Experiment No.

Vinegar Analysis

Robin D. Torres
Khurt Raymoe Malig
Stephen Shadrach Marcos
Jonel Miko Reyes
Juan Paolo Ocampo

Industrial Engineering – OL68

INTRODUCTION

Household vinegar is a 4-5% (by mass) acetic acid, CH 3COOH, solution. Generally, caramel
flavoring and coloring are also added to make the product aesthetically more appealing. The
experiment was carried out using titration technique to calculate the percent by mass of acetic
acid in household vinegar. Titration is a common laboratory process in which a solution for
determining the volume of the added solution that has been used is applied to another solution
(Helmenstine,2019). This process is usually executed with acids and bases. For this experiment,
acetic acid, CH3COOH, was used as the acidic solution, and sodium hydroxide, NaOH, was used
as the basic solution. To neutralize the mixture the sodium hydroxide (titrant) is added to the
acetic acid(analyte). This has the following chemical equation:

CH3COOH (aq)+ NaOH(aq)—› NaCHCO2 (aq)+ H2O(l)

In this reaction a definite mass of vinegar with a calculated solution of sodium hydroxide is
titrated to the phenolphthalein indicator. This experiment aims to determine the percentage by
mass of CH3COOH the analyte, in a vinegar solution and the amount by which the NaOH
interacts entirely with vinegar until the equivalence point is reached. The point of equivalence is
the point where chemically equivalent quantities of the reactants were mixed.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Chemicals
 Sodium Hydroxide
 Vinegar
 Phenolphthalein
 Distilled water

Apparatus
  Burette
 Erlenmeyer flask
 Volumetric pipette
 Magnetic stirrer
 Ring stand
 Burette clamp
 Volumetric pipet and pipet bulb
 Wash bottle

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The result that was gathered by titration showed that the vinegar has 5% acetic acid
(CH3COOH), on it the process was performed 3 times to gather plausible and a more accurate
result. Table 1 shows the amount of each substance used. And with those data we were able to
calculate the % by mass of acetic acid (CH3COOH) on a vinegar.

We used this formula to calculate the % by mass of acetic acid on a vinegar

And we came up with a result of .50%

 Table 1.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

1. Mass of flask (g) 134.35 134.35 134.35
2.Mass of flask + vinegar (g) 159.43 159.43 159.43
3. Mass of Vinegar (g) 25 25 25
B. Analysis of Vinegar Sample
1.Buret reading of NaOH, initial (ml) 0.5 0.6 0.7
2.Buret reading of NaOH used (ml) 43.7 43.6 43.7
3.Volume of NaOH used (ml) 43.2 43 43
4. Molar concentration of NaOH (mol/L) 0.49 0.49 0.49
5. Moles of NaOH added (mol) 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021
6.Moles of CH3COOH in vinegar (mol) 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021
7. Mass of CH3COOH in vinegar (g) 0.126 0.126 0.126
8.Percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar (%) 0.50% 0.50% 0.50%
9. Average percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar (%) 0.50% 0.50% 0.50%

Calculations:

Volume of NaOH used:

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

43.70 – .050 = 43.2 ml 43.60 – .060 = 43. ml 43.70 – .070 = 43 ml

Convert it into Liter: Convert it into Liter: Convert it into Liter:

43.2 / 1000 = 0.0432L 43 / 1000 = 0.043L 43 / 1000 = 0.043L

Moles of NaOH added:

Trial 1 0.0432 L NaOH x 0.04936 mol NaOH/ 1L = 0.0021 mol NaOH

Trial 2 0.0432 L NaOH x 0.04936 mol NaOH/ 1L = 0.0021 mol NaOH

Trial 3 0.0432 L NaOH x 0.04936 mol NaOH/ 1L = 0.0021 mol NaOH

Moles of CH3COOH in vinegar (mol):

0.0021 mol NaOH x 1 mol CH3COOH / 1 mol NaOH = 0.0021 mol CH3COOH

Mass of CH3COOH in vinegar (g):

