. open up cried a hoarse voice were men from headquarters
3. were you not a good student i asked yes but my position was always second he replied.
4. no one visits me he said in an unperturbed manner would you mind if we come in come in
5. i have cerebral palsy and i cant physically type as fast as i think or anywhere near but right now thats what
im doing i bet youre wondering how
6. m hamel said my children this is the last lesson i shall give you the order has come from berlin to teach only
german in the schools of alsace and lorraine.
7. my dear fellow i cried approaching him stand back stand right back he cried
8. do you remember aditya narayan chowdhury aditya asked him of course said the the gentleman the spoilt
child of affluent parents
9. i m gonna get my gun back from that old bird said the zither cop yeh said joe you and who else i told them

i would bring it to the station house the next day

10. have you come from Holmes how is he he asked he is very ill that is why i have come

11. silence said the father one word more will make me chide you girl

12. come on young man said prospero to the prince you have no power to disobey me

13. its somus thoughtless ways that reduce me to tears mrs krishnan said irritably

14. what else can be done said her father your brother is a child he cannot go

15. no my daughter said the old man you cannot do this

16. let not thine eyes be blinded my son she said the mountain road is full of dangers

17. arent you getting some result from the moon at any rate not yet mr bennett

18. i am glad they are so strong he said to himself if they gave way what would become of us

19. whats the matter he called are you hurt im keeping the water back peter yelled tell them to come quickly

20. if you sit down said miranda i will carry your logs the while

*****

PART - II 4. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES Marks : 2
Simple, Compound, Complex Sentences

A simple sentence consists of only one clause.
A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses.
A complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause. A set of
words with no independent clause may be an incomplete sentence, also called a sentence fragment.
Simple Sentence Structure

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a subject and verb
and expresses a complete thought.)
• I like coffee. • The earth goes round the sun.
• Mary likes tea. • Mary did not go to the party.
The following expressions give simple sentences.

Instead of, despite, due to, because of, in case of
• Instead of being rich he was not happy.
• Despite his strength he could not win the battle.
• Due to his hard work he got a good job.
• Because of the darkness they lost the way.
• In case of trouble, call me.
Compound Sentence Structure

A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semi-colon. Each
of these clauses could form a sentence alone.
• I like coffee and Mary likes tea.
• Mary went to work but John went to the party.
• Our car broke down; we came last.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, yet and so
Complex Sentence Structure

A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent clause
starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not
express a complete thought.)
• We missed our plane because we were late.
• Our dog barks when she hears a noise.
• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.
• Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once,
since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while
Here are the five basic relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose
In order to transform a simple sentence into a complex sentence, we have to expand a word or phrase
into a subordinate clause. Study the example given below.
• Hearing the noise, the boy woke up.
This is a simple sentence because it consists of just one clause.

54 SURYA ENGLISH
We can change it into a complex sentence by expanding that participial phrase into a subordinate

clause.
The boy woke up when he heard the noise.
We can also transform the given simple sentence into a compound sentence. A compound sentence

consists of two or more main clauses. The clauses in a compound sentence are connected using
coordinating conjunctions (e.g. and, but, or, nor, yet, for, so)
The boy heard the noise and woke up.
Transform the following simple sentences into complex or compound sentences.
PART - II
1. Knocking at the gate, he demanded admission.

He knocked at the door and demanded admission. (compound)
When he knocked at the door, he demanded admission. (complex)
2. Blinded by a dust storm, they lost their way.
They were blinded by a dust storm so they lost their way. (compound)
As they were blinded by a dust storm they lost their way. (complex)
3. Deceived by his friends, he lost all hope.
He was deceived by his friends and he lost all hope. (compound)
As he was deceived by his friend he lost all hope. (complex)
4. Driven by hunger, he stole a piece of bread.
He was driven by hunger so he stole a piece of bread. (compound)
Because he was driven hunger he stole a piece of bread. (complex)
5. The sea being smooth, we went for a sail.
The sea was smooth so we went for a sail. (compound)
As the sea was smooth we went for a sail. (complex)
Change the simple sentences into complex.
1. He confessed his crime. (simple sentence)
He confessed that he was guilty. (complex sentence – ‘his crime’ to a clause)
2. He bought his uncle’s factory. (simple sentence)
He bought the factory that belonged to his uncle. (noun phrase ‘his uncle’s factory’ into the adjective clause
‘that belonged to his uncle’.)
3. He worked hard to pass the test. (simple sentence)
He worked hard that he might pass the test. (complex sentence)
4. Only Hindus can enter this temple. (simple sentence)
If you are not a Hindu, you cannot enter this temple. (complex sentence)
5. In his childhood, Lincoln did not go to school. (simple sentence)
When he was a child, Lincoln did not go to school. (complex sentence)
6. On seeing the lion, the hunter climbed up a tree. (simple sentence)
When he saw the lion, the hunter climbed up a tree. (complex sentence)
7. In spite of the inflation, the standard of living has gone up. (simple sentence)
Although there is inflation, the standard of living has gone up. (complex sentence)


Change the following as directed.
1. In spite of his best trial he did not succeed. (change to compound and complex)
He tried his best, but he did not succeed. (compound)
Though he tried his best he did not succeed. (complex)
2. The clown entered the circus ring and the children started clapping. (change to simple and
complex)
Due to the entry of the clown in the circus ring the children started clapping (simple)
When the clown entered the circus ring the children started clapping. (complex)
3. Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves. (change to complex)
If you take care of the pence the pounds will take care of themselves.
4. You have to hurry or you will miss the bus. (change to simple and complex)
You have to hurry in order not to miss the bus. (simple)
Unless you hurry you will miss the bus. (complex)
5. In spite of winning the battle the war is not yet over. (change to compound and complex)
The battle has been won but the war is not over yet. (compound)
Though the battle has been won the war is not yet over. (complex)
6. The country has made huge progress, but we still have a long way to go. (change to simple and
complex)
Despite the huge progress of the country we have a long way to go. (simple)
Though the country has made huge progress we still have a long way to go. (complex)
7. You should be 18 to vote. (change to compound and complex)
You have to be 18 years old or you cannot vote. (compound)
Unless you are 18 years old you cannot vote. (complex)
8. Leprosy is curable and everybody knows this. (change to complex)
Everybody knows that leprosy is curable. (complex)
9. The magician from Turkey has performed all over the world. (change to compound and complex)
He is a magician from Turkey and he has performed all over the world. (compound)
He is a magician from Turkey who has performed all over the world. (complex)
10. On finishing his homework the boy went to play. (change to compound and complex)
The boy finished his homework and went to play. (compound)
After the boy finished his homework he went to play. (complex)
Self - Evaluation
Rewrite the following Simple Sentences as Compound Sentences:
1. The old man being weak could not walk properly.
2. His father in spite of being poor is a contented man.
3. She must work hard to be successful in the examination.
4. Our teacher is popular among students for his diligence.
5. But for his faults he would have progressed immensely.

56 SURYA ENGLISH
Rewrite the following Simple Sentences as Complex Sentences:

1. Nobody could find out the place of their stay.
2. The purpose of his visit to this place is not known.
3. All the laborers set out for their homes at sunset.
4. On seeing the policeman, the thief fled away.
5. You cannot succeed without working hard.
Rewrite the following Complex Sentences as Compound Sentences:

1. I am confident that he is innocent in this matter.
PART - II
2. Unless he works hard, he cannot pass the examination.

3. However hard work she may do she cannot pass the examination.
4. She is sure that he has stolen her purse.
5. As the shopkeeper quarrels with every customer, nobody likes him.
Rewrite the following Compound Sentences as Complex Sentences:

1. Let me reach my office and then I shall talk to him.
2. Spare the rod and spoil the child.
3. The thief saw the police man, so he ran away.
4. She is feeling unwell so she cannot attend her office today.
5. The child felt hungry, so he started weeping.
Rewrite the following Complex sentences as Simple sentences

1. Women who are pious are always respected by all.
2. I do not know the way which leads to the house.
3. The guest who sat in the room could not hear the voice.
4. She hoped that she would be successful in the examination.
5. A man who is fair in his dealing is always trusted.
*****
PART - II 5. JUMBLED SENTENCES Marks : 2

Rearrange the words into correct order to make meaningful sentence.
1. to / went / school / meet / teacher / he / his /to
He went to school to meet his teacher.
2. to / Martin / music / listening / now / is
Martin is listening to music now.
3. play / they / hand ball / in / evening / the / always
They always paly handball in the evening.
4. did / I / my / do /homework / in / not / room / my
I did not do my homework in my room.

5. in / can /Berlin / uncle / visit / he/ his

He can visit his uncle in Berlin.
6. lunch / we / not / at / yesterday / have / school / did
We did not have lunch at school yesterday.
7. when / get / you / up / in / morning / the / do
When do you get up in the morning?
8. arrives / in / late / always / she / late/ morning / the
She always arrives late in the morning.
9. under/ Alex / sang / shower / the / loudly / song
Alex sang the song loudly under the shower.
10. Victoria / the / at / leaves / bus / station / 7 o’clock.

