GGRRAADDEE

Week 8

11
Learning
Activity Sheet in
EARTH
AND

COASTAL PROCESSES RESULT IN COASTAL

EROSION, SUBMERSION AND
Learning Activity Sheets in
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCES 11
 Welcome to the EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE 11 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on oxidation/ reduction reactions. The hand is one of
the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to depict skill,
action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success
lies in your own hands!
Earth and Life Science 11 is a book series designed for senior high school
students in the STEM strand. Learning competencies, content standard and
performance standard provided by the Department of Education are listed in
every chapter opener as key objectives to direct the student's learning
process.
Going through this module can be a meaningful learning experience.
All you need to do is make use of your time and resources efficiently. To do
this, here are some tips for you:
- Take the pretest before reading the rest of the module.
- Take time in reading and understanding the lesson. Follow
instructions carefully.
- Do all activities diligently.
- It is better to be slow but sure than to hurry and miss the concepts
you are supposed to learn.
- Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers in each activity or
assessment.
- Don’t forget to write your name. Label it properly.
- Try to recall and connect the ideas that you had in the lower years.
Use the concept discussed in the lesson to explain the results of
activities or performance task.
- Be honest. When doing the activities, record only what you have
really observed. Take the assessments after each activity.
- Don’t hesitate to ask. If you need to clarify something, approach or
contact your teacher or any knowledgeable person available to help
you.
- You may also look into other references for further information.
- Take the posttest prepared at the end of the module, so you can
assess how much you have learned from this module.

STAY SAFE and GOD BLESS

 At the end of the module, you should be able to:

- Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion, submersion, and

saltwater intrusion (S11/12ES-lh-38).
Specifically aims to:

 Define coastal erosion, submersion, and salt water intrusion.

 Give practical ways of coping with coastal erosion, submersion, and saltwater
intrusion.

PICTURE ANALYSIS: Identify the results of coastal processes shown in the picture.
Write CE if it’s a coastal erosion, S submersion, and SI saltwater intrusion on the space
provided.

1._________ 2.___________

3._________ 4.__________

5.___________
(Discussion Proper).
Coastal Processes

The coastal zone is that part of the land surface influenced by marine

processes. It extends from the landward limit of tides, waves, and wind-blown coastal
dunes, and seaward to the point at which waves interact significantly with the seabed.
The coastal zone is a dynamic part of the Earth's surface where both marine and
atmospheric processes produce rocky coasts, as well as beaches and dunes, barriers
and tidal inlets, and shape deltas. The atmospheric processes include temperature,
precipitation, and winds, while the major marine processes are waves and tides,
together with water temperature and salinity. The coast also supports rich ecosystems,
including salt marshes, mangroves, sea grass, and coral reefs. The diverse coastal
ecology is favored by the shallow waters, abundant sunlight, terrestrial and marine
nutrients, tidal and wave flushing, and a range of habitat types.
Oceans are bodies of dynamic water masses. Sea waves are powerful
geological agents, acting from the shorelines to the coastal belts. Vertical and
horizontal movements of water continue to happen both at the surface and at depth at
all times. Over a period of time, wave action in the surf zone will tend to plane off the
entire zone. This process is known as marine planation. This is a slow process.
There are so many other features formed along the coastline due to various
hydrodynamic actions of waves on the sea side and aerodynamic actions wind on the
landside. Sea waves can erode, transport and deposit the marine sediments based on
various factors and processes. Erosion, transportation and deposition happen on both
sides of the shoreline. Coastal rocks like cliffs are also subjected to wave actions.
Sea cliffs are very unique features seen in some places.

The two kinds of waves were previously introduced including its characteristics. These
waves also include swash and backwash. Swash is when rushed up the beach after a
powerful wave breaks while backwash is the one that returns to the sea and is less
powerful. There is a strong swash and a weak backwash in the constructive wave while
a weak swash and strong backwash happens during the destructive wave. It is during
the destructive waves where the beach is scoured and degraded as the strong
backwash pulls sand and shingle back down the beach. The swash and backwash are
also some factors of beautiful formations of the sand in the beaches.

The dominant coastal processes:

1. Coastal Erosion:
 Is the wearing away of the land by the sea and is done by destructive waves.
 the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks
along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water,
waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms.

