UNI

T1:I
NTRODUCTI
ONTOGLOBALI
ZATI
ON

LEARNI
NGOUTCOMES:

Att
heendoft
hec
hapt
er,t
hest
udent
sshoul
dbeabl
eto:

 Cr
eat
eaper
sonaldef
ini
ti
onofgl
obal
izat
ion

 Di
ff
erent
iat
ecompet
ingc
onc
ept
ionofgl
obal
izat
ions;and

 Anal
yzet
he di
ff
erentsi
gnsofgl
obal
izat
ion

 Expl
aint
heposi
ti
veandnegat
iveaspec
tsofgl
obal
izat
ion

ACTI
VITY1:WORDSEARCH

Di
recti
on:Compl
etethewor
dsearchpuzzle.Usethecl
uest
ohel
pyoui
dent
if
ythe
words.Writ
eyouransweri
nthespaceprovidedbel
ow.

N O I T A Z I L A B O L G C G

F A J K S T Y Z K V S A R T D

R B N O I T A Z I T I V I R P

E M P L O Y M E N T N I D B X

E C H M R U Y T I R A P S I D

T D G N Q V N O I T A C U D E

R L I B E R A L I Z A T I O N

A C U L T U R A L L O S S M L

D E F O P W X B C D F G T D P

E T R A N S P O R T A T I O N

CLUES
1. __
____
____
___
_meanst heonsetoft
heborder
lessworl
d…”
2. __
____
____
___
_freef
low oft
rade.
3. __
____
____
___
_thewheelofeverybusi
nessorgani
zat
ion.
4. __
____________themoneyval ueoft hefi
nalgoodsandser vi
cesproduc edwi t
hin
thedomesticterr
itor
yoft hec ount rydur inganac counti
ngyear .
5. __
____________i
tst andsf ort hef reedom oftheentrepreneurstoestablishany
i
ndustryortradeorbusi nessvent ure,wi thinthei
rownc ountr
iesorabroad.
6. __
____________consideredasoneoft hemostcrucialadvantagesofgl obal
izati
on.
7. __
____________thepr ocessofr eceivingorgivi
ngsyst ematici
nstr
uction.
8. __
____________thet r
ansf erofowner shi
p,propert
yorbusi nessfrom the
gover
nmentt othepr i
vat esec tor.
9. __
____________desc r
ibedasal ossofaper son’scultur
e.
10. __ ____________agr eatdi ff
erenc e.

ACTI
VITY2:Di
rec
tion:Lookatt
hepi
ctur
eandanal
yze.
Quest
ions:

1. Whathaveyounot
iceont
hepi
ctur
es?

2. Whatt
ypeofgl
obal
izat
ionar
ethey?

3. How ar
ethesebr
ands/l
ogosassoc
iat
edt
ogl
obal
izat
ion?

4. Ar
eyouexper
ienc
inggl
obal
izat
ion?Expl
ain.

5. How i
mpor
tanti
sgl
obal
izat
iont
oyou?

CHAPTER1:DEFI
NINGGLOBALI
ZATI
ON

I
NTRODUCTI
ON

Muc h has changed si ncet he ti

me i mmemor ial.Human bei ngs have
enc ountered many c hanges overt he l
astc entury especi
allyint heirsoci
al
relati
onshi ps and socialst ruc
tures.Of t hese c hanges, one can say that
globalizati
onisaver yi mportantchange,ifnot ,t
he“ mostimpor t
ant”(Brauman,
2003) .Sowhati sglobalizat
ion?Thisquest i
onispr obablyaneasyonet oanswer .
However ,manysc hol
arsgaveandt r
iedtoformulateitsdefi
niti
ons.

Globali
zationi sat erm usedt odescr
ibethec hangesi nsocieti
esandt hewor ld
economy t hatar et he r esul
tofdr amaticall
yi ncreased t r
ade and c ul
tural
exchange.I n spec i
fi
cally economiccontext,itr efers almostexc lusivelyt ot he
eff
ectsoft rade,par t
icularlytradeli
berali
zationor“ f
r eetrade”.I tisac ommon
beli
efthatgl obali
zati
on pl aysa rolejustati nternat i
onallevelsoft r
adeand
commer ce,butt hefactist hatithasplayedani mpor tantroleinmaki ngourl ives
muc hmor ec omf ort
ablet oo.Thephones,appar el
s,gadget sorac cessoriest hat
we use i n our day- to-day lif
e are availablet o us t hrough gl obali
zation.
Knowingl yorunknowi ngl y,wear eundert hei mpac tofgl obali
zation,andmor e
import
ant l
yi thashel pedi nbringi
nginter
nat i
onalpeac eandj ustic
et omanki nd.

