KWALITATIB - nadebelop ng social sciences na layuning nakatuon ang pag-aaral sa

sosyal at kultural na penomena. Kagaya halimbawa na lamang na action researh , case

study , etnograpi at grounded na teorya.sarbey na metodo ,matematikal at
laboratoryong mga eksperimento.

ETNOGRAPI - Ang mga etnograper ay kinakailangang ang pangangailangang ang

panahon sa kung saang lugar na pinili ng kanilang gagawing pananaliksik.
Makipagsalamuha sila sa kung anong mayroon ang pamumuhay na kultural ng mga
taong napokusan nila ng pag-aaral sa kabuuuang kultural na pangkat.
Etnographers required to spend significant amount of time in the field. Immerse
themselves in the lives of the people they study focuses on entire cultural group.

Phenomenology - study of lived experienced.

Grounded Theory - research method that seeks to develop theory that is grounded in
data systematically gathered and analyzed continous data collection and analysis.

VALIDITY - means truth interpreted by a social phenomena.

RELIABILITY - degree of consistency with same category by same observes in

different occasssions.

METODO SA PANGANGALAP NG DATOS

PKIKIPANAYAM
FGD
OBSERBASYON
KOLEKSYON NG DOKUMENTO
KOLEKSYON NG NARATIBO

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VALIDITY IN QUALITATVE RESEARCH
Validity indicates consistency and trustworthiness regarding activities and events
associates with the phenomenon as signified by the study results explored in research.
(Golafshani ,2003).
Validity in research is concerned with the accuracy and truthfulness of scientific
findings. Some qualitative researchres have argued that the term validity is not
applicable to qualitative research and have related it to term such as quality ,rigor and
trustworthiness.Another technique to establish validity is to seek alternative explanation
to what appear to research results. If the researchers is able to exclude other
scenarios ,he or she is able to strengthen the validity of the findings.Related to this
technique is asking questions in an inverse format.
In qualitative research to increase the credebility to increase the credebility and
validity of the results we will use the triangulation method. According to O; Donoghue
and Punch (2003). Triangulation is a “method of cross-checking data from multiple
sources to search for regularities in the research data. In 1978, Norman Denzin
identified from basic types of triangulation.1) data triangulation: the use of multiple data
sources in a single study 2.) investigation triangulation : the use of multiple
investigation/researchers, to study a prticular phenomenon,3.) theory triangulation: the
use of multiple perspective.
In addition , to add rigorous ,breadth and depth to a study ( Denzin and Lincoln ,
1998) there arefour common forms of triangulation.1.) data triangulation means that the
etnographers uses a variety of data sources for the study, for examlpe a range of
different informants ,2.) method triangulation means the use of multiple methofs in the
same project for example interviews and observation if possible ,the tenographers uses
meaningful theories and or perspective to interpret a single set of data.