Department of chemical engineering

Branch industrial and environmental pollution

Prepared by:
Hamza Hussein ali

Lec. Basheer Ahmed

Morning
The efficiency of industry depends upon the working conditions of the
equipment and components used in the industrial process. The biggest problems
faced by the industries are the problems of erosion and corrosion. The harmful
effects of corrosion will lead to material loss, which results from the
degradation of the equipment. The degradation of the equipment will cause the
breakdown of the plant; moreover, it is a threat to the safety of people, and also
from the point of conservation, it can cause the exploitation of available
resources. The cost of replacing equipment increases the expense, and it can
also result in the temporary shutdown of the plant. The protection of surfaces
from the adverse effects of corrosion and erosion-corrosion is a matter of great
concern in most industrial applications. Advancements in technology provides a
wide range of techniques to overcome adverse conditions. The selection of
appropriate technology must be from the viewpoint of their interaction with the
environment. This review paper addresses the adverse effects of erosion-
corrosion in the present scenario.
Number Contents
1 INTRODUCTION

2 THEORY

3 CORROSION VIEW

4 CONTROL THE
CORROSION

5 DISCUSSION

6 CONCLUSTION

7 REFERENCES
Erosion-corrosion being a major problem in engineering applications
and chemical industries damages the surface of the material due to
the solid particles impingement involved. The synergistic damage due
to electrochemical reactions (corrosion) and mechanical forces
applied by the solid particles (erosion) is more than the sum of
damages due to the individual corrosion and erosion. The rate of
electrochemical reactions for the passive materials in an aqueous
medium is very low but the presence of the solid particles in flowing
streams can either break off the passive layer or damage it partly
(Sasaki, 2007; Smitha, 2006) depending upon their velocity, impact
angle, shape and mechanical properties. After the damage of the
passive film, the depassivation of the metallic surface causes the rate
of electrochemical reactions to increase partly due to the repassivation
of the surface and partly due to the metallic dissolution (Hassel, 2007;
Burstein, 2001) . The rate of passivation will be much higher than the
rate of metallic dissolution if the potential of the material is kept within
the passivation range. The current transient peak is observed just for
a fraction of second after the impact before the repassivation
completes and the magnitude of this peak representing the erosion-
enhanced corrosion depends on the extent of depassivation of the
surface. Highly localized deformations and very short impact periods
make the impact phenomenon a very complicated problem.
This phenomenon occurs due to both the speed of a moving liquid, plus it’s own
corrosive properties. It can eat through any protective layers before going on to
damage the metal itself. Erosion corrosion is especially common in construction
areas, those locations where there are blockages, inlet ends, pump impellers, and
other areas where there are especially high rates of flow.
The are several ways in which erosion corrosion can be reduced. The most
obvious way is to reduce the turbulence by streamlining the piping. One can
also attempt to reduce the speed of the liquid, as slower liquid would cause less
turbulence as well. Using corrosion inhibitors or cathodic protection can be a
good way to protect the pipes. Reducing the amount of oxygen dissolved in the
liquid will also help reduce erosion, as well adjusting its pH value.
It might be better though to attempt to prevent erosion before installation during
manufacturing, rather than trying to reduce it afterwards. This can be done by
accounting for and using corrosion resistant materials during the design and
manufacturing stage. It’s also important to ensure that the entire piping system
has been deburred before it has been put into operation, as burrs can cause
localized turbulence. Moreover, ensure that the system has gentle rather than
sharp angles will ensure there are fewer constrictions.
The idea explored was to select a steel, a copper alloy, and a titanium alloy,
which should have good resistance to abrasive wear because of high hardness
(within their alloy classes). Then cathodic pro-tection would be used to protect
them from corrosion. The alloys studied were 4340 steel, silicon bronze, and
titanium alloy Ti-6V-4Al. Limiting conditions for cathodic protection were
derived from electro-chemical polarization measurements. From erosion-
corrosion tests, it was found that erosive wear by sand dominated the metal loss
rates of both silicon bronze and Ti-6V-4Al. For the 4340 steel, which was the
hardest material, cathodic protection provided good erosion-corrosion
resistance. Supplementary measurements showed that ductility loss due to
cathodically charged hydrogen in the 4340 steel was neg-ligible under the
experimental conditions. Generally in order to control this type of corrosion
most:
-control fluid velocity.
-using more resistant materials.
Q1/What is erosion corrosion ?
A/Erosion corrosion is a degradation of material surface due to mechanical
action, often by impinging liquid, abrasion by a slurry, particles suspended in
fast flowing liquid or gas, bubbles or droplets, cavitation, etc.

Q2/What difference between erosion & corrosion?

A/ corrosion, therefore, is a chemical-like phenomenon that modifies the nature
of the material that corrodes, changing its chemical composition. Erosion, on
the other hand, is a physical phenomenon which consists in the fact that certain
natural phenomena
Q3/Is rust a form of erosion?
A/The corrosion of metals is often referred to as rusting and it is evident in the
material itself. Erosion is a natural process that removes or carries away
materials from one place to another. ... When corrosion takes place, the material
will be transformed to another chemical compound known as rust

Q4/Can metal be eroded?

A/ The erosion of metals occurs upon the frictional rubbing of surfaces, wear,
and cavitation, as well as upon the action of strong gas or liquid currents upon a
surface, especially at high temperatures.
 Erosion-corrosion being a major problem in engineering applications and
chemical industries damages the surface of the material due to the solid particles
impingement involved.
This phenomenon occurs due to both the speed of a moving liquid, plus it’s own
corrosive properties. It can eat through any protective layers before going on to
damage the metal itself.
Generally in order to control this type of corrosion most:
-control fluid velocity.
-using more resistant material

References

1- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325787656_A_brief_review_on
_the_erosion-corrosion_behavior_of_engineering_materials
2- https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Erosion+of+Metals
3- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/erosion-corrosion
4- https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijelc/2016/1831654/
5- corrosion-doctors.org/Forms-Erosion/erosion.htm
6- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion_corrosion\