The bus leaves Victoria station at 7 o’ clock.
Self - Evaluation
Rearrange the words into correct order to make meaningful sentence.
1. help / with / my / friends / homework / I / their _______________________________________
2. are / make / sad /people / when / laugh / they / I _______________________________________
3. talk / to / friends / on / phone / I /my / the _______________________________________
4. sports / I / at /weekends / not / do / play / the _______________________________________
5. play / I / musical / in / evening /a / instrument / the _______________________________________
6. do / the / I / brothers / housework / my / for _______________________________________
7. shy / not /meet / I / new people / I am / when _______________________________________
8. do / exercise / how / you / do / often / ? _______________________________________
9. your / how / friend / old / is / best/? _______________________________________
10. have / many / you / brother and sisters / how / got / ?
_______________________________________
11. work / last / how / you / did / much / do / home /night? _______________________________________

12. you / the / often / do / cinema / go / to / how / ?

_______________________________________
13. sitting / best / next / me / my / is / friend / to
_______________________________________
14. blue / not / I / wearing / am / something
_______________________________________
15. of / the/ back/ house / 10 / there / in / were / pots
_______________________________________
16. my /standing / is / me / teacher /behind
_______________________________________
17. TV / we / not / are / watching
_______________________________________
18. a / not / I / writing /with / am /pencil
_______________________________________
19. playing / friends / football / not / are /my
_______________________________________
20. the / I / going / am / to / not / cinema
_______________________________________
*****

58 SURYA ENGLISH
PART - II 6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS Marks : 2
Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun. ... The most common
relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and that.
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that refers to a noun going before it and also joins two clauses together.
PART - II
The chief relative pronouns are – who, what, which, whom, whose, that.
• She is the girl who got the first prize.
• This is what I want.
• This is the boy whose mother is the principal of the school.
• This is the singer whom everyone praises.
• I saw a book, which was written by my friend in a bookshop.
• The hunter saw a huge bird that was multi colored.
Generally ‘who’ is used for persons only - both for singular and plural.
• I saw a man who was blind.
• Blessed are those who seek God.
• The soldiers who belonged to Light Brigade fought bravely.
‘Who’ may be used for animals.
‘Which’ is used for things and animals – both for singular and plural.
• The time, which is lost, is lost forever.
• The lion, which is known as the king of the forest, is a ferocious animal.
• The table, which I bought from you, is very useful to me.
‘That’ is used for persons and things – both for singular and plural.
• This is the girl that got first rank in her class.
• I know the house that she lives in.
• I lost the pen that my father gave me.
• The plants that are tall should be pruned.
‘That’ is used after adjectives in the superlative degree.

• It is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
• The most beautiful lady that ever lived was Helen of Troy.
• This is the best that I can do.
The word ‘as’ is used as a relative pronoun after such and sometimes after the same. ‘As’ is also used
as relative pronoun after as followed by an adjective.
• The poor beggar spent money such as rich men have.
• We never enjoyed such a party as the present one.
• This book is the same as that.
• He ate as much as possible.
• He bowled as many balls as possible.
(The first is an adverb)

Position of relative pronoun

The relative pronoun must be placed near its noun or pronoun. Otherwise there may be some confusion
in the meaning of the sentence.
• My friend came who is working in Chennai. (Incorrect)
• My friend who is working in Chennai came. (Correct)
• She lived in a house near the bank of the river, which was made of stones. (Incorrect)
• She lived in a house, which was made of stones near the bank of the river. (Correct)

Join the following sentences by using relative pronouns.
1. This is the boy. He won the race.
This is the boy who won the race.
2. Show me the book. You bought it yesterday.
Show the book which you bought yesterday.
3. Is there anyone here? Who can help me do this homework?
Is there anyone who can help me to do this homework?
4. That is the house. I was born here.
This is the house where I was born
5. The wrong deeds we do. They are more often remembered than our good ones.
The wrong deeds which we do are more often remembered than our good ones.
6. My friend’s father works in Agra. He has made clay model of the Taj
My friend’s father who works in Agra has made clay model of the Taj.
7. She invited her friends for the party. Most of them came to the party.
Most of the friends whom she invited came to the party.
8. I live in Kumarasamy’s house. He owns most of the mills in this town.
Kumarasamy whose house I live in owns most of the mills in this town.
9. Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright. He lived in the 16th century
Shakespeare who lived in the 16th century is considered the greatest playwright.
10. I work in this place. It is close to a long river.

I work in a place which is close to a long river.
Self - Evaluation
Join the following sentences by using relative pronouns.
1. Siva’s father is a rich man. He donated liberally for the cause.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. They saw a grass snake. It had just swallowed a frog.
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. The water is brought by the lorries. It is contaminated with rusted iron particles.
______________________________________________________________________________________

60 SURYA ENGLISH
4. My uncle is in Singapore. He has sent me a new cell phone.

______________________________________________________________________________________
5. He bought the flowers. They were fresh.
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. The girl’s purse was missing. She reported to the Principal.
______________________________________________________________________________________
7. There goes our leader. We call him Mr. Clean.
PART - II
______________________________________________________________________________________
8. Sachin keeps the batting record. It will remain unbroken till another great batsman comes.
______________________________________________________________________________________
9. This is a long forgotten story. It fascinates one and all.
______________________________________________________________________________________
10. They say something. Listen to them.

______________________________________________________________________________________
11. He went to the village. His parents were living there.

______________________________________________________________________________________
12. Kanyakumari has many interesting places. He lives there.

______________________________________________________________________________________
13. Joseph’s wife is a doctor. Joseph is an efficient police-officer.

______________________________________________________________________________________
14. My neighbour is mercy personified. He is a role model for the rich people.

______________________________________________________________________________________
15. The institute’s reputation was in question. It progressed amazingly

______________________________________________________________________________________
*****
PART - II 7. ROAD MAPS Marks : 2
Tips
• Go straight. • It’s next to ..........
• Turn left/right. • It’s on the corner.
• Keep walking long the main road. • It’s about 100 metres from here..........
• Walk past the market/the temple. • you can see .......... opposite/near ..........
• Turn left into ........... street. • you can see .......... at the end of .........
• Cross .............
• Turn right/left at the crossroads.
• Take the first road on the right.


1. A man approaches you to direct him to a nearby bank. Here you find a road map. Write two

instructions to help him.
Raja Stores
Main Road
State Bank
Bus Stop
School (You are here)

Answer:
Go straight and you will come to the main road. Turn left and walk straight. Go beyond the bus stand. You
will see the State Bank to your left hand side.
Self - Evaluation
1. Show the direction to the hospital.
(You are here) Bus Stand
Gandhi Road
Park
Hospital Siva Stores
2. Show the direction to the post office.

Post Office Bus Stop
College Road
Hospital Temple
Hospital Road
You are here
3. Show the direction to the Swimming pool.
Swimming Pool
Daniel Street
Park School
Main Road
You are here

62 SURYA ENGLISH
4. Show the direction to the City Bus Stand.

You are here
City Bank
Nethaji Road
School
PART - II
R.K Street
Siva Stores
Main Road
City Bus Stand
5. A man asks you to direct him to a nearby auditorium. Guide him with your direction in about
50 words
You are here
Bank
Temple Street
auditorium
Lake Road
6. A man asks you to direct him to a post office. Guide him with your direction in about 50 words.

You are here

Market Street
Shanthi Street
Siva Hospital
Brett’s Road
Post Office
*****

DRILL BOOK 63
PART - III 1. POETIC DEVICES Marks : 5
Poetic Devices
• Alliteration • Onomatopoeia
• Imagery • Personification
• Metaphor • Rhyme
• Simile
Alliteration can be defined as a series of words, occurring close together in the phrases or lines of
poetry, that have the same first consonant sound.
• A strong example of alliteration is in the tongue twister Peter Piper.
• Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers
Imagery, in a literary or poetic sense, is the author’s use of description and vivid language, deepening
the reader’s understanding of the work, by appealing to the senses.
There are different types of imagery. These include:
• Visual imagery which refers to sights and allows the reader to visualise the subject, objects or
events in the poem.
• Auditory imagery refers to sounds and reminds the reader of common or specific sounds as a
point of reference to deepen understanding.
• Kinesthetic imagery is related to movement and reminds the reader of body movement or
positions that are familiar or imagined – such as the feeling of flying.
• Smells and tastes can be referred to as Olfactory or Gustatory imagery respectively.
• Tactile imagery refers to texture and feeling.
• All imagery is aided through the use of other poetic devices, such as simile, metaphor, personification,
onomatopoeia, etc.
Metaphor is a common poetic device where an object in, or the subject of, a poem is described as
being the same as another otherwise unrelated object.
A beautiful example can be seen in the first stanza of The Highwayman by Alfred Noyes, in the line:
• The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas…
Simile is common poetic device. The subject of the poem is described by comparing it to another
object or subject, using ‘as’ or ‘like’.
• For example, the subject may be ‘creeping as quietly as a mouse’ or be ‘sly, like a fox.’
Rhyme is the repetition of syllables, typically at the end of a verse line. Rhymed words conventionally
share all sounds following the word’s last stressed syllable.
Rhyme is one of the first poetic devices that we become familiar with but it can be a tricky poetic device
to work with. Matching content to a rhyming pattern takes a lot of skill.
It sat alone.
What happened there is still today unknown.
It is a very mysterious place,
And inside you can tell it has a ton of space,
The rhyme pattern is aa bb
Personification is a poetic device where animals, plants or even inanimate objects, are given human
qualities – resulting in a poem full of imagery and description.

