Title:

The effects of having a probiotics rich diet on the digestion and bowel movement of nursing
student

Main objective:
To determine the effects of having a probiotics rich diet on the digestion and bowel
movement of nursing student as evidence by regular bowel movement.

Rationale:
Probiotics are believed to aid in the treatment or prevention of disease by modifying the
balance of gastrointestinal (GI) microflora or modulating the host immune system. The
metabolites produced by them not only modulate gastro-intestinal immunity, but also
impact distal organs like lung and brain. Micro-aspiration of gut bacteria or movement of
sensitized immune cells through lymph or bloodstream can also influence immune response
of other organs.

Scientific Rationale:
According to Sun et al., 2017 a large part of SCFAs produced in the gut are utilized as
energy source and can provide as high as ~10% of our daily caloric requirement (Bergman,
1990). Such roles of SCFAs thus indicate their association with metabolic disorders like
obesity and diabetes (Cho et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2014; Ríos-Covián et al., 2016). In vivo and
in vitro studies in mice have further shown that butyrate and propionate might induce
hormone production by gut bacteria (Lin et al., 2012; Tolhurst et al., 2012). The SCFAs bind
to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs; Den Besten et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2017) which
sense metabolites and trigger signaling pathways leading to anti-inflammatory effects on
the host immune responses.

Ref:
Anand S, Mande SS. Diet, Microbiota and Gut-Lung Connection. Front Microbiol.
2018;9:2147. Published 2018 Sep 19. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02147

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