ARCHITECTURAL

IN
JAPAN
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
 ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
• The architecture of Japan was largely
derived from China,but at all times
maintained its own special characteristic of
lightness and delicacy. Refinement in
Japanese architecture. Combined with
minutes in carving and decoration are
particularly noticeable in timber
construction.
• dominant roofs.
• flat terrace roofs predominate.
• Characterized by their exquisite curvature.
• upper part of the roof is terminated by a
gable placed vertically above the end walls.
• known as an'lrimoya gable.
• Roof coverings can be thatch, shingles or tiles.
• Thatched roofs often have a prominent ridge of
tiles with an exaggerated cresting, or the ridge may
be of stout bamboos, tied with blackened rope and
terminated with finials.
• Tiled roofs have flattish and roll tiles alternately,
while cover tiles, often of decorative form are used
to mask joints at the eaves.Ridges and hips are made
up of layers of tiles set in mortar, finished with large
moulded tile capping and crestings.
Thatched roof
• A lower roof known as "HISASHI" Is
sometimes projected below the eaves of the
main roof. Hollowed bamboos, are used to
form roof gutters and pipes.Gables ends often
have cusped barge-boards with pendants .
• Curved brackets (kumo-hijiki) adorn the
underside of the overhanging eaves.
• Columns, which followed the Chinese form,
are conspicuous in Japanese temples and in
facades to-places and gateways.
• lntercolumniation is regulated by the standard
of measurement known as the 'KEN' which is
divided into twenty parts, termed. minutes,
and each minute being again divided into a
further twenty two parts or seconds of space
• Columns when square, are panelled and when
round or octagonal are reeded and often
richly lacquered.
• Even when plain, columns are objects of
beauty as timber was split by wedges and
smoothed with a spear-shaped plane known
as 'Yariganna' which left a beautiful finish.
• Most houses are constructed of wood-framing
with wood or stout paper infilling, which in an
earthquake shock is much safer than stone or
brick construction. Temple walling is a strictly
trabeated arrangement of timber posts and
rails dividing surfaces into regular oblong
spaces, filled in with plaster, boarding, or
carved and painted panels

Trabeated - the beam forms the constructive

feature.
Trabeated
• NATIVE JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE
One of the most primitive and holy of the
Shinto designs, the lzumo shrine (right) shares
with the Yayoi house model below) the
beetling gables, gable-end entrance
(contrasting with the Chinese main-facade
entry) and the peculiar round timbers
balanced on the ridge.
• Reconstruction of Jomon dwelling 4000 BC: the
roof rests on the ground; the fire is on
the long side.
• Reconstruction of Yayoi dwelling; the roof is
over a wattle screen wall . surrounded by a
damp-excluding ditch.
Yayoi dwellings
• post with footboard , on top a board wall;
• varieties of post footboards;
• buildings on a 3rd or 4th century mirror; top
to bottom, left to right) storehouse, priest's
house, farmhouse, Ruler’s house.
• light is introduced principally through doorways. A
system of cornice- bracketing in both simple and
complex forms is a very characteristic feature of
Japanese buildings.
• Standardized arrangements of this bracketing
constitute various 'orders'. Immediately above
the pillars or columns is a highly decorated
frieze, and above this, the bracketing consists
of a series of projecting wooden corbels
supporting horizontal members and rafters .
• with decorated faces, thus allowing the roof
to overhang the wall, often by as much as 2.4
meters (8ft.).
Camber - slight rise or upward curve of an
otherwise horizontal structure.
Entasis - a swelling or curving outwards along
the outline of a column shaft designed to
counteract the optical illusion which give a
shaft bounded by street lines the appearance
of curving inside.
• Owing to the great projection of roofs over
exterior walls, there is little direct natural light
and the greater part of the light which reaches
interiors is reflected from the ground.
• Window -openings are filled with timber trellis
and provided with wooden shutters externally,
• and paper usually rice paper in light sahes,
internally, in all cases, exterior walling is
extrernally thin; columns receive the main
load from the roof and wall panels are entirely
non-structural.
• Carved and coloured panels formed in
enclosure walls, in projecting eaves to roofs,
and in the 'ramma' or pierced ventilators
below cornices are characteristic.
• The chrysanthemum,the stork and pine trees
being typical subjects for motifs.
• Ornamental brass caps usually gilded for
preservation, are frequently fixed to the ends
of projecting timbers and over connections in
wood to hide open joints which may occur
through shrinkage.
Q and A
1. It is the upper part of the roof is terminated
by a gable placed vertically above the end
walls?
a. Karahafu gable
b. Irimoya gable
c. Thatched roofs
b.Irimoya gable
2. It is a prominent ridge of tiles with an
exaggerated cresting, or the ridge may be of
stout bamboos, tied with blackened rope and
terminated with finials?
a. dominant roofs
b. gable roofs
c. Thatched roofs
c. Thatched roofs
3. It is a lower roof projected below the eaves
of the main roof. Hollowed bamboos, are used
to form roof gutters and pipes?
a. hisashi
b. Kumo hijiki
c. yariganna
a.hisashi
4. It is the regulated by the standard of
measurement known as the 'KEN' which is
divided into twenty parts, termed. minutes,
and each minute being again divided into a
further twenty two parts or seconds of space?
a. Intercolumniation
b. Columniation
c. Intercolumniation architecture
a. Intercolumniation
5. It is a strictly arrangement of timber posts and
rails dividing surfaces into regular oblong
spaces, filled in with plaster, boarding, or carved
and painted panels
a. Trabeated walling
b. Temple walling
C. Yayoi dwelling
b.Temple walling
6. it is a swelling or curving outwards along the
outline of a column shaft designed to
counteract the optical illusion which give a
shaft bounded by street lines the appearance
of curving inside?
a. Camber
b. Trabeated
c. Entasis
C.Entasis
7. it is a slight rise or upward curve of an
otherwise horizontal structure?
a. Trabeated
b. Camber
c. Entasis
b. camber
8. It is the reconstruction of the roof is over a
wattle screen wall . surrounded by a
damp-excluding ditch?
a. Jomon dwelling
b. Yayoi dwelling
c. Combine dwelling
b. Yayoi dwelling
9.It is the Reconstruction of dwelling in 4000
BC: the roof rests on the ground; the fire is on
the long side.
a. Combine dwelling
b. Yayoi dwelling
c. Jomon dwelling
c. Jomon dwelling
10. It is the One of the most primitive and holy
of the Shinto designs?
a. Native japanese architecture
b. Japan architecture
c. None of the above
a. Native japanese architecture
Thank you for
understanding
my question