64 SURYA ENGLISH
The willow and the wind

are natural dancing partners;
look how the willow weeps
with the joy of movement,
skillfully rooted to the spot
Onomatopoeia, according to the Oxford Dictionary, is the ‘formation of a word which describes its
sound’. Examples of onomatopoeic words include sizzle, clap, moo, roar, etc.

Read the following stanza and answer the questions that follow.
1. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear
From what the future veils; but with a whole
And happy heart, that pays its toll
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
PART - III
i) Pick out the rhyming words.

fear – cheer; whole – toll .
ii) Write the rhyme scheme of the given stanza.
abba.
iii) Identify the figure of speech employed in the fourth line.
Personification.
iv) Pick out the alliterating words.

what – with – whole; happy – heart; to – travels

2. They growl at that and they growl at this;
Whatever comes, there is something amiss;
And whether their station be high or humble,
They are all known by the name of Grumble.
this – amiss; humble – Grumble
ii) Write down the rhyme scheme.
aa bb.
iii) Identify the poetic device employed in the last line.

Personification.

that – this; high – humble

3. She’s a lioness; don’t mess with her.

She’ll not spare you if you’re a prankster.
Don’t ever try to saw her pride, her self-respect.
She knows how to thaw you, saw you – so beware!
her – prankster – beware
aaba.

DRILL BOOK 65
iii) Identify the poetic device employed in the first line.

Metaphor.

she – spare
Self - Evaluation
1. We were taken from the ore-bed and the mine,
We were melted in the furnace and the pit
We were cast and wrought and hammered to design,
We were cut and filed and tooled and gauged to fit.
iv) Pick out the alliterating word.
2. We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive,
We can print and plough and weave and heat and light,
We can run and race and swim and fly and dive,
We can see and hear and count and read and write!
3. We were taken from the ore-bed and the mine,
We were melted in the furnace and the pit
We were cast and wrought and hammered to design,
We were cut and filed and tooled and gauged to fit.
4. It sat alone.
What happened there is still today unknown.
It is a very mysterious place,
And inside you can tell it has a ton of space,
But at the same time it is bare to the bone.
*****

66 SURYA ENGLISH
PART - III 2. PARAPHRASE Marks : 5

1. Paraphrase the following stanza.
Let me but live my life from year to year,
With forward face and unreluctant soul;
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
Not mourning for the things that disappear
In the dim past, nor holding back in fear
From what the future veils; but with a whole
And happy heart, that pays its toll
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
PART - III
Answer:
In this stanza the poet says that he wants to live his life without any hesitation, always looking forward
and advancing towards his goal without any hurry and distraction. He just wants to live in the present
without mourning for the things in the past and without fearing for the future’s uncertainties hidden behind
the vein of the present. He wants to move forward in life with happy heart, paying all the dues demanded
by age and continue to travel forward.
They growl at that and they growl at this;
Whatever comes, there is something amiss;
And whether their station be high or humble,
They are all known by the name of Grumble.
Answer:
The people grumble at everything. Whatever they get they see wrong in it. Whether they get high
position or low position they always grumble.
Strong is she in her faith and beliefs.
“Persistence is the key to everything,” says she.
Despite the sighs and groans and moans,
She’s strong in her faith, firm in her belief!
Answer:
Woman is very strong in her faith and beliefs. She says that determination is responsible for all success.

In spite of her groaning and moaning she is strong in her faith and belief.
Self - Evaluation
Paraphrase the following stanza.
1. A woman is beauty innate,
A symbol of power and strength.
She puts her life at stake,
She’s real, she’s not fake!

DRILL BOOK 67
2. Go then”, says the ant, “and dance the winter away”.

Thus ending, he hastily lifted the wicket,
And out of the door turned the poor little cricket.
Folks call this a fable. I‘ll warrant it true:
Some crickets have four legs, and some have two.
3. Some water, coal, and oil is all we ask,

And a thousandth of an inch to give us play:
And now, if you will set us to our task,
We will serve you four and twenty hours a day!
4. Remember, no men are strange, no countries foreign

Beneath all uniforms, a single body breathes
Like ours: the land our brothers walk upon
Is earth like this, in which we all shall lie.
5. At night the house seems to be alive,

Lights flicker on and off.
I am often tempted to go to the house,
To just take a look and see what it is really about,
But fear takes over me.
*****
PART - III 3. COHERENT ORDER Marks : 5
Self - Evaluation
Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.
1. 1. He was the leader of all the released spirits.

2. Ariel was one of the spirits released by Prospero.
3. Prospero was a kind person and he had magical power.
4. He did everything demanded by Prospero.
5. Prospero released the spirits imprisoned by Sycorax.
2. 1. Zigzag kept the nuts and fruits on chandelier and fan.
2. Arvind started a conversation but the bird did not speak.

3. Visu, the cook brought Zigzag.
4. They gave nuts and fruits to Zigzag.
5. Maya and Arvind were happy to receive the bird.
3. 1. The news reached other soldiers.

2. The soldiers did not know their general was a lady.
3. Hey shouted that they would not work under a lady.
4. But when the war came they all fought together.
5. When Mulan fell sick the doctor came to know that the general was a lady.

68 SURYA ENGLISH
4. 1. The son made up his mind to take back his mother home.
2. The mother dropped the small twigs as markers on the way to help her son return.
3. Once in Shining, a cruel ruler declared that all old people must be put to death.
4. When the farmer bade farewell, she advised him to return home with the aid of twigs.
5. A farmer decided to leave his old mother on top of a mountain.
5. 1. The director of Earth Herald went to the dining hall.

2. When he finished his lunch, he went across space by aero-car.
3. The clock struck twelve.
4. After visiting Niagara, he returned to New York by way of Philadelphia and Boston.
5. Food would come to him through a network of pneumatic tubes.
6. 1. As the sun was setting he started running towards home.

2. On his way back he walked along the canal.
3. His mother sent him to his blind friend to give him some cakes.
4. He noticed the rain had swollen water level.
PART - III
5. Peter was eight years old.
7. 1. But he had no attachment with his family members.

2. Tom’s uncle was a bachelor.
3. Tom’s mother told him that his uncle would never help him.
4. He had the habit of collecting precious stones.
5. He was an inventor and mechanical engineer.
*****
PART - III 4. PROSE COMPREHENSION Marks : 5

1. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a long
elastic cord. The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but it is also
possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to hover
above the ground. The thrill comes from the free- falling and the rebound. When the person jumps, the cord
stretches and the jumper flies upwards again as the cord recoils, and continues to oscillate up and down until
all the kinetic energy is dissipated.
Jumping Heights, located in Mohan Chatti village, in Rishikesh has been rated as one of the most
preferred bungee jumping destinations in India at a height of 83 meters. It is the only place in India
where bungee jumping can be done from a fixed platform. This is also India’s only fixed platform Bungee-
performed from a professional cantilever, to separate it from entertainment parks, and create instead, an
extreme adventure zone. The Bungee has been designed by David Allardice of New Zealand.
The Cantilever platform is built over a rocky cliff over-looking the river Hall, a tributary of River Ganges.
Bungee-ing amidst the vastness of nature lends the experience an absolutely breathtaking quality. Jumping
heights is well known for its safety measures and experienced staff. It costs around Rs 2500 per jump, a
bit expensive, but totally worth the experience. The Bungee jumping experience has been set amidst the

DRILL BOOK 69
astoundingly stunning landscape of Rishikesh. To Bungee jump, one must be at least 12 years and should
weigh between 40-110 kg.
Questions:
i. What is Bungee Jumping?
Bungee Jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a long

elastic cord.
ii. Can Bungee be performed from a movable object? How?
Yes, it can be performed from a movable object such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the

ability to hover above the ground.

iii. When do you think Bungee becomes thrilling?

Bungee becomes thrilling from the free-falling and the rebound.

iv. What is the experience when one falls off the platform?

