SPANISH ERA

(16TH-19TH CENTURY )
1521-1898
SPANISH ERA

• In the sixteenth century, the scattered islands

became a colony of Spain.
• With Spanish power and the Christian faith came
European Culture.
• On the tropical landscape rose City Walls,
fortresses, government buildings, churches and
convents , and grand houses.
• The builders of the period included Spanish friars,
Chinese and native art isans, architects from the
peninsula, and the maestros de obras.
a. Ilocos Province - in the North

The Vigan House

• Derived from the sturdier look.

• llocano believes in Frugality, solidity durability
and no non-sense practicality.
• encloses the space under the main Floor of
the house with walls of limestone and coral.
• llocano house is highly functional and
relatively free from useless decorative items.
VIGAN HOUSE RUINS
Vigan, llocos Sur, Philippines

• Fragment of a ruin of an original Vigan House.

• Generally refers to Antillan design of brick, lime,

and mortar with tile roofing and Philippine
hardwoods.

• Built in the early decades of the 19th century.

• Vigan is the capital of llocos Sur province.

b. Batanes (18th Century)

• Nothern most frontier of the Philippine

Archipelago.
• 12,000 inhabitants called the lvatans.
• An ethnic group.
• mountain-bound villages to live on the Littorals.
• Dominican Missionaries, Fathers Baltazar
Calderon and Bartolome Artiguez.
• Ropes were used to mark out the streets and the
lots on which houses were to be built.
IVATAN HOUSE

• Arrival of Western Civilization through the

Dominican Missionaries .
• Representatives of the Spanish Government in
1783.
• dwelling in huts.
• made of light and perislotable materials.
• The huts were low.
• Cogon grass was the chief roofing material.
• The walling of the house was made of stones held
precariously together by mud mixed with
chopped cogon.
• A wall about 2 ½ ft thick of stone and lime.
• thick thatched roof made of cog on and held
together by seasoned sticks or reeds and
rattan.
• lvatan house is durability and effective
resistance to the power of the strongest
typhoons.
Bahay na bato ( 1920’s )
• In the nineteenth century evolved the
bahay na bato (house of stone).
• basic native form hip-roof.
• elevated quarters.
• large windows.
• Post and lintel construction.
• European influence - large, specialized
interior spaces, classical ornaments, and
the use of masonry.
Sawali (woven bamboo slats)

• This type of ceiling was cooler.

• Readily available and surer protection

against earthquakes.

• No danger of boards falling on your head

when an earthquake happened.
Shell and Coral
• From the sea comes a variety of capiz shells for
windows.
• oyster shells which are ground for mortar.
• blocks of coral stone for walls.
• The same material is used for most of the
Spanish-type churches in the Visayas.
• For mortar, molasses (pulot) from sugar cane
and egg white from the chicken coop are mixed
with lime for cementing purposes.
Banguera (dishrock)

• Other features of the bahay na bato.

• Uniquely Filipino building concept.
• carry-over from the bangahan of the nipa house.
• pots are kept to drain.
• these houses are built on stilts.
• the posts are embedded on the wall or exposed.
Ventanila
• extra window for more ventilation.
• presence of the media-aqua (awning)
• popular at the turn of the century.
• gave double protection from sun and rain.
• Movable walls.
• barandillas or traceries on the wall.
• glass and mirrors to create illusions.
• transparency and space give the feeling that
there are no real physical boundaries in the
stone house
THE END
Question
and
Answer
1. What type of house that refers to Antillan de
sign of brick, lime, and mortar with tile roofing
and Philippine hardwoods?

a. Ivatan house
b. Vigan house
c. Bahay na bato
1. What type of house that refers to Antillan de
sign of brick, lime, and mortar with tile roofing
and Philippine hardwoods?

a. Ivatan house
b. Vigan house
c. Bahay na bato
2. What is the other name of “awning”
window?

a. Ventanila
b. Media-aqua
c. Barandillas
2. What is the other name of “awning”
window?

a. Ventanila
b. Media-aqua
c. Barandillas
3. In what century was the new forms of
building was build in Spanish era?

a. Sixteenth century
b. Fifteenth century
c. Fourteenth century
3. In what century was the new forms of
building was build in Spanish era?

a. Sixteenth century
b. Fifteenth century
c. Fourteenth century
4. In what degrees does the lvatan towns were
laid out with a sharply angular corner?

a. 70 degrees
b. 80 degrees
c. 90 degrees
4. In what degrees does the lvatan towns were
laid out with a sharply angular corner?

a. 70 degrees
b. 80 degrees
c. 90 degrees
5. What is the thick of the wall of the ivatan
house?

a. 2 ½
b. 2 ¼
c. 2
5. What is the thick of the wall of the ivatan
house?

a. 2 ½
b. 2 ¼
c. 2
6. What kind of material is used for most of the
Spanish-type churches in the Visayas?

a. Adobe stone
b. Bricks and tiles
c. Shell and coral stone
6. What kind of material is used for most of the
Spanish-type churches in the Visayas?

a. Adobe stone
b. Bricks and tiles
c. Shell and coral stone