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ALARM (E/P)
OVER-TEMPERATURE
Thiscircuitwillproduce beepsbya piezoelectric
intermittent transducer when
the temperature risesovera preadjusted You
value. can usethis in
circuit
greenhouses, heaters,etc.TheSensoris a common silicondiodebutan NTC
canalsobe usedif youchangesomecomponents'values.
Exchanging of R1andPl withDl willcausethedeviceto operate
positions
alarm.
as an under-temperature
Theintermittentsignalis generated lGla (pins1,2and3)
bytwooscillators.
thatcontrols
is aninverter lOlc (pins8, 9 and10)
lCl b andlOlc (oscillators).
is a very-low-frequencyoscillatorthatprovides the modulation ratefor the
secondoscillator.Thesecondoscillator (pins5,6 and 4) has its frequency
determined byR2andC1.Theproduced audiotonecanbealteredbyadjust-
ingbothC1andR2withina largerangeof values.
Powercomesfroma 3- to lS-voltpowersupply" Forportableusea small9-
Currentdrainis verylow,about0.5mAwhen
voltbatteryis recommended.
thetoneis otf.Whenthetoneis on,currentdrainrisesto about5 mA.
Alarmis shownin Figurc 1. lOl, a
of the Over-Temperature
A schematic
40ggB,hastwogatesoperating and twoas butfer'inverters.
as oscillators

Components placement
on a homemade boardis shownin
printed-circuit
Figure2.Youcanmadeyourprototype PCboard.
usinga single-sided
of thepolarized
Position especially
components, diodeD1(usedas sensor),
shouldbe observed.Thissensorcanbe placedfar fromthedeviceby using
commonwiring.Youmusttakesomecareto avoidhumidity or waterfalling
ontothesensor,whichwillcauseadverselyatfectthealarmoperation.

BZ is a piezoelectric (RadioShack27g-O7g
transducer or a
or equivalent)
crystalearpiece.
is adjustedby P1.Setthispotentiometer
Operation to getsoundat the de-
To get a morepreciseadiustment
siiedtemperature. you can replacethe
commontrimmerpotentiometer potentiometer.
by a multi-turn

ltf
 Pfrfrcl25 M-Iomnnurulhm

vcc
+3Vto +15V

P1
10M

R1
100K

Figure 1

0V +Vcc +

Figure2

Getthesensorbetweenyourfingersto seehowit works:whenthetempera-

turerisessomedegreesthecircuitwillproducea serieof beeps.lsolatethe
sensor,andaftersomesecondssoundemission willstop.
ftnPniloctsfi$e mdlffibl

PartsList - Over-Temperature
Alarm
lC1 - 4093CMOSintegrated
circuit
D1 - 1N914or 1N4148generalpurpose silicondiode
;
BZ - Piezoelectric
transducer
or crystalearphone j

(RadioShack273-073
or equivalent) I
I
!

R1 - 100,000 resistor
ohm,1l4W,5olo
R2 - 33,000ohm,114W,5%
resistor
R3 - 2,200,000 resistor
ohm,114W,5%
Pl - 10,000,000
ohmtrimmerpotentiomer
Cl - 0.047uF metalfilmor ceramiccapacitor

C2 - 0.47uF metalfilmor ceramiccapacitor

Cg - 100uF,16WVDCelectrolytic
capacitor

ldeasto Explore
To learnmoreaboutthecircuitor to getbetterperformance:
o AlterbothR2 andC1 to changetonepitchor bothR3 andG2to
rate.
altermodulation
o Replace Dl witha 10,000to 100,000ohmNTC,Rl witha2,200
ohmresistor,andP1witha 100,000 ohmpotentiometer,
to 1,000,000
to geta newkindof sensor.
o Tryto adda power{ul suchas
outputaudiostageusinga transistor,
a 8D135anda smallloudspeaker.
Seeother projectsin thisbookfor
abouttheconfiguration.
suggestions

r50
 Pnfocfl
25 ow-lcmrunnnilnm

Scienceprojectsand otherapplications:
o Chemicalprocessesthat involveheatchangescan be controlled
usingthis alarm.The sensorshouldbe protectedagainstmoisture
and waterin experiments
involvingliquids.
o ReplaceD1 by an LDRor photodiode. The circuitwill operateas a
lightalarmor darkalarm,dependingupon sensorposition. Withan
LDRit wouldbe betterto replaceP1 witha 1,000,000ohm potentiom-
eter and R1 with a 10,000ohm resistor.Lensesplacedin frontof the
LDRor phototransistor can be usedto increasesensitivity.
o The circuitcan alsooperateas a water-level alarmby usinga two-
wire sensorto replaceDl. The sensoris madewith two barewires.
The wires are separatedby a distanceof about2 or 3 inches.The
watercompletesthe circuitwhilethe wiresare immersed.Whenthe
waterlevelfallsbelowthe wires,the circuitis openedandthe alarmis
triggered.
. o Temperature in greenhouses,
animalpens,incubatorsand aquari-
ums can be monitoredusingthis device.And if workingwith an LDR
as the sensor,experiments
involvinglightcan be conducted.

tut