Sour
ce Def
ini
ti
on
Immanuel Wal lerstei
n, The Moder n “Global
izat
ion repr
esentst he tr
iumph
World Syst em: Capi tal
ist Agri
cul
ture of a c api
tal
ist worl
d ec onomy t i
ed
andt heOr i
ginsoft heEur opeanWor l
d- toget
herbyagl obaldivi
sionoflabor.
”
Economyi nt heSi xteenthCent ur
y(New
York:Ac ademi cPr ess,1974) ,ascited
i
n R.J.Hol ton,Gl obali
zati
on and the
Nation-
State( London:Mac mill
anPress,
1998),p.11

David Har vey, The Condi ti

on of “…t
hec
ompr
essi
onoft
imeandspac
e.”
Post
moder nit
y ( Oxf
ord: Bl ackwell
,
1989),asi nR.J.Holton,Global
izat
ion
and the Nat i
on-
St at
e ( London:
Macmi l
lanPress,1998),p.11

Mar ti
n Al brow, “ I
ntroducti
on” in M. “ …allthose pr
ocesses by whichthe
Albrow and E. Ki ng ( eds.)
, peopl
esoft hewor l
d areincor
porat
ed
Global i
zati
on,knowl edge and Society i
ntoasingleworldsoci
ety.
”
(
London;Sage,1990) ,p.8asc i
ted in
R. J. Hol ton, Globalizat
ion and t he
Nation-State(London:Mac mil
lanPress,
1998) ,p.15

Kenic
hiOhmae,TheBor derl
essWor l
d: “…globali
zat
ionmeanst
heonsetoft
he
Power and Strategy in the Gl obal bor
der l
essworld…”
Marketpl
ace(London:Har per Colli
ns,
1992),asci
tedinRAWOO Net her
lands
Devel
opment Assi stance Resear ch
Council

RobertCox,“ Mul
til
ateral
ism and the “thec har ac t
eristi
csoft heglobali
zation
Democ r
ati
zationofWor ldOr der
,paper trend i nc lude t he i
nternati
onali
zing of
for t
he I nt
ernati
onal Symposi um of produc ti
on, t he new i nter
national
Sources of Innovat
ion in division of l abor, new mi gratory
Multi
lat
erali
sm,Lausanne,May26- 28, movement sfrom Sout ht o North,t he
1994. new c ompet i
tive envi r
onment t hat
ac cel
er at es these pr oc
esses,and t he
i
nt ernat ional i
zingoft hestate… maki ng
the st at es i nto agenc ies of t he
global izingwor ld.
”
OECD,I ntr
a-Fi
rm Trade( Pari
s:OECD, “ …under st
ood ast hephenomenon by
1993),p.7,as c it
ed in R.Br i
nkman whi ch mar ket
s and pr oducti
on in
and J.Br inkman,“ Corporate Power di f
ferent c ountri
es ar e bec omi
ng
and t he Gl obali
zati
on Pr ocess,”inc reasingl
yi nter
dependentduet ot
he
Int
ernati
onal Jour nal of Soc ial dynami c s of t r
ade in goods and
Economics,Vol.29,No.9,2002,pp. ser vicesand t hef l
owsofc api
taland
730-752,pp.730-731. tec
hnol ogy.”

Mar t
in Khor,1995,as c it
ed in J.A. “Globalizati
oniswhatweintheThi
rd
Scholt
e,“ The Gl obali
zation of Wor ld World have sever
alcent
uri
es c
all
ed
Poli
ti
cs,”in J.Bayl is and S.Smi th col
onizati
on.”
(
eds.), The Gl obal
izati
on of Wor ld
Poli
ti
cs,AnI ntr
oduc t
iontoI nter
nat i
onal
Relati
ons(New Yor k:Oxf ordUni versi
ty
Press,1999),p.15

GLOBALI
ZATI
ONc
anmean:

 Theformationofagl obalvil
lage:ac l
osercont
ac tbet
weendiffer
entparts
of t
he wor ld, wit
h increasi
ng possibil
it
ies of personal exc
hange, mutual
underst
andingandf ri
endshipbetween“ worldci
ti
zens”.

 Economic Globali
zati
on:“ f
ree tr
ade” and increasi
ng rel
ati
ons among
member s ofan i
ndust r
yi n di
ff
erentparts ofthe world(gl
obali
zati
on ofan
industry)
,wi t
hac orrespondi
ngerosionofNat i
onalSoverei
gnt
yi ntheeconomi
c
sphere.