Trial 1 0.0021 mol CH3COOH x 60.05g CH3COOH / 1 mol CH3COOH

= 0.126g CH3COOH
Trial 2 0.0021 mol CH3COOH x 60.05g CH3COOH / 1 mol CH3COOH
= 0.126g CH3COOH
Trial 3 0.0021 mol CH3COOH x 60.05g CH3COOH / 1 mol CH3COOH
= 0.126g CH3COOH
Percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar:

Trial 1 0.126g CH3COOH / 25g vinegar x100% = 0.50%

Trial 2 0.126g CH3COOH / 25g vinegar x100% = 0.50%
Trial 3 0.126g CH3COOH / 25g vinegar x100% = 0.50%

Average percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar (%):

.50% + .50% + .50% = 150% 1.50% / 3 = .50%

Pre-Laboratory Questions:

1. Assuming the density of 5% acetic acid by mass solution is 1.0 g/ml, determine the
volume of the acetic acid solution necessary to neutralize 25.0 ml of 0.10 M NaOH.

Since the density is 1 g/ml if we have 1 liter of 1 L vinegar contains 50 g/mol acetic acid
acetic acid then we have 50 g/mol acetic acid.
50 g acetic acid x 1mol CH3COOH / 60.05
Moles of acetic acid in 50g = 0.8326 mol acetic acid
The reaction between acetic acid and NaOH is (25 ml x .10 M) / 0.8326 M = 3 ml
CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COO-Na+ + H2O
Therefore, the volume required to
Therefore, the reaction is 1:1 neutralize 25ml of 0.10 M NaOH is 3 ml

2. a. A chemist often uses a white card with a black mark to aid in reading the meniscus of a
clear liquid. How does this technique make the reading more accurate? Explain.

The white card with a black mark allows the reader to see the meniscus more clearly because the
black part of the paper makes the white part more visible to the eyes .

b. A chemist should wait 10-15 seconds after dispensing a volume of titrant before a reading is
made. Explain why the wait is a good laboratory technique.

The molecules of the titrant and titrand will react at different time so an average of 10-15
seconds of waiting is done for the reaction to complete.
c. The color change at the endpoint should persist for 30 seconds. Explain why the time lapse is a
good titration technique.

The color should persist for 30 seconds because if it did, so the titration is done correctly
and the endpoint is met then from there the titration process is complete.

3. Lemon juice has a pH of about 2.5. Assuming that the acidity of lemon juice is due solely
to citric acid, that citric acid is a monoprotic acid, and that the density of lemon juice is
1.0 g/ml, then the citric acid concentration calculates 0.5% by mass. Estimate the volume
of 0.0100 M NaOH required to neutralize a 3.71g sample of lemon juice. The molar mass
of citric acid is 190.12 g/mol.

If there is 100g/mol lemon juice then there 3.71g/mol lemon juice (.5g/mol / 100g/mol) =
will be .5g/mol citric acid. 0.01855 g/mol citric acid
Molar mass of citric acid 0.01855 g/mol citric acid (1 mol / 190.12 g/mol)
= 9.757x10-5 mol citric acid
Since the reaction is 1:1 V = (9.757*10-5 x1000)/0.0100 ml = 9.757 ml
Therefore, the volume required is 9.757 ml

4. Explain why it is quantitatively not acceptable to titrate each of the vinegar samples with
the NaOH titrant to the same dark pink endpoint.

As soon as the light pink persists the end point has been reached. If you accidentally had a dark
pink endpoint for all of your trials the calculations would be wrong.

Laboratory Questions:

1. Part A.2. A 20-mL volume of previously boiled, deionized water is added to the Erlenmeyer
flask to prepare the sample for titration. Explain why this volume is not critical to the analysis.

The water is just added to the Erlenmeyer flask to make the endpoint reading simpler. The
boiled, deionized water cannot affect the neutralization of hydronium and hydroxide ions.

2. Part A.2. Previously boiled, deionized water is unavailable. In a hurry to pursue the analysis,
deionized water (not boiled) is added. How does this attempt to expedite the analysis affect the
reported percent acetic acid in vinegar. Too high, too low, or unaffected? Explain.

The process of deionizing will not remove dissolve gasses from the water. But in the boiling
process, it will remove carbon dioxide or oxygen from the water. After the process you will
notice a high percent of acid in vinegar.

