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7
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Main page This article is about the number. For the year, see AD 7. For symbolism, see Symbolism of the number 7. For other uses, see 7 (disambiguation) and
Contents No. 7 (disambiguation).
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7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. It is a prime number, and is often considered
Help
←6 7 8→
lucky in Western culture, and is often seen as highly symbolic.
Community portal -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 →
Recent changes List of numbers — Integers
Contents [hide]
Upload file ← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →
1 Evolution of the glyph
Cardinal seven
Tools 2 Mathematics
Ordinal 7th
What links here 2.1 Basic calculations (seventh)
Related changes 3 See also
Numeral system septenary
Special pages 4 Notes
Factorization prime
Permanent link
5 References
Page information Prime 4th
Cite this page Divisors 1, 7
Wikidata item
Evolution of the glyph Greek numeral Ζ´

Print/export
Roman numeral VII, vii
In the beginning, various Hindus wrote 7 more or less in one stroke as a curve that
Greek prefix hepta-/hept-
Download as PDF looks like an uppercase J vertically inverted. The western Ghubar Arabs' main
Printable version Latin prefix septua-
contribution was to make the longer line diagonal rather than straight, though they
Binary 1112
In other projects showed some tendencies to making the character more rectilinear. The eastern Arabs developed the
Ternary 213
Wikimedia Commons character from a 6 lookalike into an uppercase V lookalike. Both modern Arab forms influenced the European
Octal 78
form, a two-stroke character consisting of a horizontal upper line joined at its right to a line going down to the
Languages Duodecimal 712
bottom left corner, a line that is slightly curved in some font variants. As is the case with the European glyph,
‫ا‬ the Cham and Khmer glyph for 7 also evolved to look like their glyph for 1, though in a different way, so they Hexadecimal 716
Español were also concerned with making their 7 more different. For the Khmer this often involved adding a horizontal Greek numeral Z, ζ
Français ፯
line above the glyph.[1] This is analogous to the horizontal stroke through the middle that is sometimes used Amharic
Bahasa Indonesia
Bahasa Melayu
in handwriting in the Western world but which is almost never used in computer fonts. This horizontal stroke Arabic, Kurdish, Persian ٧
Português is, however, important to distinguish the glyph for seven from the glyph for one in writings that use a long Sindhi, Urdu ۷
Русский upstroke in the glyph for 1. In some Greek dialects of early 12th century the longer line diagonal was drawn in Bengali ৭
‫اردو‬ a rather semicircular transverse line. 七, 柒
中⽂
Chinese numeral
On the seven-segment displays of pocket calculators and digital watches, 7 is the number with the Devanāgarī ७
136 more
Edit links
most common glyph variation (1, 6 and 9 also have variant glyphs). Most calculators use three line Telugu ౭
segments, but on Sharp, Casio, and a few other brands of calculators, 7 is written with four line
௭
① in the following
Tamil
segments because, in Japan, Korea and Taiwan 7 is written with a "hook" on the left, as
illustration.
Hebrew ‫ז‬
Khmer ៧
While the shape of the 7 character has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with Thai ๗
text figures the character usually has a descender, as, for example, in . Kannada ೭
Most people in Continental Europe,[2] and some in Britain and Ireland as well as Latin America, Malayalam ൭
write 7 with a line in the middle ("7"), sometimes with the top line crooked. The line through the middle
is useful to clearly differentiate the character from the number one, as the two can appear similar when written in certain styles of handwriting. This
glyph is used in official handwriting rules for primary school in Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Poland, other Slavic countries,[3] France, Italy, Belgium, Finland,[4]
Romania, Germany, Greece,[5] and Hungary.[6][failed verification]

Mathematics
Seven, the fourth prime number, is not only a Mersenne prime (since 23 − 1 = 7) but also a double Mersenne prime since the exponent, 3, is itself a
Mersenne prime.[7] It is also a Newman–Shanks–Williams prime,[8] a Woodall prime,[9] a factorial prime,[10] a lucky prime,[11] a happy number (happy
prime),[12] a safe prime (the only Mersenne safe prime), and the fourth Heegner number.[13]

Seven is the lowest natural number that cannot be represented as the sum of the squares of three integers. (See Lagrange's four-square
theorem#Historical development.)
Seven is the aliquot sum of one number, the cubic number 8 and is the base of the 7-aliquot tree.
7 is the only number D for which the equation 2n − D = x2 has more than two solutions for n and x natural. In particular, the equation 2n − 7 = x2 is
known as the Ramanujan–Nagell equation.
7 is the only dimension, besides the familiar 3, in which a vector cross product can be defined.
7 is the lowest dimension of a known exotic sphere, although there may exist as yet unknown exotic smooth structures on the 4-dimensional sphere.
999,999 divided by 7 is exactly 142,857. Therefore, when a vulgar fraction with 7 in the denominator is converted to a decimal expansion, the result has
the same six-digit repeating sequence after the decimal point, but the sequence can start with any of those six digits.[14] For example,
1/7 = 0.142857 142857... and 2/7 = 0.285714 285714....
In fact, if one sorts the digits in the number 142,857 in ascending order, 124578, it is possible to know from which of the digits the decimal part of the
number is going to begin with. The remainder of dividing any number by 7 will give the position in the sequence 124578 that the decimal part of the
resulting number will start. For example, 628 ÷ 7 = 89 57 ; here 5 is the remainder, and would correspond to number 7 in the ranking of the ascending
sequence. So in this case, 628 ÷ 7 = 89.714285. Another example, 5238 ÷ 7 = 748 27 , hence the remainder is 2, and this corresponds to number 2 in the
sequence. In this case, 5238 ÷ 7 = 748.285714.