TYPESOFGLOBALI
ZATI
ON

Gl
obal
izat
ionc
anbe:

 Cul
tur
al

 Ec
onomi
c

 Pol
it
ical

 Soc
ial

 I
ndust
rial

 Tec
hnol
ogi
cal
 Ec
ologi
cal

 Geogr
aphi
cal

1. Cultur
al Gl obal
izat
ion: i
s the transmi
ssi
on of ideas,
meanings,and val ues around the worldin such a way as t
o ext
end and
i
ntensif
ysocialrel
ations.Thisprocessismarkedbyt hecommonconsumpti
onof
cul
turesthathavebeen di ff
used by theinter
net
,popularcul
turemedia,and
i
nternati
onaltr
avel.

2. Economic Gl obali
zati
on: r ef
ers to t he increasing
i
nt er
dependenceofworldeconomiesasar esul
tofgrowingscaleofcr
oss-border
tradeofc ommodit
iesand servi
ces,fl
ow ofint
ernati
onalcapi
taland wideand
rapidspreadoftec
hnol
ogies.

3. Industri
alGl obali
zation:Everycountryi nthe worldi s
moving towar
ds special
izat
ion. Special
izati
on may be r ef
err
ed to as the
phenomenonofproduci
ngonl ythatproductinwhichthecountryhascompeti
ti
ve
advantageint
ermsofcost.Forexample,Singaporespec
ial
izesinphar
mac eut
ical
whil
etheUSspec i
ali
zesinthemi l
it
aryequi pment
.

4. Financi
alGl obalizat
ion:itmaybedefinedastheemer gence
ofwor ldwide financialmar kets and bet teraccess t
o exter
nalfi
nancing for
corpor
ate,nationalandsub- nationalbor r
ower s.Someproj
ectsinthePhil
ippines
wer esponsoredbyf orei
gninvest or
s.Theymaybei ntheform ofi
nter
nat i
onal
organi
zationsori ndependentinvestors.

5. Informat
ionalGl obal i
zati
on:thisaspec tofglobali
zati
onhas
perhapshadt hegr eatestimpac tont hewor l
dt oday.Sitti
ngatoneendoft he
wor l
d,youc anhaveac cesst
ot hei nformationavailableinanyot herpartofthe
wor l
dwi t
hjustt hepushofabut t
on.I nternet
,televi
sion,telephone,fax,etcare
someoft hei nventionst hatmaybec onsidered asa par toft hei nf
ormati
onal
globali
zat
ion process wher et he informat i
on fl
ow has dr amat ical
lyi nc
reased
betweengeogr aphicall
yr emot
ear easoft hewor l
d.

6. Soc i
alGl obali
zati
on:r efer
st ot he shari
ng ofideas and
i
nfor
mat i
on between and t hrough dif
ferentc ountr
ies.Int oday’s wor
ld,the
i
nter
netand soc ialmedi ai s atthe heartoft hi
s.Good exampl es ofsocial
gl
obali
zati
on couldinc
ludei nternati
onall
ypopul arf i
lms,booksand TV series.
TheHar r
y Potter
,Twilightfil
msand bookshavebeen suc cessf
ulalloverthe
worl
d,maki ngthecharacter
sf eatur
edgloballyrecognizabl
e.
7. Ecol
ogi
calGlobalizat
ion:theeff
ect
sofglobal
izat
ionint
he
ec
ologyaresti
llnotcomplet
elyi
denti
fied,throughsomestudi
essuggestt
hatt
he
pr
ocessofgl
obalizat
ionhasmanyc onsequenc esi
nourecol
ogy.

8. Globali
zati
on and the Poli
ti
cs: through gl
obal
ization,
poli
tic
ali ssuessuch ast heright
sofwomen and childr
en arenow currently
discussed,manyl awsar enow alr
eadyi
mplement
edr egar
dingthei
ssuedont he
ri
ghtsofwomenandc hil
dren.

9. Globali
zati
on wi th Technol
ogy:t echnology r
eall
y plays a
huge parti nthe l
if
e ofever yindividual.Also thr
ough t he advancementof
technol
ogywec annow alreadyc ommuni catewithot hersdespitethedistance
thatseparateus.Andthroughourt echnologytoday,thepr ocessofglobal
izat
ion
i
snow t akingpl
acemuc hfaster
.

10. Geogr
aphical Gl
obal
izat
ion: gl
obal
izat
ions i s movi
ng
towardsthetrendofaborder
lessworl
d.Wec annow expl
orediff
erentc
ount
ries
withouthavi
nganydangers.

