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5. “Oh well. You did it right this time! And I thought 4. Pay attention to non-verbal cues and look beyond Lesson 3: Critical Viewing
you were hopeless!” the spoken message. Critical viewing – entails comprehension, interpretation,
Lesson 2: Types of Speeches According to Purpose 5. Keep an open mind and be emphatic. and evaluation of the information presented by television,
3 major types of speech according to purpose: 6. Listen and try to visualize what the speaker is film, and other visual media.
1. Speech to inform – the most common type of speech. saying. - In the process of interpreting, you will be facing
As a speaker using this speech, you need to educate or 7. Give the speaker regular feedback. symbols like light, sound effects, editing, script,
expose your audience to things or information they are not Lesson 2: Critical Reading music, and more.
aware of or they need to know more about. Critical Reading – is a form of language analysis The following can help you evaluate a film, television
2. Speech to entertain – usually short just to give the that does not take the given text at face value but show, or video.
audience an enjoyable and relaxing experience. involves a deeper examination of the claims put Before viewing:
Here are some steps that can guide you in writing and forth as well as the supporting points and possible 1. Know your purpose before viewing the film, television
delivering an entertaining speech. counterarguments. show, or video.
1. Choose a light topic. The steps involved in critical reading are analysis, 2. If you are viewing a film, predict sequence of events, the
2. Enjoy the moment. interpretation, and evaluation. point of view of the creator, etc.
3. Visualize the story in your head. To become a purposeful, active, critical reader, you may 3. Connect the film or video with other media like books,
4. Surprise your audience. take into consideration the following strategies. blogs, etc. that describes a similar idea.
3. Speech to persuade – aims to influence the thinking or 1. Monitor Comprehension. 4. Concept map the video topic in a self-selected context.
behavior of its audience. It is the most challenging speech 2. Metacognition. 5. Create self-produced guiding questions.
to write and deliver because you need to organize your You may use the steps listed below. It may be hard at During viewing:
speech in a way that is acceptable to your audience first but by regular practice, you could be better. 1. To be able to understand the film or video, you can
without threatening or forcing them. a. Identify where the difficulty occurs. pause it to monitor comprehension or rewind to clarify
b. Identify what the difficulty is. comprehension.
CHAPTER 4: EVALUATING MESSAGES c. Restate the difficult sentence in your own words. 2. You can re-watch the film or video with new purpose
d. Look back through the text. and perspective.
AND/OR IMAGES e. Look forward in the text for information that might 3. Form relevant questions based on viewing.
Lesson 1: Critical Listening help you resolve the difficulty. 4. Make meaningful inferences.
Critical listening – is a logical process of scrutinizing what 3. Graphic organizers. After viewing:
you listened to. 4. Answering questions. 1. Retell what happened.
- It involves analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating. Four types of questions you may use: 2. Summarize main idea.
- It sometimes involves problem solving or decision- a. Questions found right in the text. 3. Recall own thinking and/or emotions during video
making. b. Questions based on the recall of facts that are (metacognition).
Here are some steps that you can follow to develop your direct found in the text. 4. Infer social context with respect to total views or social
listening skills and be a critical listener. c. Questions where you can make use of what you shares.
1. Be attentive but relaxed. already know against what you have learned from 5. Separate explicit and implicit ideas.
2. Avoid interrupting the speaker and imposing your the text.
ideas. d. Questions based on your experiences.
3. Wait for the speaker to pause before you ask 5. Recognizing story structure.
clarifying questions. 6. Summarizing. ----------------------------- END OF TERM -----------------------------