3. Part A.2 and B.1. The 20 mL of water added to the Erlenmeyer flask is to be previously
boiled, deionized water. Since water does absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and since CO2
dissolved in water causes it to be slightly acidic, will the use of deionized water that has not been
previously boiled cause the mass of acetic acid in the vinegar to be calculated as too high or too
low? Explain

The water volume of deionized water does not matter to the flask, because it will not change the
number of hydroxide ions. It is only used so that it will be simpler to read the endpoint.

4. Part A.2
a. In determining the percent acetic acid in vinegar, the mass of each vinegar sample is measured
rather than the volume. Explain.

Mass is much needed in order to determine the percentage of acetic acid in vinegar rather than
the volume.

b. If the vinegar were measured volumetrically, what additional piece of data would be needed to
complete the calculations for the experiment?

On the off chance that volume is estimated instead of mass, the thickness of the example will be
needed to finish the computations.

5. Part A.3. The buret is filled with the NaOH titrant and the initial volume reading is
immediately recorded without waiting the recommended 10-15 seconds. However, in Part B.1,
the 10-15 second time lapse does occur before the reading is made. Does this technique error
result in an increase, a decrease, or have no effect on the reported percent acetic acid in the
vinegar? Explain.

The method blunder of not holding up the suggested 10-15 seconds will bring about the NaOH
having no impact on the last revealed acidic corrosive in the vinegar. The first reading of the
vinegar without the 10-15second delay between filling the NaOH titrant and recording the
volume is exceptionally miniscule in change, so the percent by mass will have an almost no
change too.

6. Part B.1. The endpoint of the titration is overshot! Does this technique error result in an
increase, a decrease, or have no effect on the reported percent acetic acid in the vinegar? Explain.

The method result about an expansion on the reported percent acidic corrosive in the vinegar. For
the reason of measuring of NaOH arrangement will increase along these lines, the moles of
NaOH will increase as well, at the point when the endpoint of the titration is overshot.

7. Part B.1. The wall of the flask is periodically rinsed with the previously boiled, deionized
water from the wash bottle. Does this titrimetric technique result in an increase, a decrease, or
have no effect on the reported percent acetic acid in the vinegar? Explain.

At the point when the mass of the flask is flushed with the recently boiled, deionized water from
the wash bottle. The titrimetric method result won't be increase nor decrease due to this
procedure has no impact on the described percent acetic acid in the vinegar. that is why this will
offer a similar result.
8. Part B.1. A drop of NaOH titrant, dispensed from the buret, adheres to the wall of the
Erlenmeyer flask but is not washed into the vinegar with the wash bottle. Does this error in
technique result in the reported percent of Acetic acid being too high, too low, or unaffected?
Explain.

At the point when a drop of NaOH titrant, apportioned from the buret, clings to the mass of the
Erlenmeyer flask yet isn't washed into the vinegar with the wash bottle the outcome will be too
low on the grounds that the acetic acid will be too low as well and the clarification is on the
grounds that all the NaOH solution will be circulated when the titration is in the vinegar solution.

CONCLUSION

The data means that a vinegar solution and the amount by which the NaOH interacts entirely
with vinegar until the equivalence point is reached. After watching some videos, we used the
titration technique to calculate the acetic acid in household vinegar (by mass). The experiment
aims to determine the percentage by mass of CH3COOH. By titration technique, the result was
that the vinegar has 5% acetic acid (CH 3COOH), the process was performed 3 times to gather
plausible and a more accurate result. On the table, we used different calculations to be able to
show you the Volume of NaOH used, Moles of NaOH added, Moles of CH 3COOH in vinegar,
Mass of CH3COOH in vinegar, Percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar and lastly the average
percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar with the result of .50%.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This laboratory report would not have been possible without the help of our groupmates. We are
grateful to Robin Torres, Miko Reyes, Juan Ocampo, Stephen Shadrach, and Khurt Malig. Each
member contributed in accomplishing this report. We would also like to thank Engr. Elizabeth
Espiritu our instructor for giving us this project and of course we would like to thank God for
guiding us in doing this report.

REFERENCES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ht1r3izYoBM