Five common processes that cause coastal erosion:

a. Corrosion/ solution- involves dissolution by weak acids such as when the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere is dissolved into water turning it into a weak carbonic acid.
Several rocks (e.g, Limestone) are vulnerable to this acidic water and will dissolve
into it. The rate of dissolution is affected by the concentration of carbonates and
other minerals in the water. As it increases, dissolution becomes slower.
- Occurs when the sea's pH (anything below pH 7.0) corrodes rocks on a cliff face.
Limestone cliff faces, which have a moderately high pH, are particularly affected in
this way. Wave action also increases the rate of reaction by removing the reacted
material.
b. Abrasion- happens when breaking waves containing sediment fragments erode
the shoreline, particularly headland. It is also referred to as the sand paper effect.
- Bits of rock and sand that have been picked up by the wave crash into the shore
and begin to grind down the cliff surfaces, in a similar action to sandpaper.
c. Hydraulic action- the effect of waves as they hit cliff faces, the air is compressed
into cracks and is released as wave’s rushes back seaward. The compressing and
releasing of air as waves presses cliff faces and rushes back to sea will cause cliff
material to break away.
- As waves approach the cliff, air may become trapped in joints and cracks along a
cliff face. When the wave breaks, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the
rock over time. Loose rocks are dislodged and transported out to sea with the
waves.
d. Attrition- the process when waves bump rocks and pebbles against each other
leading to the eventual breaking of the materials.
- When a wave breaks upon the shore, rocks and pebbles that are being carried
collide with each other breaking them and eventually making them smaller and
smoother.
2. Submersion:
 - Is when the sediment is submersed under water and
eventually replaced back to its original location, this often
takes place during violent storms, when sand is dragged or
pushed underwater, and it tends to return back to the
visible place (via wave action) it had previously been when
the seas have calmed down. At its most extreme,
submersion can temporarily submerse an island, and create islands as well. 

Impacts of Submersion:
- Difficult for plants to grow and flourish, begins a new cycle of coastal erosion and
possibly permanent loss of the island.

3. Saltwater intrusion:
- Is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to
groundwater quality degradation, including drinking water sources, and other
consequences. Saltwater intrusion can naturally occur in coastal aquifers, owing to
the hydraulic connection between groundwater and seawater. 
 Coastal Protection
Some structures and methods can help protect the coasts from erosion and
submersion. They are usually constructed along the coasts.
 Seawalls and bulkheads are structures that are built parallel to shores that
protect the coasts from wave actions.
 Groynes and jetties are structures that are built perpendicular to shores to
prevent coastal erosion by promoting beach build-up as they trap sand.
 Breakwaters are offshore structures that protect coasts from parallel waves and
in turn, prevent erosion and submersion.
 Beach nourishment is a method where a large amount of sand is added to the
coasts. This will create a new beach or widen an existing one. However, this
method is costly which deters communities to use it.
 Sandbags are used to counteract waves that hit the shores. They also diminish
the effect of a storm surge that can cause submersion.

Reducing Coastal Erosion

Aside from coastal protection, different ways can be done to reduce the impact of
coastal erosion. Some of them are less expensive than constructing structures along
the coasts.
 Development of infrastructures must be constructed in safe distances from the
coasts.
 Beach dewatering involves pumping out water from the shores to prevent
erosion.
  Artificial seaweeds can be placed in the water near the coasts to reduce the
speed of current that promote erosion.
 Ban of mining activities near coasts prevents erosion caused by mining.
 Plant cover and vegetation around coasts aid in protecting coasts from erosion.

Coping with Saltwater Intrusion

The following methods help in dealing with saltwater intrusion.

 Monitoring and assessment ensure effective management of saltwater
intrusion cases.
 Regulations from governing units aid in coping with saltwater intrusion.
Structures must be regulated to have a safe distance from the sea to prevent
excessive groundwater extraction from the reservoir that contributes to saltwater
intrusion.
 Artificial recharges pump freshwater to the reservoir to prevent saltwater from
intruding through the coasts.
 Barriers can be constructed along coasts to prevent further advancement of
saltwater if already present.
A.