When one falls off the platform, the cord stretches and the jumper flies upwards again as the cord

recoils, and continues to oscillate up and down until all the kinetic energy is dissipated.
2. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
“Oh, so you’re going abroad? Can you bring me back…..?” I’ve been asked to bring back a vaccine for a
course. Once I searched the suburbs of Paris for two days for a special brand of ceramic paint. Having spent
a lot of money for Cartier lighter refills, I had them confiscated at the airport just before boarding because
the gas might be dangerous in the air.
Now, two months before a trip, I stop talking to people so they won’t suspect I’m about to travel. But
someone always catches me.” I’ve heard you’re going to New York, and I want you to get something for
me. It’s just a little thing you can find anywhere. I don’t know exactly how much it costs, but it shouldn’t be
much. We’ll settle up when you get back”.
What Gilson asked me to buy was, in fact a little thing: a tie. But not just any tie. He wanted a tie with
a small embroidered G. Any colour would do, as long as it had his initial. Look , this is a special flight, I
explained . We are only staying Saturday through Tuesday. On the day we arrived I didn’t have time to think
about the tie, but strolling around on Sunday I did see ties bearing various letters in more than one shop
window. They were cheap, just a dollar, but all the shops were closed.
On Monday, lunch lasted the whole afternoon. Then it was Tuesday morning, time to leave. It was only
when I saw our airport bus waiting outside the hotel that I remembered the tie.
I told the group to go on. I would get a taxi to the airport. And so I went in search of a nearby shop
where I had seen ties.
But I couldn’t find it. I walked further down the street-one, two, three blocks - all in vain. Back at the
hotel, a bit anxious now, I took my suitcase, got a taxi and asked the driver to rush to the street where I had
seen them.
The driver stopped at each shop we passed so I could look from the window. The stores had all sorts
of ties, but not the kind I was looking for.
When I finally thought I had located the right shop, I decided to go in and check. The driver refused to
wait. Parking was prohibited, he said. I promised to double the fare, jumped out and ran into the shop. Was
I going to miss the plane just for a damned tie?
The salesman was unbearably slow. When I realized that the smallest change I had was a ten dollar
note , I grabbed ten ties of different colours so I wouldn’t have to wait for change. I rushed out with the ties

70 SURYA ENGLISH
in a paper bag.
On the street I looked around. The taxi had vanished, taking my suitcase. What is more, I was going to
miss the plane.
I ran to the corner, and hope flared up again: the taxi was waiting in the next street. Quick to the
airport! As I settled down inside the taxi. I sighed with relief. Gilson was going to have enough initialized ties
to last him a lifetime.
When I reached the airport, I paid the taxi driver the double fare and grabbed my suitcase. Panting, I
boarded the plane under the reproachful gaze of the other passengers, all primly seated with their seat belts
fastened. Ready to take off. Departure had been delayed because of me.
“At least I hope you found your tie”, said one who knew the story.
“I did”, I answered triumphantly.
After making myself comfortable, I reached for the paper bag to show the ties.
I had left it behind; in the taxi.
PART - III
Questions:
i. What was the writer always asked to do whenever he planned to go abroad?
The writer was asked to bring something like a vaccine, ceramic paint and tie.
ii. What did Gilson want the writer to bring for him?
Gilson wanted the writer to bring for him a tie with a letter G on it.
iii. When did the writer remember the fact that he had to buy something for Mr. Gilson?

When the airport bus was waiting outside the hotel he remembered the fact that he had to buy

something for Mr. Gilson.

iv. Why were the other passengers in the flight gazing at the writer?
The passengers were gazing at the writer because he was late to the flight and the flight was waiting

for him.
3. Read the following letter from a parent to her son’s coach and answer the questions given
below.
Dear coach,
Thanks for the special gifts that you have given to my child. You learned his name and spoke it often.
You taught him the basics of the sport as well as special ways to improve and excel. Although you had a
whole team of kids to mentor, you took time for individual instruction where needed.
Under your care, I have watched him transform from a timid, doubting child to a strong, happy player
willing to give all for the team. Throughout the season when he gave his best, even though it was not quite
enough to gain that extra point, you recognised his contribution with a pat on the back and encouraging
words.
Your wise approach showed him that, although winning is a goal, there are other goals just as worthy.
He learned the value of finishing what he started and joy of personal accomplishment. These attributes
carried him through a season that was full of hard work and fun, discouragement and resolve, defeat and
victory.
And at the very end, at the championship meet when he brought home his first place medal, you were
among those who were so very proud of how far he had come. It is a victory to all of us. What amazes me
is you’ve taught them skills that will last a lifetime. You’ve kindled in them a desire to excel. The medals,

DRILL BOOK 71
trophies and ribbons are all symbols of real gifts. These most certainly have had to come straight from your
heart.
With appreciation,
A parent.
Questions.
i. What did the coach teach the child?
The coach taught the child the basics of sport.
ii. What values did the child learn?
The child learnt the value of finishing what he had started and joy of personal accomplishment.
iii. The parents noticed some changes in the child. What were they?

Some changes the parents noticed in the child were that he went through a season of hard work and

fun, discouragement and resolve, defeat and victory.

iv. Read the letter again and write a few lines on each of the following:

a) things that the coach taught...

The coach taught him the basics of the sport as well as special ways to improve and excel.

Although there was a team of kids to mentor, he found time for individual instruction where
needed.
b) transformation in the child....
Under the coach’s care the child transformed from a timid, doubting child to a strong, happy player

willing to give all for the team. When the child did not gain extra point, the coach recognized his
contribution with a pat on the back and encouraging words.
c) things that amazed the writer...
The coach has taught the players the skills that will last a lifetime. He has kindled in them a

desire to excel. The medals, trophies and ribbons are all symbols of real gifts.
4. Read the story carefully and answer the questions asked below
A Mystery Case
For a man of ease, John Mathew kept an arduous schedule. On Wednesdays, for example, he was
awakened at 9.00 and served breakfast in bed by Emanuel, his chef. Next came a quick fitness session
with Basky, his personal trainer. Then, at 10.30, John Mathew answered his mail, returned phone calls and
rearranged his social calendar helped by Louise, his secretary. At noon, John Mathew drove his Jaguar to the
station and took a commuter train into Guindy for his weekly lunch with Lalli and Lolly, his two oldest and
dearest friends. Then, on to a little shopping. The 4:05 nonstop would bring him back to Tambaram. As John
Mathew drove up to the house at 5:00, Basky would have already set up the massage table and warmed
the scented oils for a soothing herbal wrap. It was a gruelling life but John seemed to thrive on it. On this
Wednesday, however, there was an unexpected change of plans. Today John’s shopping errand involved
taking his diamond bracelet into the jeweller’s for cleaning. He threw the expensive jewel into his purse and
proceeded on to lunch.
As John waved his friends good-bye and exited the restaurant, he sensed he was being followed. The
feeling continued until he reached Tenth Avenue. Then, as he joined the throng of shoppers, John felt a hug.
Within a split-second, a man riding past him, pillion on a bike rode grabbing his purse. He couldn’t guess

who the culprit was?

72 SURYA ENGLISH
Questions:
1. Match the correct following.
i. A man of ease – a) Emmanuel
ii. John’s trainer – b) Lalli and Lolly
iii. Mathew’s secretary – c) John Mathew
iv. John’s chef – d) Louise
v. Mathew’s friends – e) Basky Ans: i.c ii.e iii.d iv.a v.b
2. State whether the given statements are true or false. If false correct the statement.
1. Mathew is a very busy man. – True
2. He woke up very late in the morning. – True
3. He always had lunch with his family. – False
Correct Statement: He has weekly lunch with his friends Lalli and Lolly.
4. He exercised with Louise every day. – False
Correct Statement: He exercised with Baskey.
PART - III
5. He preferred handling mail by himself. – True

*****
PART - III 5. ADVERTISEMENT MAKING Marks : 5
An advertisement should include the following to make it attractive.

• Name of the product / brand / outlet.
• Address with contact information and websites.
• Appealing Images (visuals) of the Product / Service / Idea to be advertised.
• Target demographics / audience / customers.
• Feel -Good discounts and offers.
• Colourful Background.
• Colourful and readable text.
• Brief and catchy descriptions and benefits about the product.
• Use borders and lines to organize.
Now look at the model Advertisement given below.

DRILL BOOK 73

Prepare an advertisement on the information given below.
1. Classes for NEET and JEEE – previous results – experienced teachers – two months course –
begins in April – crash course – 10 tests.
NEET & JEE

50% and above admission to NEET and JEE
 Experienced teachers

 Two months course

Begins in
 Crash course Tests
April
Contact No: 9883422247

II Floor, Garden Arcade,
Salem – New Bus Stand.
Self - Evaluation
Prepare an advertisement on the information given below.
1. Laptop & Computer shop — Systems for students — special discounts — affordable price — limited period

offer — details: visit: www.stulap.com

2. Malaysia — 3 nights and 2 days — Rs. 20,000/- accommodation, sight seeing — book now — Tours and

Travels — M.G.Road — Bangalore.

3. Mouth watering — delicious food — hygienic preparation — affordable price — excellent service — open

air — elegant and posh.

4. Sale of furniture — wooden chairs — dining tables — teakwood tables — comfortable sofa cum bed — all

under one roof — door delivery —15% less — hurry.

5. Pen world – mightier than sword – variety of pens – different –dazzling colours – writes smoothly – price

from Rs. 10 to Rs.1000/- – for gifts – personal use.

6. Fresh fruits – Vegetables from farms – healthy – juicy – tasty – low price – care for health – fruits and

vegetables – 59, Mint street, Trichy.

7. Kanchipuram silk Sarees Sale – Discount for Pongal and Wedding Collections – Adundant collections

– Computer Design Sarees and New varieties – 106. West Perumal Maistry Street, Madurai – Mobile :
9843141557
8. Mouth watering - delicious food - hygenic preparation - affordable prices - makes you long for more - Crave

and Rave Vegetarian Restaurant, Coimbatore.

9. Videocon sale – 20% discount, – gift hampers – Adi Special offer – (Cell No. 999 888 7771)

10. Colourful and beautiful toys – novel – eco-friendly – non toxic – handy – buy one get one – sale for 5 days

– venue – Abi mall, Porur, Chennai.