NATURESOFGLOBALI
ZATI
ON

Li
ber
ali
zat
ion Fr
eeTr
ade Gl
obal
izat
ionof
Ec
onomicActi
vit
y

Liberali
zati
onof Pr
ivat
izat
ion I
ncreased
Impor t
-Export Col
laborat
ions
System

Ec
onomi
cRef
orms

1. LI BERALIZATI
ON: I tst
ands f
ort he f
reedom ofthe ent
repreneursto
est
ablishanyindust
ryort
radeorbusi
nessventure,wi
thi
nthei
rownc ountri
esor
abroad.

2. FREE TRADE:I tstands forfree fl

ow oftrade relat
ions among allthe
nations.Eac
hst ategrantsMFN( mostfavorednat
ion)st
at ustoothercountr
iesor
states and keeps its business and trade away from exc essive and hard
regulator
yandpr otec
tiveregimes.

3. GLOBALI
ZATI
ON OF ECONOMIC ACTIVI
TY:Economicacti
vit
ies are be
gover
nedbothbythedomest
icmarketandtheworl
dmar ket
.Itstandsf orthe
pr
ocessofi
ntegr
ati
ngt
hedomest
icec
onomywi
thwor
ldec
onomi
es.

4. LI BERALIZATI
ON OFIMPORT-EXPORTSYSTEM: I tst
andsf
orliber
ating
theimport
-expor
tact
ivi
tyandsec
uri
ngaf r
eef
low ofgoodsandser
vic
esac ross
border
s.

5. PRI VATIZATION:Keeping t
he state away f
rom owner
shi
p ofmeans of
pr
oduct
ion and di
stri
but
ion and l
ett
ing t
he fr
eeflow ofi
ndust
rial
,tr
adeand
ec
onomicacti
vit
yacrossbor
ders.

6. I NCREASED COLLABORATI ONS: enc ouragi

ng t he process of
col
laborat
ions among t he ent
repreneur
s wi t
h a vi ew to sec
ure rapi
d
modernizati
on,devel
opmentandtechnol
ogi
caladvancement
.

7. ECONOMI C REFORMS:encouragi
ngf i
scaland fi
nanci
alreformswitha
vi
ew t
ogi
vest
rengt
htofr
eeworl
dtrade,freeent
erpr
ise,andmarketforc
es.

Globali
zati
onac cept
sand advocatest hevalueoffreewor ldtrade,freedom of
accesst oworldmarket
sandaf reef l
ow ofinvest
mentsac
r ossborders.Itstands
for int
egrati
on and democ r
ati
zation of the worl
d’sc ultur
e, economy and
i
nfrastruct
urethr
oughglobali
nvest
ment s.

SI
GNSOFGLOBALI
ZATI
ON

 Inc
reasei
nint
ernat
ionalt
radeataf
ast
err
atet
hant
hegr
owt
hint
hewor
ld
economy.

 I
ncr
easei
nint
ernat
ionalf
low ofc
api
tali
ncl
udi
ngf
orei
gndi
rec
tinvest
ment
.

 Great
ertrans-
borderdataflow,using sucht
echnol
ogi
es suc
h as t
he
i
nter
net,communicat
ionsat
ell
it
esandtel
ephones.

 Gr
eat
erint
ernat
ionalc
ult
uralexc
hange,f
orexampl
ethr
ought
heexpor
tof
Hol
lywoodandBoll
ywoodmovies.

 Somearguethateventerr
ori
sm hasunder
gonegl
obal
izat
ion.Ter
ror
istnow
haveattac
kedplac
esallovertheworl
d.

 Spreadi
ng ofmul t
icul
tur
alism and bett
eri ndivi
dualacc ess tocul
tural
diver
sity, with on t he other hand, some reduc t
ion in diversit
y thr
ough
assimilat
ion,hybri
dizati
on,Westernizat
ion,Ameri
canizati
onofcultures.

 Erosi
onofnati
onalsover
eignt
yandnat ionalborder
sthr
oughinter
nati
onal
agr
eementsleadi
ng t
o organi
zati
ons l
ike t
he Wor l
d Trade Or
ganizat
ion and
OPEC.

 Gr
eat
eri
nter
nat
ionalt
ravelandt
our
ism.

 Gr
eat
eri
mmi
grat
ion,i
ncl
udi
ngi
ll
egalmi
grat
ion.

 Devel
opmentofgl
obalt
elec
ommuni
cat
ionsi
nfr
ast
ruc
tur
e.

 Devel
opmentofgl
obalf
inanc
ialsyst
ems.