Name: _________ Grade Level: ________ Date: ________ Score:

_______

Coastal Processes; coastal erosion, submersion, saltwater intrusion

A.
A. MUTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided. No
erasure and No retracing. CAPITAL LETTER.

_________1. What causes waves?

a. Magnetic pull of the earth
b. Gravity
c. Wind
d. Water movement
_________2. What are the characteristics of a destructive waves?
a. Weak swash and strong backwash
b. Strong swash and weak backwash
c. Weak swash and weak backwash
d. Strong swash and strong backwash
_________3.What are the characteristics of a constructive wave?
a. Weak swash and strong backwash
b. Strong swash and weak backwash
c. Weak swash and weak backwash
d. Strong swash and strong backwash
_________4. Which type of weathering involves expanding of water?
a. Freeze- thaw weathering
b. Biological weathering
c. Chemical weathering
d. Both b and c
_________5. Large blocks of rock sliding downhill is which type of
mass movement?
a. Landslide
b. Mudflow
c. Rock fall
d. Rotational slip
_________6. Saturated soil slumping down a curved surface is which
type of mass movement.
a. Rock fall
b. Rotational slip
c. Mudflow
d. Landslide
Cont.

_________7. Which type of erosion is the sheer power of the waves hitting the
cliffs?
a. Abrasion
b. Hydraulic action
c. Solution
d. Attrition
_________8. Pebbles grinding along a rock platform is known as which
type of erosion?
a. Abrasion
b. Hydraulic action
c. Solution
a. Attrition
_________9. Which of these describes saltation transportation?
a. Particles carried within the water
b. Pebbles rolling along the sea bed
c. The bouncing movement of pebbles along the sea bed
d. Movement of salt in the sea
_________10. Why does the sea deposit sediment?
a. It runs out of coastline
b. It loses energy
c. There is a change in rock type
d. Both a and c

Activity 1: What Can I Do

Slogan Making on Coastal Cleanliness
Pollution is one of the most coastal problems in the Philippines and one of the
most difficult to solve because of continuous disposal of waste from the houses near the
coast and the factories near the area. The picture below is an example of a coast with a
sea wall that protects the community inland but much polluted.
Your activity is to take a picture, draw or cut out (from newspapers) of the
different coastal problems near your area. Describe the picture and write some ways on
how to improve coastal cleanliness. Below the picture, make also a slogan that
convince the people to maintain coastal cleanliness .
Activity 2: Find Me!
Find and encircle each of the words from the list on the right side. Words may appear
horizontally, vertically or diagonally. After finding the words, give a short definition of
each of these words below.
C W E R I P P H I H J P U O N L R Z J
C O U L U J U G S E D X W T O I S M L
O S A Y I L P A P Z O Y V N U H V J C
A T P S H F W Z K L R H G K Z P H G
S F X G T K O R C C R S W J T M P G I
BACKWASH
T M P N C A U R Z T H D A K K N X V BEACH
A D R A V E L Z P O W G F J L M Y C BEACHPROFILE
L R B Y G L B D R H M N Y T D Y Z E COAST
E D V R V Z Q E E M C W M E S Q H C COASTALDEPOSITION
R X F W Q A D Q T P Z A G J W H B N COASTALEROSION
LONGSHOREDRIFT
O W C U Y R I O V Q O D E U A Q F E SEALEVELRISE
S Q W S I A I T Q F H S L B S A O G SUBMERGENCE
I V I F C O A S T C K N I A H B W R SWASH
O J T V Y P G B K V G P R T B Q M E
N E S I R L E V E L A E S Z I T C M
P I V V X F X S H A K R J K D O Q B
K Z L P Y I X C H X C I M E J E N U
R R R S W D S T P O U H O E X T Z S R Key Points
S
Q Coastal protection
involves methods and
R structures that
O prevent coastal
erosion and
L submersion.
X Examples of these
structures are
seawalls, gyrones,
and breakwaters.
Beach nourishment and installation of small walls made of sandbags are other
methods of coastal protection.
Reducing coastal erosion involves methods that minimize the erosion already occurring
on the coasts.
Beach dewatering, construction of buildings in a safe distance from the water, ban
of mining activities, and maintaining plant cover are some examples of ways to
reduce coastal erosion.
Coping with saltwater intrusion involves three major steps: monitoring and
assessment, regulation, and engineering structures.
Answer Key:

PICTURE ANALYSIS
1. CE
2. S
3. CE
4. S
5. SI

1. C (wind)- waves are caused by wind blowing over the sea.

2. A (weak swash and strong backwash) - destructive waves have a weak swash
and strong backwash. They remove sediments from the coast.
3. B (strong swash and weak backwash)- constructive waves have a strong swash
and weak backwash. It brings sediment to build up the beach.
4. A (freeze thaw weathering)- involves water freezing to expand and breakdown
the rock.
5. A (landslide)- large blocks of rock slide downhill is a landslide.
6. B (rotational slip)- saturated soil slumping down a curved surface is rotational
slip.
7. B (hydraulic action)- the sheer power of the waves hitting the cliffs.
8. A (abrasion)- the sand papering effect of pebbles grinding along a rock platform.
9. C (the bouncing movement of pebbles along the sealed)- saltation is where
pebbles are bounced along the seabed.
10. B (loses energy)- the sea deposits sediment when it loses energy.
Activity 1: What Can I Do
RUBRICS FOR GRADING THE SLOGAN

