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1 – Spherical (cocci)
2 – Rods (bacilli)
3 – Comma shaped (vibrios)
4 – Spirals (spirochetes)
COCCI
G+ve G-ve
Streptococci
Gram – positive spherical or ovoid cells,
Arranged in chains or pairs (due to division
in single plane).
All species are catalase negative.
Their growth requires enriched medium
containing blood or serum.
STREPTOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
• Streptococci are gram-positive spherical or ovoid cells,
arranged in chains or pairs due to division in single
plane.
Impetigo
Laboratory diagnosis
A-Samples: A throat swab, pus, high vaginal swab. Blood for Blood
culture in case of bacteraemia.
B-Direct detection
•Gram-stained smear: Gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains.
•Streptococcal group A antigen in throat specimens.
C-Cultivation
Specimens are plated directly onto sheep blood agar and incubated at
37oC with 5% CO2.
Blood culture should be done in cases of bacteraemia accompanying
infections like puerperal sepsis and endocarditis.
D-Identification
- Colonies showing catalase negative Gram-positive cocci in pairs or
chains can be considered Streptococcus species for further identification.
- Colonies surrounded with wide zone of beta-haemolysis should be
tested for serogroups and bacitracin susceptibility. S. pyogenes belongs
to group A and is susceptible to bacitracin.
Gram stained smear of Streptococcus infection
Streptococcal Culture on Blood Agar
Morphology
Gram-positive, lancet-shaped diplococci, capsulated and
may form short chains. The capsule appears as an
unstained zone around the organism
Quellung test
Differences between S. pneumoniae and viridans streptococci
Quellung test + -
DNA –probe-Specific-
to-S.peumoniea + -
Optchin sensitivity test
ENTEROCOCCUS
•They are Gram-positive cocci that occur singly, in pairs, and in short
chains.
• They grow in broth containing 6.5% NaCl and are able to grow at 45 0C.
•Catalase negative and hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile salts.
•React with the streptococcal Lancefield group D antiserum.
•Enterococci are frequently resistant to antibiotics. They are absolutely
(intrinsically) resistant to cephalosporins and clindamycin.
•The common 2 species are Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus
faecium.