Example (2): Examine whether the following system of Linear Equation are

consistent. If so, solve the following system of equations using Gauss Elimination
method.
x1 - x2 + x3 = 1, 3x1 + x2 + 5x3 = 11, 4x1 + 2x2 + 7x3 = 16
-Solution,
x1 - x2 + x3 = 1,
3x1 + x2 + 5x3 = 11,
4x1 + 2x2 + 7x3 = 16
Here,
1 −1 1 x₁ 1
Let, A =[3 1 5], X =[x₂], B =[11]
4 2 7 x₃ 16
∴ AX = B
1 −1 1 x₁ 1
i.e. [3 1 5] [x₂] = [11]
4 2 7 x₃ 16
From upper triangular matrix, applying R2 →R2 - 3R1 and R3 →R3 - 4R1, we get,
1 −1 1 x₁ 1
[0 4 x₂
2] [ ] = [ 8 ]
0 6 3 x₃ 12
3
Applying R3 →R3 - R2, we get,
2

1 −1 1 x₁ 1
[0 4 x₂
2] [ ] = [8]
0 0 0 x₃ 0
Hence, we have the following equations,

x1 – x2 + x3 = 1__________ (i.)
4x2 + 2x3 = 8_________ (ii.)
 0.x3 = 0________ (iii.)
Note that the equation (iii.) is true for all values of x3. Hence, we get infinitely
many solutions. Thus, if x3 = k, then,
From (ii.)
4x2 + 2x3 = 8
or, 4x2 + 2k = 8
or, 4x2 = 8-2k
4−k
∴ x2 =
2

From (i.)
4−k
x1 - +k=1
2
4−k
or, x1 = 1 + –k
2
2+4−k−2k
or, x1 =
2
6−3k
∴ x1 =
2

The given system of Linear equations are consistent because they have infinitely
have many solutions as,
6−3k 4−k
x1 = , x2 = , x3 = k
2 2
6−3k 4−k
∴ (x1, x2, x3) = ( , , k)
2 2

Example (3): Solve the following system of equation using Gauss Elimination
method if possible
x1 - 2x2 + 3x3 = 4, 4x1 + 5x2 + 6x3 = -7, 7x1 + 8x2 + 9x3 = 10
-Solution,
x1 - 2x2 + 3x3 = 4,
4x1 + 5x2 + 6x3 = -7,
 7x1 + 8x2 + 9x3 = 10
Let AX = B_______ (i.); where,
1 2 3 x₁ 4
A =[4 5 x₂
6], X =[ ], B =[−7]
7 8 9 x₃ 10
-now, From (i.), AX = B
1 2 3 x₁ 4
[4 5 6] x₂
[ ] = [−7]
7 8 9 x₃ 10
From upper triangular matrix, applying R2 →R2 - 4R1 and R3 →R3 - 7R1, we get,
1 2 3 x₁ 4
[0 −3 −6 ] x₂
[ ] = [−23]
0 −6 −12 x₃ −18
Applying R3 →R3 - 2R2, we get,
1 2 3 x₁ 4
[0 −3 −6] [x₂] = [−23]
0 0 0 x₃ 28
Hence,
the system of linear equations are,

x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 4__________ (i.)

-3x2 - 6x3 = -23_______ (ii.)
0.x3 = 28______ (iii.)
Here, no values of x3 satisfy the equation (iv.) and therefore above system of
equation has no solution.
Hence, the given system of equations are inconsistent.

Questions:
1. Solve the following systems of equations using Gauss Elimination method.
Also test the consistency or inconsistency of the equations.
a. x + 3y – 2z = 0, 2x – 3y + z = 1, 4x – 3y +z = 3
b. x + 3y – z = -2, 3x + 2y – z = 3, -6x – 4y – 2z = 18
c. 2x – 3y + 3z = 27, 4x + y – 2z = 0, -6x – 4y + 2z = 0
1
d. 3x + 2y – z = 1, 2x – 2y + 4z = -2, -x + y – z = 0
2

2. Examine whether the following system of equations are consistent. If so, solve
the following system of equations.
a. x + 3y + 4z = 8, 2x + y + 2z = 5, 5x + 2z = 7
b. x1 + x2 + x3 = -3, 3x1 + x2 – 2x3 = -2, 2x1 + 4x2 + 7x3 = 7

Answers:
1.
a. (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 2)
b. (x, y, z) = (1, -3, -6)
c. (x, y, z) = (3, -2, 5)
d. (x, y, z) = (1, -2, -2)

2.
7−2k 11−6k
a. consistent, (x, y, z) = ( , , k)
5 5
b. Inconsistent.