CATEGOR 5 4 3 2 1
Y
Attractiven The The The The The
ess & SLOGAN SLOGAN SLOGAN SLOGAN SLOGAN
Organizatio has has has some has limited has no
n exception attractive formatting formatting formatting
ally formatting and and and
attractive and well- organized organizatio organizati
formatting organized of n of on of
and well- informatio informatio information material.
 organized n. n. .
informatio
n.
Content - Use of Use of Use of Use of Use of
Accuracy/ facts and facts and facts and facts and facts
Quantity the quantity of quantity of quantity of and
quantity of informatio informatio information quantit
informatio n is very n is good is present y of
n is good. but not but limited. informa
exception consistent tion is
al. . limited.
Writing - SLOGAN SLOGAN SLOGAN SLOGAN SLOGAN
Organizatio has has very has good has limited has no
n exception good organizati organizatio organizati
al organizati on. n on
organizati on.
on
Writing - There are There There are There are Grammati
Grammar no very few some several cal
grammatic grammati grammati grammatic mistakes
al cal cal al mistakes are so
mistakes mistakes mistakes in the numerous
in the in the in the SLOGAN. that the
SLOGAN. SLOGAN. SLOGAN. readability
of the
SLOGAN
is
impaired.
Graphics/ Graphics Graphics Graphics Graphics Graphics
Pictures go well go well go well do not go not
with the with the with the with the present in
text and text, but text, but accompany the
there is a there are there are ing text or SLOGAN.
good mix so many too few appear to
of text and that they and the be
graphics. distract SLOGAN randomly
from the seems chosen.
text. "text
heavy".
Sources Careful Careful Careful Sources Sources
and and and are not are not
accurate accurate accurate documente document
records records records d ed
are kept are kept are kept accurately accurately
to to to or are not or are not
 document document document kept on kept on
the source the the many facts any facts
of all of source of source of and and
the facts most of some of graphics. graphics.
and the facts the facts
graphics and and
in the graphics graphics
SLOGAN. in the in the
SLOGAN SLOGAN.
TOTAL
SCORE
https://www.rubistar.4teachers.org

Activity 2: Find Me!

C W E R I P P H I H J P U O N L R Z
C O U L U J U G S E D X W T O I S M
O S A Y I L P A P Z O Y V N U H V J
A T P S H F W Z K L R H G K Z P H G
S F X G T K O R C C R S W J T M P G
T M P N C A U R Z T H D A K K N X V
A D R A V E L Z P O W G F J L M Y C
L R B Y G L B D R H M N Y T D Y Z E
E D V R V Z Q E E M C W M E S Q H C
R X F W Q A D Q T P Z A G J W H B N
O W C U Y R I O V Q O D E U A Q F E
S Q W S I A I T Q F H S L B S A O G
I V I F C O A S T C K N I A H B W R
O J T V Y P G B K V G P R T B Q M E
N E S I R L E V E L A E S Z I T C M
P I V V X F X S H A K R J K D O Q B
K Z L P Y I X C H X C I M E J E N U
R R R S W D S T P O U H O E X T Z S

REFERENCES:
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/coastal-processes-and-beaches-
26276621/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310021339_Coastal_Processes_and_Landfor
ms
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_erosion#Corrosion
https://coastalprocesses.weebly.com/processes.html
https://www.slideshare.net/KosalaHandapangoda/coastal-erosion-impact-and-
management
https://www.slideshare.net/IVANMONPANES1/factors-that-contribute-to-coastal-
processes
https://oceanmusic.weebly.com/coastal-erosion/coastal-erosion-submersion
https://www.facebook.com/notes/earth-and-life-science/lesson-39-coping-with-coastal-
erosion-submersion-and-saltwater-intrusion/1830442383859076/ Lesson 3.9 Coping
with Coastal Erosion, Submersion, and Saltwater Intrusion
WARLITO ZAMORA CANOY·SUNDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2016·
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltwater_intrusion
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zt6r82p/test

Prepared by:
SHARON MAE I. LAMAYO
SHS TEACHER II
DepEd Capiz Division
Region VI