LECTURE NO 6:

T C E L L - M E D I AT E D
IMMUNITY AND ITS
EFFECTOR
MECHANISM
PA R T 1
JAREL ELGIN M. TOLENTINO
B I O L O G Y F A C U LT Y, A D A M S O N U N I V E R S I T Y
jmtolentino4@up.edu.ph
 OVERVIEW
T lymphocytes perform multiple
functions in defending against
infections by various kinds of microbes.
A major role for T lymphocytes is in
cell- mediated immunity, which
provides defense against infections by
intracellular microbes.
OVERVIEW
TOPIC NO. 1

PHASES OF T
CELL
RESPONSES
Naive T lymphocytes recognize antigens
in the peripheral (secondary) lymphoid
organs, which initiates proliferation of
the T cells and their differentiation into
effector and memory cells, and the
effector cells perform their functions
when they are activated by the same
antigens in peripheral tissues or
lymphoid organs.
The responses of naive T
lymphocytes to cell-associated
microbial antigens consist of a
series of sequential steps that result
in an increase in the number of
antigen-specific T cells and the
conversion of naive T cells to
effector and memory cells.
TOPIC NO. 2

ANTIGEN
RECOGNITION
AND
C O S T I M U L AT I O N
The initiation of T cell
responses requires
multiple receptors on the T
cells recognizing ligands
on APCs.
The biochemical signals that
lead to T cell activation are
triggered by a set of proteins
linked to the TCR that are part
of the TCR complex and by
the CD4 or CD8 coreceptor.
ROLE OF ADHESION MOLECULES
IN T CELL RESPONSES

Adhesion molecules on T
cells recognize their
ligands on APCs and
stabilize the binding of the
T cells to the APCs.
 R O L E O F C O S T I M U L AT I O N I N
T C E L L A C T I V AT I O N

The full activation of T cells

depends on the
recognition of
costimulators on APCs in
addition to antigen.
R O L E O F C O S T I M U L AT I O N I N
T C E L L A C T I V AT I O N
 I N H I B I T O RY R E C E P T O R S O F T
CELLS

Inhibitory receptors are

critical for limit- ing and
terminating immune
responses.
 S T I M U L I F O R A C T I V AT I O N O F
C D 8 +T C E L L S

The activation of CD8 T

cells is
+

stimulated by recognition of
class I MHC–associated
peptides and requires
costimulation and helper T
cells.
 S T I M U L I F O R A C T I V AT I O N O F
C D 8 +T C E L L S

The differentiation of naive CD8 +

T cells into fully active cytotoxic

T lymphocytes (CTLs), and, even
more, into memory cells, may re-
quire the concomitant activation
of CD8 Helper T Cells.
+
TOPIC NO. 3

BIOCHEMICAL
PAT H W AY S O F
T CELL
A C T I V AT I O N
Following the recognition of
antigens and costimulators,
T cells express proteins that
are involved in their
proliferation, differentiation,
and effector functions
Antigen recognition activates
several biochemical
mechanisms that lead to T cell
responses, including the
activation of enzymes such as
kinases, recruitment of adaptor
proteins, and production of
active transcription factors.
•N u c l e a r f a c t o r o f
activated T cells (NFAT)
•R a s / R a c - M A P K i n a s e
pathways
•PI-3 Kinase Pathway
TOPIC NO. 4

FUNCTIONAL
RESPONSES OF T
LY M P H O C Y T E S T O
ANTIGEN AND
C O S T I M U L AT I O N
The recognition of antigen and
costimulators by T cells initiates an
orchestrated set of responses that
culminate in the expansion of the
antigen-specific clones of
lymphocytes and the differentiation
of the naive T cells into effector
cells and memory cells.
 TO BE
CONTINUED