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Root Definition
Design generation is carried out in 5 phases [2]. However, the scope of this root definition is
limited to the first 2:
• The Schematic Design Phases
• The Design Development Phase
The design process, the purposeful activity modeled by the phases enumerated above, is the
process by which the client’s requirements, the input to the system, are transformed into designs.
This process is divided into two fundamental processes: Understanding and Synthesizing.
Understanding: This procedure is the most important part of the design process as it provides a
clear understanding of the entire project parameters. An in-depth analysis of the scope of the
project including the client requirements and all additional criteria.
Synthesizing: This procedure draws together the results of the various facets of analysis done in
the understanding procedure and identifies the most applicable designs.
Important to note is the fact that the output of the first phase, schematic designs (design sketches)
are further refined in the design development phase using the same processes described above.
where final designs are produced.
Swimlanes Model
The swimlanes model constructed for this organization is detailed in the diagram shown below.
Generate
Requirement List
Create Schematic
Designs (Sketches)
Review Design
for Compliance
to Standards
No
Standards
met?
To Contractors
Conceptual Models
The procedures identified in the root definition are deconstructed into smaller activities which
are itemized below:
Understanding:
• Analyzing the building program (a clear definition of the client’s requirements) through
research and benchmarking.
• Analyzing the project site.
• Analyzing the context in which the site is located.
• Analyzing the building technology of the region.
• Analyzing the project’s long-term environmental impact.
Synthesizing:
• Establishing project goals and objectives.
• Reviewing consultant analysis.
• Prioritizing analysis data.
• Creating a design generative logic (process).
• Monitoring and controlling process.
• Generating designs.
• Evaluating designs against project goals and design logic.
• Selecting alternatives.
Understanding Synthesizing
Generate designs
Analyze Project
Environmental Impact
Evaluate designs
Select alternatives
Decision-Making Roles
In this system, the persons that carry out each of the decision-making roles [1] are given below
1. Recommending alternatives by gathering, analyzing, and presenting information to the
decision-maker: ARCHITECTS
2. Providing input by providing, when consulted, information about the alternatives:
CONSULTANTS
3. Agree by verifying that an alternative is feasible with respect to their domain:
REGULTORY AGENCIES
4. Decides, is responsible for the decision, and has the authority to implement it: CLIENT
5. Perform the decision by implementing the desired actions: ARCHITECTS
References
[1] J. Herrmann, Engineering Decision Making and Risk Management, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 2015.
[2] The American Institue of Architects, The Architects Handbook of Professional Practice, Hoboken,
New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014.