INFLUENCES

GEOGRAPHICAL
The Philippines appears like a broken rosary of islands floating along the southeastern rim
of
Asia, North of Borneo and South of Japan. This
strategic position makes our country the trade center of the Orient, citadel of Christianity
and democracy in East Asia, and the melting pot of the world races and cultures. To sum it
all this strategic position is responsible in the contribution of different architectural ideas
which were used in our buildings.
GEOLOGICAL
The Philippines is rich in natural resources that are yet largely undeveloped as
compared to
other asian countries. Indigenous materials which was used in the pre-Spanish
architecture
such as bamboo, coconut trees, palm, cogon grass, rattan, nipa are still very
abundant.

In the llocos and Pangasinan towns are found the clay, which is used to manufacture sun
dried and oven baked red bricks. This was introduced by the Spaniards in the 16th
century.
CLIMATIC
The traditional classification of climate in the Philippines is based on many
climatic types.

standard TYPE:
Two pronounced seasons:
Dry -from November to April
Wet-during the rest of the year
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

THE EARLY PERIOD OR PRE·SPANISH ERA (8TH·15TH CENTURY)

Architectlure in the Pre-Spanish era was expressed in the bahay-kubo style of dwellings,
which was cool and cozy and well adapted to tropical climate. Even before the Spanish
colonial period, the Filipino lived in permanent homes and wore clothes and ornamental
handicrafts. Their houses were constructed of wood, bamboo and leaves (nipa shingles).
They were grouped into Barangays along river bank.
"BAHAY KUBO"{cube house)
Structures at this stage were built without nails, lashing of rattan or strip of
bamboo were used.
 SPANISH ERA (16TH-19TH CENTURY)
1521-18981

The natives learned to work with brick and stone, and had to contend with
the intricacies of the baroque and rococo.

Ilocos Province - in the North

The Vigan House

The features of the Ilocos house are derived from the sturdier look and stronger
construction
of the whole house, a result of the llocano householder's character.
Vigan House generally refers to Antillan design
of brick, lime, and mortar with tile roofing and
Phillipine hardwoods.
Caida -spacious hall
sala- reception
Mamahen-betel nut chewor buyo
bahay na bato- is a structure that meets the challenges of the Philippine landscape
Ventanilla- window
ANCESTRAL HOUSES OF NEGROS
TUAZON HOUSE, arlegui St. Manila
Built toward the end of the nineteenth century is an elegant structure of wood
and brick. Entrance to the house is through tall massive wooden doors, whose
panels are decorated with floral carvings. Light comes in through
wrought-iron grilles overhead backed with glass panel.
A brass knocker,
shaped like a hand wearing a fob watch on its wrist, summons
the caretaker
from within.
AQUILINO CALIXTO HOUSE (1920)
Corner of Extremadura an.d Lepanto St. Manila
This two-storey house is built without using nails: Its parts were pains
takingly
tenored and glued together, Section by Section.
AMERICAN REGIME (BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY) '1905-1940's

Neo-classic style (Americans up to 192D's)

American rule and the beginning of the 20th century marked a new era in
architecture in the Philippines.
PRE-WAR MODERN INFLUENCE-(1930's-40's)

This period of modern architecture in the Philippines began with Andres Luna de
San
Pedro, Juan Nakpil, Fernando Ocampo and Pablo Antonio, who like their Forbears of
the Neo-classic period were products of Foreign education. Their

During this period two schools of architecture were founded: The MAPUA Institute
of
Technology in 1925, and the school of Architecture of the University of Santo
Tomas in
1930. From these and from other schools that opened later came a new generation
of architects
who began a new chapter in the evolution of Filipino architecture.
THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1945-1950) LIBERATION

A revolt against the obsolete concepts in architecture started to shape in the

reconstruction
and rehabilitation that followed. A lack of thorough understanding on the part of
the public, including most architects. regarding the correct interpretation of the new
developing concept of contemporary architecture, resulted in the erection of
architectural
blunders in the early post war years. The urgent needs for building saw a rush of
construction that revealed the hastiness and dire necessity made more grave by speed
and constructions grew haphazardly without direction or control.
PRESENT PHASE- 1960's to 1985

Young architects, influenced by a fresh

educational background from developing
schools of thought are now gradually
giving a logical approach to Philippine
architecture,
particularly in commercial and other
private buildings.
The design for the Folk Arts Theater (1974) originated in the simple concept
of a sheltered
plaza. The completed structure boasts a broad fascia with a single column-to-
column span
of 80 meters the largest single-span structure in the Philippines.
Catholic Churches