 Incr
eased i
ntheshar
eoft
hewor
ld ec
onomyc
ont
rol
led bymul
ti
nat
ional
c
orpor
ati
ons.

 I
ncreasedroleofi
nternat
ionalor
gani
zat
ionssuc
hasWTO,WI
PO,I
MFt
hat
dealwit
hinternat
ionalt
ransact
ions.

 I
ncr
easei
nthenumberofst
andar
dsappl
iedgl
obal
ly;e.
gcopywr
ightl
aws.

ANTI
-GLOBALI
ZATI
ON

 Many ant i
-gl
obali
sm ac t
ivist
s see globalizati
on as the promot i
on ofa
Corpor
atistagenda,whi chisintentonc onstr
icti
ngt hefreedomsofi ndividual
sin
t
henameofpr of
it.Theyalsoc laimthati ncreasingaut onomyand st r
ength of
cor
porateenti
tiesincreasi
ngl
yshapet hepolit
icalpolicyofnation-
states.

 Gl
obal
izat
ioni
mposesc r
edi
tbasedec
onomi
cs,r
esul
ti
ngi
nunsust
ainabl
e
gr
owt
hofdebtanddebtcr
ises.

PRO-
GLOBALI
ZATI
ON

 Supporter
s of f ree tr
ade poi nt out t
hat ec onomi
ct heory such as
compar ati
ve advant age suggestst hatfree t
rade leads t
o a mor e eff
ici
ent
all
ocationofresources,withallthoseinvol
vedinthetradebenef
itt
ing.Ingeneral
,
theyclaimt hatthi
sl eadstolowerpr ic
es,moreemploymentandbet teral
locat
ion
ofresources.

GLOBALI
ZATI
ONI
NTHEPHI
LIPPI
NES

Thecount
ryistakingpar
tintheproc
essofgl
obali
zat
ioneversi
ncet
hec
ount
ry
si
gnedagreement
swi t
hWorl
dt r
adeOrgani
zat
ionsi
n1995.

Now,global
izat
ion i
s very ef
fecti
ve i
nt he Phil
ippines,ithas all
owed major
changesi
nt henati
onlikemorel abor
,andmor eFilipi
noandf or
eignc ompani
es
hasemergedinthenati
oninor dertohel
pt hecountry’sdevel
opi
ngec onomy.
Global ization can maket hePhi li
ppi
nesi ntoa bet ternat i
on ift hePhili
ppines
l
eader st o make t heir economy mor e advanc et hrough globalt radi
ng and
all
owi ngmor ef or
eigni nvestorst ohel
pboostt heec onomy.Andbyac compli
shing
thosegoal s,t hePhi l
ippinesshoul dbeablet oreduc ethepover tylevelaswel las
i
nc reasel aborf orcef orjoboppor t
unit
iesfort hoset hatarei nneedf oralivi
ng.
However ,sinc ethepover t
yl evelisstil
lincreasing,mostFi li
pinoshasmanaged
tofindwor koverseasandt heyhavemanagedt oseekbet terlivingthanint he
Philippines.Themostef f
ectivef act
orinthePhi l
ippinesi seducation.Thesociety’
s
ment ali
tyi stobeeduc atedandi t’switheduc ati
ont hatpeoplei nt henati
onsee
theiroppor tunityforabet terl i
feinthefuture.

ADVANTAGESOFGLOBALI
ZATI
ON

PEACEFULRELATI
ONS

EMPLOYMENT

EDUCATI
ON

PRODUCTQUALI
TY

CHEAPERPRI
CES

COMMUNI
CATI
ON

TRANSPORTATI
ON

GDPI
NCREASE

FREETRADE

TRAVELANDTOURI
SM

EXTERNALBORROWI
NG

1. PEACEFUL RELATI ONS:Mostofthe count

ries have resor
ted t
otrade
rel
ationswith each ot
herin or
dert
oboostt
heireconomy,l eavingbehi
nd any
bit
terpastexperi
encesifany.

2. EMPLOYMENT: Considered as one of t

he most c ruc
ialadvantages,
gl
obal
izati
onhasl
ed t
othegenerati
onofnumerousempl oymentopport
uniti
es.
Companiesar
emovi
ngtowar
dst hedevel
opi
ngcount
riest
oac quir
elaborf
orce.

3. EDUCATI ON:Aver
ycr
iti
caladvant
agethathasaidedthepopul
ationi
sthe
spr
ead ofeduc
ati
on.Wit
hnumer ouseducat
ionali
nst
it
utionsar
ound theglobe,
onec
anmoveoutf
rom t
hehomec
ount
ryf
orbet
teroppor
tuni
ti
esel
sewher
e.

