Lecture

1. Culture

Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language,
religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. ... The word "culture" derives from a French term, which
in turn derives from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and
nurture.

Culture is the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics shared by groups of people. ... Some
cultures place significant value in things such as ceremonial artifacts, jewelry, or even clothing. For
example, Christmas trees can be considered ceremonial or cultural objects.

Customs, laws, dress, architectural style, social standards, religious beliefs, and traditions are all
examples of cultural elements. Since 2010, Culture is considered the Fourth Pillar of Sustainable
Development goals by UNESCO.

In addition to its intrinsic value, culture provides important social and economic benefits. With improved
learning and health, increased tolerance, and opportunities to come together with others, culture
enhances our quality of life and increases overall well-being for both individuals and communities.

2. Perception

noun. the act or faculty of perceiving, or apprehending by means of the senses or of the mind; cognition;
understanding. immediate or intuitive recognition or appreciation, as of moral, psychological, or
aesthetic qualities; insight; intuition; discernment: an artist of rare perception.
Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information. This process affects our
communication because we respond to stimuli differently, whether they are objects or persons, based
on how we perceive them.

Perception is awareness, comprehension or an understanding of something. An example of perception is

knowing when to try a different technique with a student to increase their learning. Organization,
identification, and interpretation of sensory information. Conscious understanding of something.

The four types of extrasensory perception include clairvoyance, psychokinesis, telepathy and
precognition.

Clairvoyance. Clairvoyance is the capability to acquire information about a particular object, scenario,
physical event or location using extrasensory means. ... 

Psychokinesis. ... 

Precognition. ... 

Telepathy.

3. Cultural pattern

Six Fundamental Patterns of Cultural Differences

Different Communication Styles. ... 

Different Attitudes Toward Conflict. ... 

Different Approaches to Completing Tasks. ... 

Different Decision-Making Styles. ... 

Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure. ... 

Different Approaches to Knowing.

There are seven elements, or parts, of a single culture. They are social organization, customs, religion,
language, government, economy, and arts. Within this larger culture are subcultures, cultures that are
not large enough to encompass an entire society, but still belong within the culture of that society.

Culture is LEARNED– that is, we learn the rules about what to do within our culture from each other. ...
Culture is PATTERNED – We tend to do the same things again and again, and, within cultural groups, we
tend to use the same kinds of objects for the same kinds of activities.

Culture has five basic characteristics: It is learned, shared, based on symbols, integrated, and dynamic.
All cultures share these basic features. Culture is learned. It is not biological; we do not inherit it.

4. Essentialism in culture 

Essentialism is the view that every entity has a set of attributes that are necessary to its identity and
function. In early Western thought, Plato's idealism held that all things have such an "essence"—an
"idea" or "form". ... The contrary view—non-essentialism—denies the need to posit such an "essence'".

As its deployment in such works confirms, essentialism is thought to be a bad thing. ... Yet it is also
commonly argued that we cannot avoid at least some kind of essentialism: that it is a politically
necessary shorthand; or even, in some arguments, a psychologically inevitable feature of the way
human beings think.

Essentialists believe that teachers should try to embed traditional moral values and virtues such as
respect for authority, perseverance, fidelity to duty, consideration for others, and practicality and
intellectual knowledge that students need to become model citizens.
5. Language and culture

Language and culture are intertwined. A particular language usually points out to a specific group of
people. When you interact with another language, it means that you are also interacting with the
culture that speaks the language. You cannot understand one's culture without accessing its language

The author of the "Why Is Language a Cultural Resource" paper explains whether provisions should be
made for the support of lesser-used and indigenous languages in the United States. Language is a
cultural resource because it is one of the mechanisms by which social relationships are represented…

Cultural values are the core principles and ideals upon which an entire community exists. This is made
up of several parts: customs, which are traditions and rituals; values, which are beliefs; and culture,
which is all of a group's guiding values.

Culture refers to dynamic social systems and shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, knowledge, attitudes
and values. Culture provides the environment in which languages develop, even as it influences how
they are used and interpreted. ... Languages and cultures merit study and celebration in their own right.

6. Cross cultural management

Cultural management includes the planning, processing, monitoring, and controlling of management
functions in an international and cross-cultural context.

Cross-cultural learning increases students' understanding of their own and other cultures; it enhances
one's knowledge of the norms, values, and behaviors that exist in cultures. ... In general, it creates in
students self-awareness, awareness about one's own culture, and appreciation for cultural differences
Cross cultural management helps us to interact, understand and deal with people who belong to other
cultures. Cross-cultural management is important today because the organizations of today are global
entities rather than regional or national outfits that they used to be in the previous decades.

7. Cross cultural dialogue 

Inter-cultural dialogue entails the sharing of ideas and differences with the intent of developing a
deeper understanding of different perspectives and practices. According to UNESCO, intercultural
dialogue fosters social cohesion and helps to create an environment conducive to sustainable
development.

An active culture of dialogue creates transparency around individual and organizational assumptions
that drive the way we think and communicate about an issue. Sharing these assumptions and the
related feelings helps resolve them and build a common ground for the next steps.