Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prof.

DeCarlo

ECE 202 L INEAR C IRCUIT A NALYSIS II (S P ’10)

Homework #8 Solution (29–32)

Problem 29
(a)
Vout (s) 2s + 6
H(s) = = 2 is excited by the input vin (t) = 2 cos(2t + 45∘ ) V. Then the output will be
Vin (s) s + 4s + 16
( )
vout (t) = 2∣H( j2)∣ cos 2t + 45∘ + ∠(H( j2)) V
6+4j
H( j2) = = 0.5∠0∘
12 + 8 j
( )
⇒ vout (t) = cos 2t + 45∘ V

(b)
(s + 1)(s − 1) ( )
H(s) = has output vout (t) = 3 cos 3t + 45∘ V. Then the input will be
s(s + 4)

3 ( )
vin (t) = cos 3t + 45∘ − ∠(H( j3)) V
∣H( j3)∣
−9 − 1
H( j3) = = (2/3)∠53.1301∘
−9 + 12 j
( )
⇒ vin (t) = 4.5 cos 3t − 8.1301∘ V

(c)

R1 = R2 = R = 1Ω, L = 0.2H, C = 0.25F

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R1 R2 + Ls
R1Cs + 1 ( R2 LC)
VC (s) = V (s) = Vin
R1 R2 Ls in R1 + R2 1 1
+ s +
2 s+
R1Cs + 1 R2 + Ls R1 R2 C LC
1 1
s+ 4s + 20
⇒ H(s) = RC LC =
2 1 s + 8s + 20
2
s2 + s+
RC LC

vin (t) = 20 cos(4t) V

( )
vout (t) = 20∣H( j4)∣ cos 4t + ∠(H( j4)) V

20 + 16 j
H( j4) = = 0.7942 ∠(−44.2152∘ )
4 + 32 j
( )
vout (t) = 15.8842 cos 4t − 44.2152∘ V

(d)

1
IL (s) = (Vin −VC (s))
Ls ( )
1 4s + 20
= Vin − 2 Vin
Ls s + 8s + 20
( )
IL (s) 1 4s + 20 5s + 20
⇒ H(s) = = 1− 2 = 2
Vin (s) Ls s + 8s + 20 s + 8s + 20
20 + 20 j
H( j4) = = 0.8771 ∠(−37.8750∘ )
4 + 32 j
( )
iL (t) = 17.5420 cos 4t − 37.8750∘ V

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Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prof. DeCarlo

Problem 30

C2 = 1F

Vout Ys C1 s + G1
H(s) = = − = −
Vin Yf C2 s + G2
s + 0.2 s + 1/(R1C1 )
= −5 = −C1
s+4 s + G2
⇒ C1 = 5 F, R2 = 0.25Ω, R1 = 1 Ω

(a) Steady-state response of vout,ss (t)

( ) ( )
vin (t) = 2 sin 2t u(t) V = 2 cos 2t − 90∘ u(t) V
( )
vout (t) = K cos ω t + θ
where K = 2 ∣H( j2)∣ and θ = −90∘ + ∠(H( j2))
1 + 10 j
H( j2) = − = 2.2472∠ − 122.2756∘
4+2j
( )
vout (t) = 4.4944 cos 2t − 212.2756∘ V

(b) Complete response of vout (t)

( )
s + 0.2 4
Vout (s) = − 5
s + 4 s2 + 4
( )
vout (t) = 3.8e−4t − 3.8 cos(2t) − 2.4 sin(2t) u(t) V

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Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prof. DeCarlo

(c)
Using trig identity, cos(α + β ) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β ,
( ) ( )
4.4944 cos 2t − 212.2756∘ = 4.4944 cos(2t) cos(−212.2756∘ ) − sin(2t) sin(−212.2756∘ )
( )
= 4.4944 cos(2t)(−0.8455) − sin(2t)(0.5340)
= − 3.8 cos(2t) − 2.4 sin(2t)

Problem 31

(a)

s2
H(s) = K ( )( )
(s + 1)2 + 82 (s + 2)2 + 162

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Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prof. DeCarlo

(b)
|H(jω)|
0.025

X: 8.3 X: 15.7
Y: 0.02083 Y: 0.02083

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0 5 10 15 20
ω [rad/s]

The maximum value of ∣H( jω )∣ = 0.0208 and the frequencies at which the maximum occurs are ω = 8.3 and 15.7rad/s.
The value of K should be 1/0.0208 = 48.