4. PRODUCT QUALI TY:the productquali

ty has been enhanced so as t
o
ret
ainthecustomers.Todaythecustomersmayc ompromi sewit
ht hepric
erange
butnotwiththequal i
tyoftheproduct.Low orpoorquali
tycanadver sel
yaffect
consumersati
sfact
ion.

5. CHEAPER PRI
CE:gl
obal
izat
ion hasbr
oughti
nfi
erc
ecompet
it
ion i
nthe
mar
ket
s.

6. COMMUNI CATION:Ever y si
nglei nf
ormati
on is easil
y accessibl
ef rom
almostever
yc ornerofthewor ldcir
culati
onofinf
ormationisnol ongerat edi
ous
task,and can happen in seconds.Thei nter
nethassi gnif
icant
ly af
fect
ed the
globalec
onomy,t her
ebyprovidingdirectacc
esstoinf
ormationandpr oducts.

7. TRANSPORTATI ON: Consider

ed as t he wheel of ever y business
organi
zati
on,connec
tivi
tytovar i
ouspartsofthewor l
disnomor ea ser
ious
probl
em. Today with various mode of t
ransport
ati
on avai
lable, one can
conveni
entl
ydeli
vertheproduct
stoac ust
omerl
ocatedtoanypartoftheworld.

8. GDPI NCREASE:GrossDomesti
cPr oducts,commonlyknownasGDP,i s
themoneyvalueofthefi
nalgoodsandser vi
cespr oduc
edwit
hinthedomest
ic
ter
rit
oryoft
hecount
rydur
inganaccounti
ngyear .

9. FREETRADE:I ti
sapol ic
yinwhi
chac ount
rydoesnotl
evytaxes,dut
ies,
subsi
dies orquot
a on the i
mportorexpor
tofgoods orservi
ces f
rom ot
her
count
ries.

10. TRAVEL AND TOURI SM:Gl obali

zati
on has promoted tour
ism t
o gr
eat
hei
ght
s.Int
ernat
ionaltradeamongdi ff
erentcount
riesalsohelpsincr
easi
ngthe
numberoft
ouri
ststhatvisi
tdiff
erentplacesaroundtheworld.

11. EXTERNAL BORROWI NG: Wi t

h t he hel
p of globali
zat
ion, t
her
e i s
opport
unityforcor
por
ate,nat
ional,and sub-
nati
onalborrowerstohavebetter
access t
o exter
nalfi
nance,wi t
hf aci
li
ti
es such as ext
ernalborrowi
ng and
syndicat
edloans.

DI
SADVANTAGESOFGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
 HEALTHI
SSUES

LOSSOFCULTURE

UNEVENWEALTH
DISTRIBUTION
ENVIRONMENT
DEGRADATI ON
DISPARI
TY

CONFLI
CTS

CUT-
THROATCOMPETI
TION

1. HEALTH I SSUES:Gl obali

zati
on has given rise t
o more
healt
hr i
sksandpr esentsnew t hr
eatsandc hall
engesforepidemics.Thedawn
ofHIV/AI DS.Havi ngi t
sor i
ginint hewil
dernessofAf r
ica,t
hevi r
ushasspr ead
li
kewi l
dfirethroughoutt heglobeinnot i
me.Foodi t
emsar ealsotransport
edto
vari
ousc ountri
es,andt hisamat t
erofconcern,especi
allyi
nc aseofperishabl
e
it
ems.

2. LOSS OF CULTURE:Wi thlar genumberofpeopl emovi

ng
i
ntoandoutofac ountr
y,thec ult
uretakesabac kseat.Peoplemayadapttothe
cult
ureoftheresi
dentc ount
ry.They tend t
of oll
ow t hef orei
gn c
ult
uremore,
for
gett
ingt
hei
rownr oot
s.Thisc angiveri
set
oc ul
tur alconf
li
c t
s.

3. UNEVEN WEALTH DISTRIBUTI

ON:Itissaidthatri
c hare
get
ti
ngricherwhi
let
hepooraregetti
ngpoor
er.I
ntherealsense,gl
obal
izat
ion
hasnotbeenabl
etoreduc
epover
ty.

4. ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION:The i
ndust
rialrevol
uti
on
hasc
hangedt
heout
lookoft
heec
onomy.I
ndust
riesar
eusi
ngnatur alr
esourc
es
bymeansofmi
ning,dr
il
li
ng,et
c,whi
chput
sabur
denont
heenvi
ronment
.

