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The Indian economy uses a variety of energy sources, both commercial and non-commercial.
Fuel wood,
animal waste and agricultural residue are the traditional or `non-commercial' sources of energy
that
continue to meet the bulk of the rural energy requirements even today. However, the share of
these
fuels in the primary energy supply has declined from over 70% in the early 50's to a little over
30%
as of today.The traditional fuels are gradually getting replaced by the "commercial fuels" such as
As the electricity is one of the most important input in the Industrial Sector, the development of
the nation is generally compared by the per capita consumption of electricity. In the developing
countries, the indicator can not be related directly with the average development of the nation.
The use of Electricity is basically done on following accounts : 1) Industrial (2) Commercial &
Residential lighting (3) Agriculture and Irrigation. In developing countries, 30% dwellings are
yet
Whereas, in the developed foreign countries, the automation of industries is mainly responsible
for
higher consumption of Electrical power. The use of domestic electrical equipment is also
particularly the hydro is among the cleanest and renewable energy input for economic activity,
domestic and civic conveniences, climate control, communication and technology. The Ministry
of
Power has set on objective of providing "Power for all by 2012". This will entail electrification
of
growth of the country. India since independence have made big strides in the power sector
but with
per capita consumption of around 600 Kwh per year, we are amongst lowest rungs of the
countries in
this vital indicator of economic and social development and power cuts are still resorted to even
in
metro cities what to talk of rural areas. Indian economy, therefore, desperately needs a
better
functioning power sector which can meet the market demand for quality power at a globally
competent
rate.
The infrastructure would need the availability of assured and quality power at affordable price
Power generation in India began more than a century ago in 1898 when the first hydro power
unit was
set up at Darjeeling. When India achieved freedom in 1947, the country had an installed capacity
of
1,360 MW.
The present installed (conventional fuel) generating capacity in the country is 1,18,780 MW. The
share of hydro with 32,370 MW capacity is about 27%. Thermal accounts for maximum share of
70% with
83,100 MW. It comprises of 63,374 MW from coal, Multi Fuel 1744 MW Lignite Based 3455
MW and 13451.9
MW from Gas and liquid fuel and 1,075.1 MW from Diesel. The share of Nuclear is about 2.7%
with 3310
MW. The attainment is significant. However what we achieved in over 50 years will need to be
available, leaving a shortfall of 8.8%. While the peaking requirement was 81,492 MW in 2002-
03, a
a peak demand of 1,15,705 MW and an energy requirement of 7,19,097 MU by the end of 10th
Plan while
the requirement by the end of 11th Plan has been projected as 9,75,222 MU and 1,57,107 MW
respectively.
is likely that a capacity addition of 41,110 MW would only be feasible during the period keeping
in
view the financial level of the power sector and preparedness of projects. The effort is to close
the deficit by the end of the 11th Plan to ensure "Power for all by 2012".
thermal / nuclear power mix in the ratio of 40.60 for flexibility in system operation depending on
typical load pattern. The present ratio is 25:75 which needs to be corrected immediately to meet
factor) out of which only 26,910 MW amounting to 18% of the total potential has been
harnessed.
While 14,393 MW hydro capacity is planned to be added in 10th Plan, action has been taken to
ensure
that more than 20,000 MW of hydro capacity is added during the 11th Plan period.
The population of the country, which is likely to cross the 970x106 mark by the end of 1998,
may
exceed 1315x106 by the end of the year 2019-20. Based on the present trends available in the
rate of
urbanization, the share of urban population is projected to increase from 25.38% in 1990-91 to
43%
in the year 2020. The growth in GDP and its structural changes will have an effect on the
demand for
energy and the energy supply mix in future. The GDP, which grew at a rate of 3.5% on an
average up
to the 70's, has averaged more than 5.6% per annum growth in the 80's.
The GDP grew at the rate of over 6% per annum during the Seventh Five Year Plan period as
against a
target of 5% per annum. The Eighth Plan had set a target of 5.6% per annum growth in GDP and
the
likely achievement is projected to exceed well over 6% per annum. It is assumed in the present
paper
that these trends in GDP growth are likely to continue in future as well. The high rate of
economic
growth is likely to be accompanied by an increasing per capita income and changes in life styles.
This will have an effect on the energy demand as well. In view of the rising awareness in regard
to
the environmental protection and conservation, the future growth in energy sector must consider
such
concerns in order to develop in a manner which is environmentally benign. The key issues facing
a
developing country like India which have energy implications are, therefore, rising population,
need
for economic growth, access to adequate commercial energy supplies and the financial resources
needed to achieve this, rational energy pricing regime, improvements in energy efficiency of
both
the energy supply and consumption, technological up gradation, a matching R&D base and
environmental
protection.
Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-power-scenario-of-india-full-
report#ixzz13ZblpTTS