*****

74 SURYA ENGLISH
PART - III 6. LETTER WRITING Marks : 5
Letters
Personal Letter (or) Official Letter (or)

Informal Letter Formal Letter
To Friends (or) Relatives To officials
FORMAL LETTER
TIPS:
PART - III
Formal language should be used.

The letter should start with an introduction.
It should end with a request.
Format of Official / Formal Letter

From
xxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxx,
25 April 2020.
To
______________,
______________,
______________.
Sir,
Sub: __________________________
Ref: __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
Thank you,
Yours faithfully,
xxxxx.

1. Write a letter to the Headmaster of your school requesting him to issue your Transfer Certificate.

From
XXX,
YYY.
3rd March 2020

DRILL BOOK 75
To
The Headmaster,
ABC School,
Tenkasi - 5.
Sir,
Sub: Request for Transfer Certificate - regarding.

I had been a student of class XII during the academic year 2017-18. I passed the public examination
conducted in March 2018 obtaining 90%. I would like to join Government Arts and Science College and so I
have to submit my TC with the application.
I humbly request you to issue me my transfer certificate.
Thank you,
Yours faithfully,
XXX.
2. Write a letter to the Postmaster of your village informing him of your change of address.
Date: 25.03.20
From
XXX,
YYY.
To
The Postmaster,
Nattarmangalam,
Sankarankoil - 5.
Sir,
Sub: Request for redirecting letters to the new address - regarding.

We have shifted our house bearing the number 15, M.G. Street, Nattamangalam to the new house at
23, Nehru Colony, Nattamangalam.

Kindly take note of change of address and redirect all the correspondence to the new residential address
at the earliest.
Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
XXX.
INFORMAL LETTER
TIPS:
Informal letter can be called a heart-to-heart talk.
So, the style should be conversational.
It may end with best wishes, warm regards, prayer for speedy recovery etc.,
Format of Informal Letter

xxxxxx,
29 Apr, 2020.
Dear ____________,
________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.

76 SURYA ENGLISH
With best wishes / regards,

Yours lovingly,
XXX.
1. Write a letter to your father seeking his permission to join swimming class.
YYY,
15th Feb 2021.
Dear Dad,

How are you and Mom? I am doing well. I am preparing for my revision tests that will commence shortly.
I have holidays on Saturdays and Sundays. So, I would like to join swimming class which I am certain, will
refresh me. The coach is experienced, kind and patient. I hope he will take every precaution and train me
with his expertise.

So, please permit me to join the swimming class by sending a letter of permission with Rs. 2,500
PART - III
towards the fee.

With warm regards,
Yours lovingly,
XXX.
Address on the envelope:
To
Mr. V. Rajaram,
25, Car Street,
Madurai - 1.
2. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to a local festival.
YYY,
25th July 2020.
Dear Jothi,

I am well. I hope you are also well. I have great pleasure in inviting you to the festival we are going to
celebrate next Monday. It will be very interesting as well as exciting to watch the car that will pass through
important streets in our village. Fun-filled games will be conducted for children and students. Instrumental
music programme and concert have been organised. The three-day festival will be full of fun and frolic.

I will be very happy if you join us a few days earlier and spend a couple of days with us enjoying the
programme.
Your affectionate friend,
XXX.
3. Write a letter to the editor.
You are Ajeet, living in a remote village in Tirunelveli. You participated in a health camp
organised by your school. You were surprised to observe that most of the residents were
unaware of health and hygiene. As a concerned citizen, write a letter to the editor stating the
need to organise such camps focusing on the importance of health and hygiene.
18, Appar Street,
K.N. Colony,
Salem – 636 014.

DRILL BOOK 77
October 10, 2020.
The Editor,
The Hindu,
ABC Street,
Salem – 4.
Sir,
Subject: The need for conducting health camps - reg.
I attended a health camp organised by my school in a remote village. It was a successful camp but I was
astonished to know the poor knowledge of the villages regarding health and hygiene. We have many NGOs
who are interested to do something for the welfare of the people. They could take up this a matter of top
priority by conducting health in far-flung camp in deep villages to make the people aware of the importance
of health and hygiene. This will be a good service to the humanity.
I humbly request you to publish this in your esteemed daily so that some NGOs may take up this task.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully,
Ajeet.
4. You are Sanjay. Your colony utilises solar energy to light the common areas. You find many
friends of your colony forgetting to switch off the lights in the common area. As a responsible
citizen, write a letter to a newspaper, echoing the importance to conserve and preserve solar
energy.
12, Gandhi Road,
Erode.
October 22, 2020.
The Editor,
The Hindu,
ABC Street,
Erode.
Sir,
Subject: Awareness to preserve solar energy - reg.
I am very proud to say that our colony MGR Nagar is using solar energy to electrify the common areas.
In this way we have become a model area for many colonies. Unless we get the full support of all the people
we may fail in conserving the solar energy. In the recent past it has been found out that many people forget

to switch off the lights in the common area. Thus the solar energy is wasted. I request the people to take
the responsibility to conserve the solar energy by switching off the lights when they are not needed.
I humbly request you to publish this in your esteemed daily so that the people of that area will take up
the responsibility
Thanking you
Yours faithfully,
Sanjay.

78 SURYA ENGLISH
Self - Evaluation
1. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to your birthday party.
2. Write a letter to your uncle thanking him for his birthday gift.
3. Write a letter to your father seeking permission to join an excursion party.
4. Write a letter to your friend who is in hospital enquiring about his/her health.
5. Write a letter to your friend expressing your inability to attend his/her brother’s marriage.
6. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to the House Warming Ceremony.
7. Write a letter to your uncle requesting him to advise you on choice of career after passing +2 exam.

8. Write a letter to an English Professor requesting him to inaugurate English Literary Association of your

school.
9. Write a letter to the manager of a factory seeking permission to visit the factory.
10. Write a letter to a bank company complaining about the books which are in damaged condition.
11. Write a letter to the editor to control the traffic flow during the peak hours.
PART - III
12. Write a letter to the editor regarding abolishing capital punishment.

13. Write a letter to the editor complaining against poor supply of water.
14. Write a letter to the editor complaining against low voltage and frequent breakdown of electricity in your
area.
15. Write a letter to the editor complaining against hoardings that cause accidents.
*****
PART - III 7. NOTICE PREPARATION Marks : 5
A notice is a written or printed announcement (Example - a notice for sale).

It is written in order to inform a large number of people about something that has happened or is about
to happen.
It could be an upcoming event, competition, Lost and found notice or just a piece of information to be
delivered to the targeted audience.
It is generally written in a formal tone. Notices are factual and to-the-point. The language used is simple
and formal, not flowery. They are put up on display boards in schools or at public places.
Points to follow to write notice:
• Do not cross the word limit to avoid penalty of marks.
• Repetition of any information should be avoided.
• Always enclose the notice in a box. Make sure you draw the box with a pencil.
• Keep your notice short, crisp and to-the-point.
• Highlight the word “NOTICE” and “TITLE”. It can be either bold or underlined.
• The title should be captivating and eye-catching.
• Don’t make hypothetical information and facts. Make use of what’s given in the question.
• Make sure you do not mention your personal information.
• Make use of all the available information in the question.
• Your answer shall include answers to all the 5 W’s – What, Why, When, Where and Who.
• The purpose for which it is being written should be stated clearly.
• Focus on presentation and clarity.

DRILL BOOK 79
Model of Notice
Name of the issuing agency / authority

NOTICE
Date of issue / Release of the notice
Title / Subject of the Event
BODY
(Date/time/duration/Place/Venue)
Authorized signatory
(Name, Designation and signature)

Prepare a notice on the given topic.
1. You are Asma/Ashish, the head girl/boy of XYZ international school. Your school is soon going
to publish the annual magazine next month. Write a notice for the notice board of your school
inviting students to submit write-ups.
XYZ INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

NOTICE
REQUEST FOR SUBMISSION OF ARTICLES
March 01, 2020.
This is to inform all the students that our school is going to publish its annual magazine next
month. All those who wish to contribute can mail their entries to xyzmagazine@gmail.com. Write-ups
will be accepted latest by March 30, 2021 till 11:59 pm. You can take any topic of your choice. For
further information, contact your respective class teachers.
Thank you,
Asma/Ashish,
Head Girl/Head Boy.
2. You are Ruhi/Rahul, head girl/boy of ABC convent school. Your school is going to organize an
inter-school singing competition. Write a notice for your school notice board inviting names of
all the interested students.
NOTICE
ABC CONVENT SCHOOL
INTER-SCHOOL SINGING COMPETITION
March 01, 2020.
Our school is organising an Inter-school Singing Competition on March 19, 2019. Tuesday at
12pm in the school auditorium. More than 20 schools from all over the city will participate. Interested
students may contact the undersigned latest by March 10, 2021.
Ruhi/Rahul,
Head girl/boy.

80 SURYA ENGLISH
Self - Evaluation
Prepare a notice on the given topic.
1. You are (David / Gita) the Sports Secretary of Modern Matric. School, Salem. Prepare a Notice for the school
students to inform them to participate in the sports day programme. Inform the dates and avenue.
2. You are the secretary of the ABC Colony, Erode. Prepare a Notice for the residents to participate in a

medical camp. Many doctors will come for consultation.