5. DI SPARITY:Throughglobali
zationhasopenednew avenues
l
ike wi dermar ket
s and empl oyment,there are sti
llexi
sts di
spar
ityi nthe
developmentoft heec onomies.Struct
uralunempl oymentowest othedi spar
ity
creat
ed.Developedc ountri
esaremovi ngthei
rfactori
estofor
eigncount
rieswher e
l
abori dcheaplyavailable.

6. CONFLICTS:Ithasgivenri
setoter
ror
ism andotherfor
ms
ofviolenc
e.Suc
hac
tsnotonl
yc auselossofhumanli
febutalsohugeeconomic
losses.

7. CUT-THROAT COMPETI TION: Opening the door s of

i
nternati
onaltradehasgivenbi r
thtointensecompeti
ti
on.Thishasaf f
ect
edthe
l
ocalmar ketsdramatic
all
y.Thelocalplayerst
herebysuff
erhugelossesasthey
l
ac kthepotent
ialtoadver
t i
seorexpor
ttheirpr
oductsonalargescal
e.Theref
ore,
thedomesticmar ket
sshri
nk.

QUALTI
ESANDCHARACTERI
STI
CSOFGLOBALI
ZATI
ON

1. CREATIONANDMULTI PLI
CATION-i nvol
vescr
eati
onofnew
and multipl
icat
ion ofexist
ing soci
alnetworks and c ul
turalact
ivi
ti
es thus,
breaki
ng the tr
adit
ional
,nor ms and pr
act
ices i
nt he poli
ti
cal
,economic
,and
cult
uralr
ealmsofmostc ommunities.

2. EXPANSION AND STRETCHI NG- globali

zat ion is very
evidentint heexpansionandstretc
hingofsocialoperati
onsandc onnec t
ions,on
how t hef i
nanci
almar ket
sandt radingoperatearoundt heglobel iketheWor ld
TradeOr gani
zati
on,ASEAN Ec onomi cCommuni ty,WorldEc onomi cForum and
Eur opean Union br
oughttotheexpansi on ofloc
alec onomiest hrough opening
theireconomiestotheotherpart
soft heworl
d.

3. CONSCI OUSNESS AND AWARENESS- gl obal

ization
invol
vest hehumanc onsciousnessandawar eness.People,ast hepr i
maryac tors
ofglobalizati
onar ethefrontl i
nersasref
lectedi ntheirexperiences.Thehuman
consciousnessi scri
ti
calonhow t heyi
mpac tthegr owingout c
omesandmar kers
ofglobali
zation.Theirdail
yac t
ionssuc
hasgl obalinter
dependenc epr ovi
delar ge
-scal
ei mplic
ationstothenor msandpr act
icesoft heborderlesswor ld.
ACTI
VITY3:

Dir
ect
ion:Expl
aint
hec
onc
ept
/ideaofgl
obal
izat
ionbyanal
yzi
ngt
hephot
o
bel
ow.

__
_________
_______
____
___
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____
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____
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________
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_________
____
________
__
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_______
____
___
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________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
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________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
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________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
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________
_______
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_________
____
________
__
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_______
____
___
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________
_______
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_________
____
________
__
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_______
____
___
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________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
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________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
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________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
________.
ACTI
VITY4:

Direc
tion:Fi
llupthetablewi
ththeneededinformat
ion.Ident
ifythecountr
yof
ori
ginwher ethei
temsar emanufac
tured.Labeli
tasinternat
ionalorloc
aland
thenanswert hequesti
onbel
ow.

I
TEM/PRODUCT BRANDNAME COUNTRYOFORI
GIN

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

1. Basedont
het
abl
ewhatc
anyouc
onc
ludeaboutt
hedat
a?

__
_________
_______
____
___
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________
_______
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____
________
__
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_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
__

__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
.

2. Whyi
sitt
hatdespi
tebei
ngt
aggedonc
east
het
extc
api
taloft
hewor
ld
andamongt het
opusersofsoc
ialmedi
a(Facebook),t
hePhi l
ippi
nesi
snotamong
thec
ount
riesinc
ludedi
nanyoft her
ankingsofglobal
izat
ion?

__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________

__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
________
__
_________
_______
____
___
__________
________
_______
______
_________
____
_______.

I
. MULTI
PLECHOI
CE

Dir
ect
ion:Readt
hefol
lowingquest
ionsc
aref
ull
y.Wr
itet
hel
ett
eroft
hec
orr
ect
answeronthespac
epr ovi
ded.