1) Hispanic Churches

Catholic churches- spanish influence

Materials- bricks, coral or river rock
Ceilings- tin, woodor sawali
Wall- thick wall
Character- massive
PAN AY CHURCH
This awe-inspiring monument to a past Spanish grandeur in Pan-ay town is about 250 teet
lor.g and 80 feet wide. The church has a five-storey belfry
that shelters a huge antique bell surrounded with eight smaller bells. Shrouded with
many
enchanting tales, the huge bell holds a more fascinating truth: it was cas~ed from 76
sacks of
coins believed to have been contributed by citizens of Pan-ay. Its mammoth size holds a
staggering record. It is seven feet in diameter and 10,400 kilograms in weight and is
considered
the biggest in the Philippines, if not in Southeast Asia.
One of the landmarks that the visitor to Baguio, the 5,000 feet above-sea-level summer
capital of the Philippines, cannot escape seeing is the Baguio Cathedral which is built
on top
of a hill overlooking most of the city.
SAN SEBASTIAN CATHEDRAL
Bacolod City
Negroa Occidental
Central Philippines

Originally a church founded by Bishop Mariano

Cuartero, O.P. Cornerstone laid 27 April
1876.
Like most churches in the Visayan islands
(central Philippines) this church is built of
stone in
contrast to the churches in the llocos provinces
in luzon island which are built mainly of
bricks.
b. Protestant Churches
 c. Iglesia ni Cristo Churches

A highly original style, bristling with

spires and centilevered canopies, has
altered the
skyline of the Philippines from North to
South. Conceived by Architect Carlos
Santos-Viola.
Thank you for Listening!
What material was used in Pre-Spanish
Architecture?

A. Raw Materials

B. Native Materials

C. Indigenous materials

D. Manufactured Materials

2
Architecture in the Pre-Spanish era was expressed in
the style of dwellings.

A. sagrada

B. Datus house

C. Bahay kubo

D. churches
A. Church

B. Vigan House

C. Nipa Hut

D. Datus House at Lanao

Are derived from the sturdier look and stronger
construction of the whole house, a result of the llocano
householder's character.

A. Ilocos House

B. Bahay Kubo

C. Datus House

D. Church
generally refers to Antillan design of brick, lime, and
mortar with tile roofing and Phillipine hardwoods.

A. Ilocos House

B. Vigan House

C. Ventanilla

D. Bahay na bato
It is a structure that meets the challenges of the
Philippine landscape.

A. Ancestral house

B. Church

C. Vigan House

D. Bahay na Bato
A. Vigan House

B. Tuazon House

C. Aquilino calixto house

D. Old House
This two-storey house is built without using nails, its parts
were pains taxing tenured and glued together, Section by
Section.

A. Old House

B. Tuazon House

C. Vigan House

D. Aquilino Calixto House

American rule and the beginning of the 20th century
marked a new era in architecture in the Philippines.

A. Neo Classic Style

B. Pre- Spanish Era

C. American Era

D. Pre- war
This period of modern architecture in the Philippines
began with Andres Luna de San Pedro, Juan Nakpil,
Fernando Ocampo and Pablo Antonio.

A. Pre- Historic style

B. Neo Classic Style

C. Pre War Modern Influence

D. The Post War Period

During this period two schools of architecture were founded:
The MAPUA Institute of Technology in 1925, and the school
of Architecture of the University of Santo Tomas in
1930.

A. Pre- Historic style

B. Neo Classic Style

C. Pre War Modern Influence

D. The Post War Period

In this period all workers started to construct a building
with speed without direction and control.

A. Post war period

B. Pre War Period

C. Pre spanish Style

D. Neo Classic ctyle

It was originated in the simple concept of a sheltered
plaza and also called as the largest single-span
structure in the Philippines.

A. Gymnasium

B. Cultural Complex

C. Folk Arts Theatre

D. Ampitheatre
It was considered as the biggest church in the Philippines.

A. Pan ay Church

B. Miag-ao church

C. Quiapo church

D. Barasoin Church
Originally this church was built in stone founded by
Bishop Mariano Cuartero.

A. San Sebastian Cathedral

B. Fernando Ocampo Cathedral

C. Baguio Cathedral

D. Landmark
A highly original style, bristling with spires and
cantilevered canopies, has altered the skyline of the
Philippines from North to South. Conceived by Architect
Carlos Santos-Viola.

A. Iglesia Ni Cristo Church

B. Ocampo Cathedral

C. San Sebastian church

D. Protestant church
Are the most striking part of the exterior of the
torogan.

A. Panolongs

B. veranda

C. Kusina

D. Banggerajan
It was a special table for Filipinos and this piece
has fine inlay work.

A. Mesa-Altar

B. pamenggahan

C. Baul

D.Lamesa
This fabrication with the use of clay was introduced by the
Spaniards in the 16th century.

A. oven baked red bricks

B. brickworks

C. Sun dried brick tiles

D. None of the above

The Philippines appears like a broken rosary of islands and this
country is also known as the .

A. trade center of the Orient

B. citadel of Christianity

C. Melting pot of the world culture

D. All of the above