3. You are the S P L of Martin Matric. School. Prepare a notice about the planned annual day of your school
for the school students. Inform the date.
4. You are the secretary of English Literary Association of your school. Prepare a notice informing the students

about the different completions to be conducted by the ELA. Inform them the names of programmes and
the dates.
5. Prepare a notice about Magic show to be conducted in your school in connection with raising fund for flood
PART - III
victims.
6. Prepare a notice for the residents in your colony stressing the need for cleanliness.
7. Prepare a notice for the students of your school to park their cycles/two-wheelers in the shed.
*****
PART - III 8. PICTURES AND VIEWS Marks : 5

1. Look at the following picture and express your views on it in about five sentences.
Answer:
• The picture shows the unhygienic condition of our road side hotels.
• A man is coming out of a road side hotel.
• Another man, who seems to be a tourist, looks at the dog which is eating what is thrown on the road
presumably from the hotel.
• It looks like a residential area also.
• How will people lead a healthy life if outside sanitation is in this condition? If the people are

irresponsible about the sanitation around them, at least the municipality or corporation should
remove the thrown away leftovers in time.
• It is our responsibility to keep our surroundings clean.

DRILL BOOK 81
Self - Evaluation
1. Look at the picture and express your views on it.
*****

82 SURYA ENGLISH
PART - III 9. NOTE MAKING AND SUMMARISING Marks : 5
Note Making
TIPS:
• Make the notes as brief as possible.
• Give Roman letters to main points.
• Give no. like i, ii, iii to sub-points.
• Do not take more than three main points.
• Write the notes with dashes.
• Write in the form of phrases.

PART - III
Model 1
Make notes of the following passage and make a summary using the notes.
No study of English can be complete without a reference to a dictionary of idioms. Collins Dictionary

of English idioms is very useful. In this dictionary, you will find clearly explained meanings of over three

thousand common English idioms. To make the meaning even clearer, each idiom has an example sentences,

which also helps to show you how the idiom can be used. In this dictionary the emphasis is on true idioms,
ie. expressions whose meanings cannot be easily worked out from the words they contain. When it comes

to understanding English, it is these expressions which cause most difficult to the learner. And also there are

great variations in the way these idioms are used; many of the variations are to be found in this dictionary.
The main emphasis is on the understanding of the meanings of the idioms, rather than attempting to be a
complete guide to idiomatic usage.
Notes
use of Collins dictionary of English idioms.
I. Common English idioms
i. three thousand
ii. examples
II. Emphasis on true idioms
i. difficulty in understanding
III. Emphasis on understanding idioms

Summary
Rough draft
Title: Collins Dictionary of English Idioms
‘Collins Dictionary of English Idioms’ is useful to understand English idioms. It has more than three
thousand common English idioms. It gives examples for better understanding. It gives emphasis on true

idioms, whose meanings are not easy to workout. The variations in meanings give difficulty in understanding

the expression. This dictionary emphasises on the understanding of the meanings of the idioms.


DRILL BOOK 83
Fair copy
Title: Collins Dictionary of English Idioms
‘Collins Dictionary of English Idioms’ is useful to understand English idioms. It has more than
three thousand common English idioms. It gives examples for better understanding. It gives emphasis

on true idioms, whose meanings are not easy to workout. The variations in meanings give difficulty in

understanding the expression. This dictionary emphasises on the understanding of the meanings of the

idioms.
Model 2
Make notes of the following passage and make a summary using the notes.
The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or his
daughter that he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest

to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name may become traitors. The money
that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him perhaps when he needs it most. The one absolutely

unselfish friend that man can have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts, the one that never proves
ungrateful or treacherous is his dog.
Notes
• the best friend become enemy
• sons and daughters ungrateful
• money doesn’t stay forever
• only his dog stays forever
Rough draft:
Title: The Dog – The Best Friend of Man
Man’s best friend may leave him and become his enemy. Even his sons and daughters may show
ungratefulness. His near and dear ones may become traitors. His money may not be with him forever. Only
his unselfish dog may stand by him forever.

Fair copy
Title: The Dog – The Best Friend of Man
Man’s best friend may leave him and become his enemy. Even his sons and daughters may show
ungratefulness. His near and dear ones may become traitors. His money may not be with him forever.
Only his unselfish dog may stand by him forever.
Self - Evaluation
Make notes of the following passage or make a summary using the notes.
1. It is everyone’s desire to have a personality that is appreciated and admired by all. Personality is the

combination of Physical, emotional, spiritual and Psychological aspects in a person. If you wish to enhance

your personality, start by respecting yourself and believing in your ability to win respect from others. Have a

positive attitude. In your interaction with others be polite and gentle doing good to them as for as possible.

Give importance to your words. Speak only when required and is of utmost necessity. What you say has

tremendous power. It can hurt, it can heal; it can charm or it can harm. A kind word can support a person,

motivate him and make him feel good. Be devoted and committed to your work. Remember you are

always a learner. The higher you reach the more humble you should be. Your personality shows when you

have a positive outlook, the right communication, commitment to work, the will to serve others and humble

acceptance of success.

84 SURYA ENGLISH
2. One of Napoleon’s favourite maxims was: “The truest wisdom is a resolute determination.” His life vividly
showed what a powerful and unscrupulous will could accomplish. He threw his whole force of body and

mind direct upon his work. He was told that Alps stood in the way of his armies. There should be no Alps,

he said, and the road across the Simplon was constructed through a district formerly almost inaccessible.
‘Impossible’, said he, ‘is a word only to be found in the dictionary of fools.’ He toiled terrible; sometimes

employing and exhausting four secretaries at a time. He spared no one, not even himself. His influence

inspired other men, and put a new life into them.
3. Each one of us must realize that the only future for India and her people is one of tolerance and co-operation
which has been the basis of our culture from ages past. We have laid down in our Constitution that India is

a secular state. This does not mean irreligion. It means equal respect for all faiths and equal opportunities

for those who profess any faith. We have, therefore, always to keep in mind this visual aspect of our culture

which has also of the highest importance in India of today. Those who put up barrier between one India

and another, and who promote disruptive tendencies do not serve the cause of India or her culture. They
weaken us at home and discredit us abroad

4. Some ladies and gentlemen from the United States of America came out to India on a pleasure trip. Among
PART - III
the many cities they visited Calcutta was one that left an impression on their minds. They arrived in

Calcutta about the middle of the month of October in the year 1929. At this time of the year almost all the
Hindus in the Presidency of Bengal were busy with ‘Durga Puja’. The party of Americans saw that a great

many of the shops were closed . Almost all government offices, schools and colleges were also closed on

account of Durga Puja holidays. On the last day a large crowd followed a big idol which appeared to be

made of silver and decorated with jewels which must have a cost a very large sum of money. This was the
idol of Goddess Durga. The Americans expressed their great and sincere admiration for the devotion and

faith of the worshippers of Goddess Durga. But they could not understand why such an idol which people

held in high esteem, should have been thrown into the river Hooghly.
*****

DRILL BOOK 85
PART - III 10. ERROR SPOTTING Marks : 5
Error Spotting
Usually in ‘error spotting question’ the following areas are tested.
• articles • subject – verb concord
• prepositions • linkers
• tense forms • question tags
• singular – plural • non-finite verbs
Articles
Incorrect Correct
1. The man is mortal. Man is mortal.
2. She is in a trouble. She is in trouble.
3. He joined an university. He joined a university.
4. The table is made of the wood. The table is made of wood.
5. He is a honourable man. He is an honourable man.
Preposition
Incorrect Correct
6. She wrote me. She wrote to me.
7. My friend suggested me this. My friend suggested this to me.
8. I told to him to complete the work. I told him to complete the work.
9. I accompanied with my friends. I accompanied my friends.
10. We discussed on this matter. We discussed this matter.
Subject-verb concord
Incorrect Correct
11. More than fifty guests is expected. More than fifty guests are expected.
12. Neither coffee nor tea are good for me. Neither coffee nor tea is good for me.
13. The majority of the boys wants David to be their The majority of the boys want David to be their
captain. captain.
14. Bread and butter are the wholesome food. Bread and butter is the wholesome food.
15. Every one of the boys were present in the class. Every one of the boys was present in the class.
Verbs
Incorrect Correct
16. She wept bitterly as she is beaten by her mother. She wept bitterly as she was beaten by her
mother.
17. I am reading this book for five hours. I have been reading this book for five hours.
18. She wanted to know how I have done my business. She wanted to know how I had done my business.
19. He had reached yesterday. He reached yesterday.
20 When I went to the station the train left. When I went to the station the train had left.