______1.I
tisater
m usedt
odescri
bet
hechangesinsociet
iesandt
heworl
d
economythatar
et her
esul
tofdr
amati
cal
lyi
ncreasedtr
adeandc ul
tur
al
exchange.

A. West
erni
zat
ion C.Gl
obal
izat
ion

B. Cont
ext
ual
izat
ion D.Fr
eeTr
ade

______2.I
tst
andsfort
hefreedom oft
heent
repr
eneurstoest
ablishanyi
ndust
ry
ortradeorbusi
nessvent
ure,wit
hinthei
rowncountr
iesorabroad.

A. Pr
ivat
izat
ion C.Fr
eeTr
ade

B. Li
ber
ali
zat
ion D.Col
labor
ati
on

______3.I
tisthepr
ocessofc ol
labor
ati
onsamongtheentr
epreneur
swi t
haview
tosecurerapi
dmodernizat
ion,devel
opmentandt
echnol
ogic
aladvancement
.

A. Li
ber
ali
zat
ion C.Pr
ivat
izat
ion
B. Fr
eeTr
ade D.Col
labor
ati
on

______4.Itstandsforf
reefl
ow oftrader
elati
onsamongal lt
henations.Wherein
eachst ategrantsMFN (mostfavor
ednation)statustoot
hercount
riesorstates
andkeepsi t
sbusinessandtradeawayf rom excessi
veandhardregulat
oryand
protec
tiveregimes.

A. Li
ber
ali
zat
ion C.Pr
ivat
izat
ion

B. Fr
eeTr
ade D.Col
labor
ati
on

______5.I
tist
het
ransmissi
onofi
deas,meani
ngs,andvaluesar
oundt
hewor
ld
insuchawayast oext
endandint
ensif
ysoci
alrel
ati
ons.

A. Cul t
uralGl
obal
izat
ion C.Tec
hnol
ogi
cal
Gl
obal
izat
ion

B. Pol
it
icalGl
obal
izat
ion D.Soc
ialGl
obal
izat
ion

__
____6.I
tref
erstotheshar
ingofi
deasandi
nfor
mat
ionbet
weenandt
hrough
di
ffer
entc
ountr
ies.

A. Cul t
uralGl
obal
izat
ion C.Tec
hnol
ogi
cal
Gl
obal
izat
ion

B. Pol
it
icalGl
obal
izat
ion D.Soc
ialGl
obal
izat
ion

______7.Itref
erst
ot hei
ncreasing int
erdependenc
eofworld ec
onomiesasa
resultofgr
owingsc
aleofc
ross-bordertr
adeofc ommodi
ti
esandservi
ces.

A. Cul t
uralGl
obal
izat
ion C.Tec
hnol
ogi
cal
Gl
obal
izat
ion

Pol
it
icalGl
obal
izat
ion D.Ec
onomi
cGl
obal
izat
ion

__
____8.Al
lthef
oll
owi
ngar
esi
gnsofgl
obal
izat
ionEXCEPTONE.

A. I nc
reasei
nint
ernat
ionalt
radeataf
ast
err
atet
hant
hegr
owt
hint
hewor
ld
ec
onomy.

B. Wi
thoutGr
eat
eri
nter
nat
ionalt
ravelandt
our
ism.

C. I
ncr
easei
nint
ernat
ionalf
low ofc
api
tali
ncl
udi
ngf
orei
gndi
rec
tinvest
ment
.

D. Gr eat
ertrans-
borderdataflow,using sucht
echnol
ogi
es suc
h as t
he
i
nter
net
,communicat
ionsat
ell
it
esandtel
ephones.
__
____9.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
saNOTposi
ti
veef
fec
tofgl
obal
izat
ion?

A. Educ
ati
on C.Di
spar
ity

B. CheaperPr
ice D.Empl
oyment

__
____10.Al
lEXCEPTONEi
sthedi
sadvant
ageofgl
obal
izat
ion.

A. LossofCul
tur
e C.Heal
thI
ssues

B. Fr
eeTr
ade D.Conf
li
cts

I
I. ESSAY

Di
rec
tion:Cr
eat
eyourowndef
ini
ti
onofgl
obal
izat
ionbasedont
hedi
scussi
on.

-
--
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--
--
--
--
ENDOFTHEMODULE-
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REFERENCES:

1. Al dama,P.
K.R(
2018)
.TheCont
empor
aryWor
ld.1sted.RexBookSt
ore,
Inc
.pp.1-
5

2. Abel os,A.V(2018)
.TheCont
empor
aryWor
ld.1sted.Mut
yaPubl
ishi
ng
House,I
nc.pp.1-9