OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE

Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

Chapter 1: Introduction

I. Rationale

The world is changing very fast. The rate of change is rising higher and higher every

minute, every hour, and every day. Indeed, these changes dramatically affect

everyone‘s life on the planet. From the smallest organisms up to the largest whales,

changes change us all.

It should be noted that majority of changes in our planet will lead to greater impacts

for humanity because they are the ones who are at the top of the food pyramid.

Because of being the greatest predator on Earth, every little amount of change in the

smallest algae on ocean will affect humans on the surface.

For emphasis, change in water quality is the main topic of this research which is

needed to be resolved. According to the United Nations, as human population continue

to inflate, declining water quality became a global issue that affects industries,

agriculture and human mortality itself. ―Invisible‖ crisis is coined to this problem because

majority of countries in the world are being blindfolded by money regarding this matter.

If there is no clean water, there will be no more healthy plant that grows on the

surface and therefore, there will be no food for primary consumers and omnivores such

as human beings. But there is still hope. Humanity‘s capabilities to think beyond the

horizon will someday make a solution for this. That time has come!
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

A group of students will try to fix this issue by using past researches to make an

innovative study about water filtration. They see the importance of water in the not so

far future where fresh, safe and clean water are scarce to be found. In particular,

studies about malunggay (moringa oleifera) seeds and guava (Psidium Gujava L.)

leaves are already present and can be searched on the internet in a readable format.

The problem that the researchers foresee is that these thesis and studies were

already there but are not executed because many governments around the world are off

for money rather than thinking about their citizens‘ safety.

These reasons were the fundamental reasons why the study Reusing Commercial

Water Wastes by Two Ways Organic Filtration System of Guava Leaves and

Malunggay Seeds for Watering Plants was conducted.

The product (water filtrator) will be subjected to tests and will be examined if it is

worthy to become a competitor of commercially available water filtration systems such

as activated carbon filtration system and seven stages water purifiers. If proven, will be

patented and will become an asset of our country.

Therefore, it does not only make citizen safe but is also a way to help our economy

to become energetic again.

The filtrator includes water pipes, water container/s and a motor that will let water to

circulate around the building to which gardens and plant pots are present. This will also
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

include the major materials for filtration which includes the malunggay seeds and guava

leaves which must be replaced monthly for effective performance of the filtration.

II. Statement of the Problem

Water is the universal solvent which dissolves majority of solutes in our planet.

Despite of being the solvent that dissolves many solutes, human activities and

increasing population dissolves water quality and make freshwaters dirty. If there is no

clean water on Earth, then there will also be no healthy plant that will grow on the

lithosphere. This will destroy the natural equilibrium of the planet and will cause hunger,

greater poverty and global fatalities.

The problem which the researchers try to solve is the water wastes that are going to

our lakes, rivers and oceans. These wastes are becoming stagnant to bodies of waters

which kill micro and macro organisms in the water. Those organisms will be consumed

by humans and will cause diseases and will eventually lead to death.

This problem can be solved by first solving these specific problems:

 Costly water filtration systems;

 Rot-causing bacteria in water;

 Untreated water
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

Innovative minds of researchers provide a solution for these problems by making a

Two Way Water Filtration System using Malunggay Seeds and Guava Leaves. Through

extensive research, they are able to engineer the features of this device and figure out

its design for making it effective in cleaning water to water plants. Along with the

rtesarch, the researchers aimed to answer the following questions:

1. Do/Does the two way water filtration system using malunggay seeds and

guava leaves for watering the plants:

 cost effective compared to the commercially available water filtrators?

 removes rot causing bacteria in water?

 removes odor?

III. Hypothesis

In the creation of two way water filtration system using malunggay seeds and guava

leaves, the following are hypothesized:

1. Two way water filtration system using malunggay seeds and guava leaves for

watering the plants:

 Is cost effective compared to the commercially available water filtrators

 removes rot causing bacteria in water

 removes odor
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

IV. Significance of the Study

The construction of Two Way Water Filtration System using Malunggay Seeds and

Guava Leaves signifies that past researches must be innovated to produce vital

technologies that are essential in this present era.

Consequently, the study will succor the following:

Farmers, Plant Growers and Nurserymen

They will have healthier crops because of this cheap water

filtration system that will eradicate diseases on their plants.

Future Researchers

The research about Reusing Commercial Water Wastes by

Two Ways Organic Filtration System of Guava Leaves and

Malunggay Seeds for Watering Plants will be a building block for

innovative research such as designing a hydroelectric generator

that will serve as power source of the product. They are also able to

provide answers for lapses in this research by reading the

recommendations on the chapter five of this research.

 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

Businessmen

Entrepreneurs can gain profit by manufacturing Two Way

Water Filtration System using Malunggay Seeds and Guava Leaves

as a product for their business. Adaptive, Organized, and Risk

Taker qualities of an entrepreneur will be necessary for success in

a filtration business.

V. Scope and Limitations

The study‘s range is only for commercial water wastes which are water wastes from

lavatories of office buildings and malls or shops. This may also work on water wastes

coming from the kitchen sink.

In particular, terminologies such as purifier and treatment system are considerable

terms for the product. But the researchers prefer to use filtration system because past

researches stated that malunggay seeds and guava leaves are water filtrators.
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

VI. Research Paradigm

The figure above depicts the research paradigm of the study. The box on the left

contains the independent variable while the box on the right contains the dependent

variables. The process was attested through experimentation.

 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Cost effectivity

Treating water by the use of moringa seeds and guava leaves are very cost

efficient. It is because these plants are to be found abundantly in provinces of the

Philippines. They don‘t cost a lot because they are often unconsumed and will

eventually rot because people prefer tasty meats and/or canned and processed foods.

Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) is a fruit knows for its antimicrobial effect on wounds. It

is traditionally placed in wounds of newly circumcised Filipino male after his cicumsition

(Filtradition.net, 2019).

On the other hand, malunggay is a common Filipino vegetable which is very healthy

and is present in Filipino viands such as ginataang alimango and can be a substitute for

papaya in tinola(Filtradition.net, 2019).

Aside from its nutritious facts, malunggay seed is a powerful water purifier because

of its antimicrobial effect according to a study conducted by Dr. Isidro Sia.

Water treatment (Moringa Oleifera)

Treating water using malunggay leaves is one of the major breakthroughs in

research field. An extensive research about it proves that moringa seeds can act as

both coagulant and an antimicrobial agent. Dr. Isidro Sia, a professor of the Department
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of the Philippines-Manila, said

moringa seeds have been found to be one of the most effective water purifiers, based

on international studies.

He said the technology is being used in Kenya, Indonesia and Uganda

(Philstar.com, 2018)

It is generally accepted that moringa works as a coagulant due to positively

charged, water-soluble proteins which bind with negatively charged particles (silt, clay,

bacteria, toxins, etc.) allowing the resulting ‗flocs‘ to settle to the bottom or be removed

by filtration. The antimicrobial aspects of moringa continue to be researched.

Solutions of moringa seeds for water treatment may be prepared from seed kernels

or from the solid residue left over after oil extraction.

Reports said moringa seeds, seed kernels or dried presscake can be stored for long

periods but moringa solutions for treating water should be prepared fresh each time. In

general, one seed kernel will treat one liter of water.

The process of treating the water with moringa seeds would take at least one to two

hours (moringastudies.com,2016).
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

Water treatment (Psidium Gujava L.)

The guava tree is an evergreen small tree. The guava leaves are 2 to 6 inches long

and 1 to 2 inches wide, aromatic when crushed, and appear dull-green with stiff but

coriaceous with pronounced veins. There are bioactive components in the guava leaf

that can fight against pathogens, regulate blood glucose levels, and can even aid in

weight loss. The leaves of guava contain an essential oil rich in cineol, tannins,

triterpenes, flavonoids, resin, eugenol, malic acid, fat, cellulose, chlorophyll, mineral

salts, and a number of other fixed substances.

The general techniques of medicinal plant extraction include maceration, infusion,

percolation, digestion, decoction, Soxhlet extraction, aqueous-alcoholic extraction by

fermentation, counter-current extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound

extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and phytonic extraction. Maceration extraction is

crude extraction; solvents diffuse into solid plant material and solubilize compounds with

similar polarity. Effect of plant material depends on its origin, variations in the extraction

technique, the time, temperature of extraction, solvent concentration and polarity,

quantity, and secondary metabolite composition of an extract. Variations in extraction

methods are usually found in the length of the extraction period, the solvent used pH,

temperature, particle size, and the solvent-to-sample ratio.

Gonçalves et al. conducted a study where they screened the antimicrobial effect of

essential oils and methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts from guava leaves. The
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

extracts were screened against bacteria strains isolated from seabob shrimp and

laboratory culture strains. The guava leaves were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor

and solvents in order of polarity and then concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The

essential oil was obtained from fresh leaves of guava using a Clevenger type doser and

the extraction methodology of Gottlieb and Magalhães. The fresh leaves were

submerged in distilled water in a 5 L glass bowl and submitted to the hydrodistillation

technique for 24 h. The water and oil mixture were separated by drying with anhydrous

sodium sulphate and then filtered. The extracts and the essential oil were evaluated by

the disc diffusion method with the three extracts being tested at four concentrations.

They found that the methanol extract showed greatest bacterial inhibition. No

statistically significant differences were observed between the tested extract

concentrations and their effect. The essential oil extract showed inhibitory activity

against S. aureus and Salmonella spp. The researchers concluded that guava leaf

extracts and essential oil are very active against S. aureus, thus making up important

potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds.

Synthesis

The major challenge for innovators nowadays is that they need to make products

that are effective, safe and/or cost effective at the same time. Those characteristics
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

were overcome by the study Reusing Commercial Water Wastes by Two Ways Organic

Filtration System of Guava Leaves and Malunggay Seeds for Watering Plants.

The cost effectivity of the materials, the effective antimicrobial effects of malunggay

and guava, and the easeness to create the product is a breakthrough innovation that

will lead water treatment to a whole new level that will support green buildings and

ecological projects.
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

Chapter 3: Materials and Methods

I. Introduction

This study aims to provide a solution for treating commercial water wastes by

creating a Two Way Water Filtration System using Malunggay Seeds and Guava

Leaves. On this section, materials and methods of preparation and maintenance will be

discussed.

II. Materials and Equipment

 Two way water filter

-malunggay seeds

-guava leaves

-filtration screen

-PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe with ten centimetres radius

 Water pipes

 Water pump

 Plumbing equipment

 Welding machineries
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

The figure above shows how the water is reused for watering plants using

commercial water wastes. The discussions for numerical values above were the

following:

1. The water waste from lavatory sink will be filtered by the Two Way Water

Filtration System using Malunggay Seeds and Guava Leaves. They will be
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

directed to water tank that serves as both container and water source for the

next processes.

2. Using water pump powered by a motor, water will be distributed and sprinkled to

plants.

3. Excess water from the top most plants were being distributed to plants below

them.

4. The water that is not used by plants were filtered again by the Two Way Water

Filtration System using Malunggay Seeds and Guava Leaves.

5. The water will then go to water tank and the cycle continues.
 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

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 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

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 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

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 OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Barangay Labangan Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

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