86 SURYA ENGLISH
Miscellaneous
21. People wear safety belt to avoid injured in People wear safety belt to avoid being injured

accident. in accident.
22. He knows to drive the car. He knows how to drive the car.
23. He has been selling car since 10 years. He has been selling car for 10 years.
24. The mother made the child to drink milk. The mother made the child drink milk.
25. The teacher asked them to stop to write as soon The teacher asked them to stop writing as soon
as the bell rang. as the bell rang.
26. I had gone to cinema yesterday. I went to cinema yesterday.
27. United States has a large navy. The United States has a large navy.
28. I go to the school every day at 7.30 am. I go to school every day at 7. 30 am.
29. Each of the boys were rewarded. Each of the boys was rewarded.
30. Slow and steady win the race. Slow and steady wins the race.
31. He is ill for a week. He has been ill for a week.
PART - III
32. The teacher is angry on me. The teacher is angry with me.
33. My mother and myself went to Mumbai. My mother and I went to Mumbai.
34. I sold my furnitures. I sold my furniture.
35. My father gave me good advices. My father gave me good advice.
36. The two brothers helped one another. The two brothers helped each other.
37. Poor should be helped. The poor should be helped.
38. He told that he was ill. He said that he was ill.
39. Neither Rama nor Krishna have come. Neither Rama nor Krishna has come.
40. Though he is fat yet he runs fast. Though he is fat he runs fast.
41. Either of the roads lead to the market. Either of the roads leads to the market.
42. The teacher asked to me a question. The teacher asked me a question.
43. No sooner did we reach the station when the No sooner did we reach the station than the train
train started. started.
44. Neither he nor I are willing to do the work. . Neither he nor I am willing to do the work.
45. The sun rose before I woke up. The sun had risen before I woke up.
46. We heard him to ask the favour. We heard him ask the favour.
47. The old lady lost her money purse. The old lady lost her purse.

Incorrect sentences Correct sentences
I wish I get some cold drinks. I wish I got some cold drinks
Hello were are you going? Hello, where are you going?
Its wrong to steal. It’s wrong to steal.
She was born on the 24th May 1952 in Tamil Nadu. She was born on 24th May 1952 in Tamil Nadu.
If I was you, I would not attend Mohan’s wedding. If I were you, I would not attend Mohan’s wedding.
Internet has brought out a major change in the Internet has brought out a major change in the
technology sphere. technological sphere.

DRILL BOOK 87
Incorrect sentences Correct sentences

Dad, you ve got to get a hospital “He told him”, right “Dad, you’ve got to a hospital” he told him, “right
now! now!”
What do you mean? are you all right really? What do you mean? Are you all right really?
When Ram was 21 he sat in the GATE When Ram was 21 he sat for the GATE
Tax saving’s are vital to financial planning. Tax savings are vital to financial planning.
Okay hear is your medicine, “the doctor said “Okay, here is your medicine” said the doctor.
The tourist said, “What a lovely peace of art is it!” The tourist said, “What a lovely peace of art it is!”
If you can unlock your own sence of humour, you’ll If you can unlock your own sense of humour, you’ll
possible unlock others. possibly unlock others.
He told to me that the paper work for my adoption He told me that the paper work for my adoption was
was coming. coming.
The patient said, “It is easy for doctors to give The patient said, “It is easy for doctors to give
advise!” advice!”
I own you an apology,” he said. “I owe you an apology,” he said.
I am reading “The Times of India” daily. I read “The Times of India” daily.
Anandhi has passed in the LAS examination. Anandhi has passed the LAS examination.
She is one year younger than L. She is one year younger to L.
If it will rain, I’ll come and meet you in the car. If it rains, I’ll come and meet you in the car.
Her oral English is very fluent and clear. Her spoken English is very fluent and clear.
The childrens hospital has it’s own star. The children’s hospital has its own star.
Trouser’s at reduced prices. Trousers at reduced prices.
Thanks to you, your’struely. Thanks to you, yours truly.
“You’ve cut of your hair?” asked Jim. “Have you cut off your hair?” asked Jim.
What is your mother name? What is your mother’s name?
Mens clothe’s on sail. Men’s clothes on sale.
Please be in hand in case we need you. Please be at hand in case we need you.
The convict said the judge is mad. The convict said, “The judge is mad”
I wish I was a bird. I wish I were a bird.
My wife didn’t knew English.. My wife didn’t know English.
Your daughter have an inferiority complexion. Your daughter has an inferiority complex.
Do you need cold drink? Do you need cold drinks?
The big ship “Titanic” drowned. The big ship “Titanic” was drowned.
She has planted roses in the backside. She has planted roses in the backyard.
I’m always wanted to visit Rome. I’ve always wanted to visit Rome.
Bill stickers will be persecuted. Billstickers will be prosecuted.
Was you pleased to see him? Were you pleased to see him.
He was not knowing my address. He did not know my address.
I have passed B.A in 2005. I passed B.A in 2005.

88 SURYA ENGLISH
Self - Evaluation
Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.
1. 1. One of the boy fell into the ditch.
2. The old man died on cholera.
3. Every boy gives their best performance.
4. Neither Gita or her friend go there.
5. The manger with his workers work hard to complete the work.
2. 1. If I was the bird I would fly away.

2. My neighbour is a honest man.
3. She told to her father about the tour.
4. He went out of the theatre because the movie is boring.
5. Before I left my house I locked the door.
3. 1. The doctor had checked the patient yesterday.

PART - III
2. He has visited his uncle two days back.

3. Our teacher teach the lessons well.
4. If he had studied well he would pass the exam easily.
5. He knows to type.
4. 1. The builder want to finish the work within a month.

2. Sun rises in the east.
3. He was seeing the pictures.
4. I wish I was a rich man to help the poor.
5. On the way the stranger met an young boy.
5. 1. The mother asked to her son to go the shop to buy some sugar.
2. More than sixty students attends the lecture.
3. She hung the calendar in the wall.
4. She was born on July.
5. My sister had checked bills just now.
6. 1. They have a beautiful horse over the lake.

2. We walked through the ice.
3. An old fat lady crossed the road hurriedly.
4. He is an angry and young man.
5. I spent a little money my father gave me.
7. 1. She rarely plays the Veena, doesn’t she?

2. You have made a very good progress.
3. The car was parked before the post office.
4. He killed the spider by a shoe.
5. Most people care for other people’s opinions.
8. 1. The older I get, happier I am.

2. He is the nicest when he is with children.
3. We don’t know when will the meeting be held.
4. The teacher congratulated Sumathi for her winning the cup.
5. I was writing since 10 o’clock
*****

DRILL BOOK 89
PART - IV 1. PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION Marks : 5
Self - Evaluation
1. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below.
Habit formation is the process by which new behaviors become automatic. Habits are sometimes
compulsory. Old habits are hard to break and new habits are hard to form. That’s because the behavioral
patterns we repeat most often are literally etched in our neural pathways. The good news is that through
repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. Men are considered voracious eaters, besides acquiring some
bad habits such as drinking and smoking. There are more and more people who are acquiring bad eating
habits because of a lot of factors. The problem has gone to alarming proportions and it is time that experts
on nutrition join hands to look more closely at the causes of these bad eating habits. Drinking too much
can lower your body’s calcium supply and reduce bone formation. Smoking is also harmful. It causes lung
problems, which in turn make the heart work harder. A bad habit is a negative behavior pattern. The best
time to correct a bad habit is immediately, before it becomes established.
Questions:
i. Why old habits are hard to break?
ii. How is it possible to form new habits?
iii. What are the bad habits of men mentioned here?

iv. Why should the nutrition exerts joins hands now?

Juvenile delinquency refers to antisocial or illegal behavior by children or adolescents. A Juvenile
Delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would’ve
been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Youth crime is a major issue and is an aspect of crime
which receives great attention from the news media. The cause of juvenile crime is not within the persons
themselves but is due to external factors. These causes may be within an individual’s social circumstances
or could be related to social policies. These people believe crime is created by social structures such as
poverty, a peer group which believes there is nothing wrong with crime and a racial imbalance in the justice
system. Television and movies have popularized the “cult of heroes”, which promotes justice through the
physical elimination of enemies. Many researchers have concluded that young people who watch violence
tend to behave more aggressively or violently, particularly when provoked. Children who receive adequate
parental supervision are less likely to engage in criminal activities.
Questions:
i. What is juvenile delinquency?
ii. Who is a juvenile delinquent?
iii. What are the causes for juvenile delinquency?

iv. How do movies and television shows become cause for juvenile delinquency?

Perhaps the Earthquake is the most fearful natural phenomenon in the human life. It is more so,
because it is unpredictable and arrives without notice or without announcing its vigor and strength. Scientists
are constantly in search of this unknown. The major events of the earthquakes from the human viewpoint
are realized on review of some major catastrophes. An earthquake is a tremor of the earth’s surface usually
triggered by the release of underground stress along fault lines. This release causes movement in masses
of rock and resulting shock waves. Earthquakes are so violent that they can raze cities. Major part of the
world is affected by earthquakes regularly though some are not felt due to low intensity. Gas lines burst
and fire engulfs the entire city. Tsunami is caused by an earthquake. During an earthquake, seismic waves
can produce powerful ocean waves. If earthquake strikes mountains region it creates avalanches.

90 SURYA ENGLISH
Questions:
i. Why is earthquake the most fearful natural phenomenon?
ii. What is earthquake?
iii. What can earthquake do to cities?

iv. What do earthquake create in sea and mountain?