A seven-sided shape is a heptagon.[15] The regular n-gons for n ≤ 6 can be constructed by compass and straightedge alone, but the regular heptagon
cannot.[16] Figurate numbers representing heptagons (including seven) are called heptagonal numbers. Seven is also a centered hexagonal number.[17]
There are seven frieze groups,[18] the groups consisting of symmetries of the plane whose group of translations is isomorphic to the group of integers.
There are seven fundamental types of catastrophes.[19]
When rolling two standard six-sided dice, seven has a 6 in 62 (or 16 ) probability of being rolled (1–6, 6–1, 2–5,
5–2, 3–4, or 4–3), the greatest of any number.[20]
The Millennium Prize Problems are seven problems in mathematics that were stated by the Clay Mathematics
Institute in 2000.[21] Currently, six of the problems remain unsolved.[22]

Basic calculations

Multiplication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 25 50 100 1000

7×x 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 105 175 350 700 7000 Graph of the probability distribution
of the sum of 2 six-sided dice

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Division
11 12 13 14 15
7 3.5 2.3 1.75 1.4 1.16 1 0.875 0.7 0.7
7÷x
0.63 0.583 0.538461 0.5 0.46
0.142857 0.285714 0.428571 0.571428 0.714285 0.857142 1 1.142857 1.285714 1.428571
x÷7
1.571428 1.714285 1.857142 2 2.142857

Exponentiation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7x 7 49 343 2401 16807 117649 823543 5764801 40353607 282475249
x7 1 128 2187 16384 78125 279936 823543 2097152 4782969 10000000

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Radix
110 120 130 140 150 200 250 500 1000 10000 100000 1000000
1 5 137 217 267 347 427 557 1017 1147 1307 1437 1567 2027
x7
2157 2317 2447 2607 3037 4047 5057 13137 26267 411047 5643557 113333117

See also
Septenary (numeral system)
Mathematics portal
Septenary (Theosophy)
Seven climes
Wikimedia Commons has
Year Seven (School) media related to 7 (number).
Se7en (disambiguation)
Sevens (disambiguation) Look up seven in
Wiktionary, the free
Luck dictionary.
One-seventh area triangle
Diatonic scale

Notes
1. ^ Georges Ifrah, The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the 12. ^ "Sloane's A035497 : Happy primes" . The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer
Invention of the Computer transl. David Bellos et al. London: The Harvill Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
Press (1998): 395, Fig. 24.67 13. ^ "Sloane's A003173 : Heegner numbers" . The On-Line Encyclopedia of
2. ^ Eeva Törmänen (September 8, 2011). "Aamulehti: Opetushallitus harkitsee Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
numero 7 viivan palauttamista" . Tekniikka & Talous (in Finnish). Archived 14. ^ Bryan Bunch, The Kingdom of Infinite Number. New York: W. H. Freeman &
from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011. Company (2000): 82
3. ^ "Education writing numerals in grade 1." Archived 2008-10-02 at the 15. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Heptagon" . mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved
Wayback Machine(Russian) 2020-08-25.
4. ^ Elli Harju (August 6, 2015). " "Nenosen seiska" teki paluun: Tiesitkö, mistä 16. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "7" . mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
poikkiviiva on peräisin?" . Iltalehti (in Finnish). 17. ^ "Sloane's A003215 : Hex (or centered hexagonal) numbers" . The On-Line
5. ^ "Μαθηματικά Α' Δημοτικού" [Mathematics for the First Grade] (PDF) (in Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
Greek). Ministry of Education, Research, and Religions. p. 33. Retrieved 18. ^ Heyden, Anders; Sparr, Gunnar; Nielsen, Mads; Johansen, Peter (2003-08-
May 7, 2018. 02). Computer Vision - ECCV 2002: 7th European Conference on Computer
6. ^ "Example of teaching materials for pre-schoolers" (French) Vision, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 28-31, 2002. Proceedings. Part II .
7. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Double Mersenne Number" . mathworld.wolfram.com. Springer. p. 661. ISBN 978-3-540-47967-3. "A frieze pattern can be classified
Retrieved 2020-08-06. into one of the 7 frieze groups..."

8. ^ "Sloane's A088165 : NSW primes" . The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer 19. ^ Antoni, F. de; Lauro, N.; Rizzi, A. (2012-12-06). COMPSTAT: Proceedings in
Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-06-01. Computational Statistics, 7th Symposium held in Rome 1986 . Springer
9. ^ "Sloane's A050918 : Woodall primes" . The On-Line Encyclopedia of Science & Business Media. p. 13. ISBN 978-3-642-46890-2. "...every
Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-06-01. catastrophe can be composed from the set of so called elementary

10. ^ "Sloane's A088054 : Factorial primes" . The On-Line Encyclopedia of catastrophes, which are of seven fundamental types."

Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-06-01. 20. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Dice" . mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-25.

11. ^ "Sloane's A031157 : Numbers that are both lucky and prime" . The On- 21. ^ "Millennium Problems | Clay Mathematics Institute" . www.claymath.org.
Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved Retrieved 2020-08-25.
2016-06-01. 22. ^ "Poincaré Conjecture | Clay Mathematics Institute" . web.archive.org.
2013-12-15. Retrieved 2020-08-25.

References
Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers London: Penguin Group (1987): 70–71

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Categories: Integers 7 (number)

This page was last edited on 25 August 2020, at 19:46 (UTC).

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