1 Summarise the causes of global inequality and how it is suggested they
can best be resolved.
Using material from paragraphs 2 to 4, write your summary in no more than 120
words, not counting the opening words that are printed below. Use your own
words as far as possible.
Global inequality is caused by…
Lifts
Causes of global inequality
A “New forms of terrorism
have emerged, creating untold
suffering…” (l. 9)
B “The human costs of
terrorism…” (l.9)
C “…and internal armed
conflicts continue to ravage
countries around the world…”
(l.10)
D “Seemingly intractable
global conditions – poverty,
HIV/AIDS, racism and gender
equality – continue to cause
widespread human misery…”(l.
10-12)
E “These conditions contribute to
the growing marginalization of
individuals and communities…
the number of refugees and
internally displaced people
has risen sharply…” (l. 12-14)
Ways to resolve global
inequality
F “What is different today is that
we have no excuse to be
unaware of the divide
between the world’s rich and
poor…”
G “…concept of human rights
might seem to have a critical
role to play today…its
indivisibility and
universality are perhaps the
closest concepts we have to
being the foundations of a
civilised world.” (l. 23-24)
H “..democracy’s shortcomings
Key Points/Ideas
Changing methods of terrorism
Human lives as the price to pay
for terrorism
Perpetuation of internal armed
conflict
Poverty, HIV/aids, racism –
uncontrollable/unsolvable major
problems
Displacement of people
Obligation of richer countries to
help poorer ones
Human rights serves an
important function in ensuring
that global inequality is
resolved. Human rights exist for
each and every person and
should be made accessible to
all individuals.
Being aware of the
[7]
Paraphrase
The development of novel
methods of inflicting
violence and intimidation
that has led to immense
pain & misery.
The loss of human lives
that is the price of
terrorism has led to much
distress.
Perpetuating civil wars that
have created much
devastation and
destruction in many
countries have widened
inequality in many
countries.
World issues that are
unsolvable and
uncontrollable continue to
afflict many countries
around the world.
Poor people have been
forced out of their homes.
Obligated to help bridge
income gaps and so, those
who have the capacity to
help should not
pretend/ignore their plight.
To recognise/enshrine/
protect human rights as an
indispensable entity.
Addressing the
 are obvious”
I (Inference)“…vast majority of
democratic countries still
trample on the rights of
minorities…excluding their
participation.” (l.28-29)
J (Inference)“…manipulating the
media” (l. 29)
K (Inference) “…repressing
minority cultural practices,
language and religion
(l. 30)
L (inference) “…overriding
minority economic interests,
all in pursuit of the majority’s
interests” (l. 31)
shortcomings of democracy,
hence knowing how to counter
them.
Including participation of
everyone (majority and
minorities)
Freeing the media
Allowing freedom of expression
Pursuing similar economic
interests
limitations/inadequacies of
the democratic
system/leadership.
Ensuring that every
member of a democratic
society has their voice
heard in political decision
making - all levels of
society are involved/ given
an opportunity to
contribute.
Ensuring that the media
has more freedom to
channel the voice of
society.
Ensuring that minority
groups are assured of their
freedom of expression/not
suppressed
Pursuing goals that are
similar in the name of unity
by allowing national
interests to take
precedence.

11 Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You
may write your answer in one word or a short phrase. [5]

Word 1 mark ½ mark 0 mark

a) heinous (line 4) Atrocious, Terrible, evil Serious, shocking,
“They assert that to deny the abominable, hateful
equality of all cultures is to be unforgivable
guilty of the most heinous of
intellectual sins:
"ethnocentrism"”
b) flout (line 6) contravene, mock, insult, ban,
“(the belief in superiority of disobey, defy, break
one’s ethnic background) is to transgress
flout the sacred principle of
cultural relativism.”
c) unprecedented (line 28) unparalled, important,
“an increase in freedom, unmatched, extraordinary
wealth, health, comfort, and
life expectancy
unprecedented in the history
of the world”

d) intractable (line 10) not easily cured Persistent, Difficult, tough, hard
“Seemingly intractable global or relieved, stubborn to manage
conditions… continue to cause unsolvable
widespread human misery.”
e) trample (line 28) Completely Ignore, disregard, Damage, crush, walk
“The vast majority of disregard, over, infringe,
democratic countries still completely ignore neglect, undermine
trample on the rights of
minorities in many ways…”