The Chinese were the first to make gun powder, invent the magnetic compass and give to the
world the art of making paper. About 2000 years ago the Chinese made gun powder by mixing sulphur
and saltpeter. The mixture exploded when set on fire. The Chinese were the first to find out the fact that
a narrow magnet floating in a bowl of water would always point to the North. The discovery led to the
invention of magnetic compass. This device helped the sailors to find out the direction when they were
out of sight of land. The Chinese invented the art of making paper using vegetable pulp which reached
Arabia, Spain and Europe. In course of time paper factories came into existence. The fourth invention of the
Chinese was the art of printing. Before this invention, books were written by hand. The Chinese invented
the art of printing with movable types. With this invention reading and learning became open to ordinary
people as they were able to print books in large numbers.
Questions:
i. What are the achievements of China mentioned here?
ii. When was the gun powder made first?
iii. What was the mixture used to make gun powder?

iv. How was the magnetic compass invented?

Oils are of three main kinds – vegetable, animal and mineral oil. Vegetable oil is obtained by crushing
PART - IV
oilseeds. Mineral oil is pumped out from deep under the earth. Animal oil is got from the fat of animals.
To extract vegetable oil, the dried oilseeds are put in the crushing machine and oil is squeezed out. This
is collected in containers. Mineral oil is pumped out by digging oil wells. These are found deep below the
ground. Holes are drilled and oil is pumped out or forced out. The crude oil is a source of many useful
things. We get kerosene, petrol and diesel out of crude oil. We use most of the vegetable oils for cooking.
Mineral oils are mainly used as fuel. Animal oils are used as medicine. For example, shark liver oil is given
to strengthen weak children. Neem oil, lime oil and sandalwood oil also have medicinal value.
Questions:
i. From where do we get oils?
iii.
What is the use of animal oil?
ii. How do we get mineral oil?
iv. How do we use vegetable oil?
*****
PART - IV 2. POEM COMPREHENSION Marks : 5

1. Read the following poem and answer questions that follow.
When I behold the heavens as in their prime, once he’s laid
And then the earth, though old, still clad in green, By birth more noble than those creatures all,
The stones and trees insensible of time, Yet seems by nature and by custom cursed —
Nor age nor wrinkle on their front are seen; No sooner born but grief and care make fall
If winter comes and greenness then doth fade, That state obliterate he had at first;
A spring returns, and they’re more youthful made. Nor youth, nor strength, nor wisdom spring again,
But man grows old, lies down, remains where Nor habitations long their names retain,

DRILL BOOK 91
But in oblivion to the final day remain. Because they’re bigger and their bodies stronger?
Shall I then praise the heavens, the trees, the earth, Nay, they shall darken, perish, fade, and die,
Because their beauty and their strength last longer? And when unmade so ever shall they lie;
Shall I wish there or never he had birth, But man was made for endless immortality.
Questions with Answers:
i. How is the old earth dressed up? iii. How is human birth described?
Old earth is dressed up in green. Human birth is nobler than all creatures but
ii. What happens when winter comes? seems to be cursed.
When winter comes green colour fades iv. What will happen to the strength?
away. The strength will fade and perish.
And now there came both mist and snow, The ice was here, the ice was there,
And it grew wondrous cold: The ice was all around:
And ice, mast-high, came floating by, It cracked and growled, and roared and howled,
As green as emerald. Like noises in a sound! ,
And through the drifts the snowy cliffs At length did cross an Albatross,
Did send a dismal sheen: Thorough the fog it came;
Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken – As if it had been a Christian soul,
The ice was all between. We hailed it in God s name.
Questions with Answers:
i. According to the poet what came there?
According to the poet there came mist and snow.
ii. How did the ice look like?
The ice was shining and it came in different shapes like men and beasts.
iii. Where could the poet see the ice?
The poet could see ice everywhere.
iv. Which crossed through the fog?
Albatross crossed through the fog.
Self - Evaluation
Woodman, that tree! My mother kissed me here,

Touch not a single bough My father pressed my hand

In youth, it sheltered me, Forgive this foolish tear,

And I’ll protect it now. But let that oak stand!

‘T was my forefather’s hand My heartstrings round thee cling

That placed it near his cot; Close as thy bark, old friend!
There, woodman, let it stand, Here shall the wild birds sing,
Thy axe shall harm it not! And still, thy branches bend.
When but an idle boy Old tree! The storm still brave!

I sought its grateful shade; And woodman leave the spot;

In all their gushing joy While I have a hand to save,

Here, too, my sisters played. Thy axe shall harm it not

Questions:
i. Why does the poet want the woodman to spare the tree?

ii. Who planted the tree?


92 SURYA ENGLISH
iii. How will the poet guard the tree?

iv. Where did the poet spend a lot of his time?
2.
Read the following poem and answer questions that follow.
I’m an angel disguised with dimpled cheeks and laughing eyes.
Don’t you want me? I am your baby.
I have come as a gift from heaven’s hall in your heart.
Oh, hear my call Mother keep me I am your baby
Oh Mother, let me live, don’t take away my life. Mother let me live.
You know it isn’t right to stop me being born, I want to be yours
Oh Mother, let me live, don’t take away my life. Mother let me live.
I want to live my life.
Mother, you will see when you look at me and you hold me in your arms
You’ll fall In love with me,
Like a flower in your care, I am a gift so pure and fair.
Don’t you want me? I am your baby.
Questions:
i. Whose cry is this poem?
ii. What does the mother know?

iii. Which expression expresses the child’s desire to live?

iv. When will the mother fall in love with the child?

3.
In the middle of the city Scribble on his trousers,
PART - IV
Is an open space called a Park; He has to be left alone,

It is difficult for us to do what we like there In the middle of the grass, there is some water
Even after dark. Surrounded by an asphalt path;
In the middle of the Park, there is a statue, We are forbidden to fish or throw stones into it
A huge man made of stone; Or swim or take a bath.
We are not allowed to climb his legs or
Questions:
i. What is the open space called?
ii. What is not possible even after dark?

iii. Who do you think is forbidden from running freely in the park?

iv. Whose statue is in the park?

4.
Thank God, the planets don’t revolve In straight efficient lines
In perfect circles around the sun. From the heights down to the sea,
But wonder oval orbits But crash their way down mountain sides,
Far away in space Fall over rocky cliffs,
Thank God, the axis of the earth And carve out twisting valleys where they run.
Is turning tilted like a top Thank God, thank God for all our days
And wobbles as it spins And for every single creature
Thank God, rivers never flow And each one’s singular, quirky ways.
Questions
i. Why should we thank God for planets? iii.
How do rivers flow?
ii. How does the axis of the earth turn? iv. What do the rivers carve?
*****

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REVISED ENRICHED EDITION 2020-21

T. BACKIYARAJ, A. AROCKIA DOSS,

R.C. FLORENCE, M.A. B.Ed. V. REUBAN XAVIER, M.A., M.Phil.,

Corporate Office: Registered Office:

OUR BANK DETAILS

Account Name : SURYA PUBLICATIONS

S.No. TITLES Page No.

4. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 10

5. ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS 14

11. IDIOMS AND PHRASES 37

1. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE 40

2. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 44

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S.No. TITLES Page No.

8. PICTURES AND VIEWS 80

9. NOTE MAKING AND SUMMARISING 82

10. ERROR SPOTTING 85

1. PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION 89

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PART - I 1. SYNONYMS Mark : 1

2. He wanted to go back to bed, I gripped his arm.

3. India’s disabled are deprived by attitudinal barriers.

2. How ignorant you are! Watson!” he said with a groan.

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PART - I 2. ANTONYMS Mark : 1

2. The steps had ceased.

2. Anything which is below certain threshold can be self-ordered by the appliance.

3. ------had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school.

2. He turned his beak sideways and crowed amusedly.

2. We witnessed the brilliant Southern Lights from sea.

3. The sun was soothing.

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2. ‘This was my favourite room.’ said Aditya.

3. It is also a boon to citizens with special needs.

PART - I 3. PLURAL Mark : 1

• More than one calf = calves

• More than one knife = knives

• More than one loaf = loaves

• More than one person = people

• More than one mouse = mice

• More than one child = children

• More than one foot = feet

• More than one goose = geese

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• There are several varieties of grass.

• There are three different kinds of mud.

• The ancient people had a few types of styles of dress.

• fish is “fish” whether singular or plural.

• bison is “bison” whether singular or plural.

• moose is “moose” whether singular or plural.

• elk is “elk” whether singular or plural.

Other Irregular Plurals

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  Some words ending in “o” can be spelled either way.

Some of the irregular nouns with plural forms:

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hoof hooves or hoofs hypothesis hypotheses

Exercise with Answer

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9. index a) indices b) indexs c) indice

Some words ending in “o” can be spelled either way.

2. terminus a) termini b) terminuses c) terminuss

3. aquarium a) aquarias b) aquaria/aquariums c) aquaries

4. sheep a) sheep b) sheeps c) sheepes

5. swine a) swine b) swinis c) swiness

6. datum a) datas b) data c) datums

7. spoonful a) spoonsful b) spoonsfuls c) spoonfuls

8. spectacles a) spectacle b) spectacles c) spectacless

9. scissors a) scissor b) scissors c) scissores

Abbreviation cannot be read as a word.