(c)
|H(jω)|
1.2

X: 7.4 X: 10.15 X: 17.55

0.8 Y: 0.7043 Y: 0.7076 Y: 0.708

X: 12.8
0.6 Y: 0.707

0.4

0.2

0
0 5 10 15 20
ω [rad/s]

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Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prof. DeCarlo

%% Problem 31
num=[1 0 0];
den=conv([1 2 65],[1 4 16ˆ2+4]);
w=0:0.01:25;
h=freqs(num,den,w);
K=1/max(abs(h))
% K =
%
% 48.0000
plot(w,K*abs(h),'linewidth',[3]);
set(gca,'fontsize',[20]);grid on;
title(' ∣ H(j∖omega ) ∣'); xlabel('∖omega [rad/s]');
axis([0 20 0 1.2]);

(d)
This filter has the magnitude above 0.707 in the following frequency bands

1. 7.4 < ω < 10.15

2. 12.8 < ω < 17.55

So this filter is an approximate bandpass filter which passes the frequency range 7.4 < ω < 17.55 [rad/s].

Problem 32
(a)

(s2 + a)2 (s2 + 1)2 (s2 + a)2

( )2 =; = ( )2 = ( )2
(s + σ )2 + ω 2 (s + 0.1)2 + 1 s2 + 2σ s + (σ 2 + ω 2 )

Since the magnitude is 0 at ω = 1 rad/s, there should be a zero at that location. So, a = 1. Because there is no
local maximum point, ω = 1, right at where the zero is. The value of σ determines how narrow the notch is. If
σ is small, then it means that the pole is close to the imaginary axis. The smaller the value of σ , the narrower the
notch gets. Trying few small numbers for σ , we find σ = 1 gives the best fit.

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Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prof. DeCarlo

0.9

0.8

Magnitude Response
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Frequency in rad/s

(b)
The magnitude at ω = 2 rad/s is zero, so ωz = 2. The maximums occur at ω ≈ 4 and ω ≈ 6. So we set ω1 = 4
and ω2 = 6. The peak at ω1 has a high curvature compared to the peak at ω2 , so the σ1 should be closer to the
imaginary axis than σ2 , which means that the value of σ1 should be less than σ2 . Trying few numbers, we get

s(s2 + ωz2 ) s(s2 + 22 )

K( )( ) = 0.8732 ( )( )
(s + σ1 )2 + ω12 (s + σ2 )2 + ω22 (s + 0.3)2 + 42 (s + 0.75)2 + 62

1.2

1
Magnitude Response

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Frequency in rad/s

% part (a)

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Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prof. DeCarlo

num=conv([1 0 1],[1 0 1]);

den=conv([1 2*0.1 1+0.1ˆ2],[1 2*0.1 1+0.1ˆ2]);
w=0:0.001:3;
h=freqs(num,den,w);
figure; plot(w,abs(h),'linewidth',[3]);
set(gca,'fontsize',[20]);grid on;
ylabel('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('Frequency in rad/s');

% part (b)
wz=2; w1=4; w2=6;
sig1=0.3; sig2=0.75;
num=conv([1 0],[1 0 wz]);
den=conv([1 2*sig1 w1ˆ2+sig1ˆ2],[1 2*sig2 w2ˆ2+sig2ˆ2]);
w=0:0.001:12;
h=freqs(num,den,w);
K=1/max(abs(h))
figure; plot(w,K*abs(h),'linewidth',[3]);
set(gca,'fontsize',[20]);grid on;
ylabel('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('Frequency in rad/s');
axis([0 12 0 1.4]);

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