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Mathematical Structures
Horst R. ThiemeArizona State University,Supplementary Course NotesSpring 2009.
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updated May 1, 2009
 
2
 
Mathematics: what is that?
In ancient Greek,
 µαϑ
´
ηµατα
 (math´emata) means “science, knowledge”.The words
 µαϑηµατικ
´
η τχν 
´
η
 (mathematie teche) mean somethinglike “scientific craft”.According to
 Access Science 
, the word “mathematics” stems from a rootthat means “learnable knowledge” and means the deductive study of shape,quantity and dependence.Other dictionaries and encyclopedia give different explanations.For me, mathematics is thesymbolic representation and analysis of reality.Let me back this up.Somewhere out there is a universal reality (Plato’s realm of ideas, Kant’srealm of noumena, reality as seen by God).Then there is the so-called “real world”, which is an unreflected model of the universal reality created by our senses.In order to understand and cope with reality better, we also create re-flected models of different kinds:
 Physical and electric models like miniature planes, air tunnels, circuitsetc.
 Graphical models like maps, structural designs, schematic representa-tion etc.
 Conceptual models mainly consisting of verbal descriptions
 Symbolic models like in Mathematics (or Chemistry). Another form of symbolic modeling is the representation of music by notes.
 There also are the metamodels of philosophy and theology.i

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