Name: RIZA AZZAM (2300020) Date: 10 September 2020 – 11 September 2020

Student Exploration: Archimedes’ Principle

Vocabulary: Archimedes’ principle, buoyant force, density, displace, mass, volume, weight

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

1. Why does a small pebble sink in water?

Karena hukum gaya apung atau yang biasa dikenal sebagai gaya Archimedes. Gaya Archimedes
berbunyi,”Gaya apung yang bekerja pada suatu benda bernilai sama dengan berat fluida yang
dipindahkan.” Karena gaya berat batu lebih besar dari gaya Archimedes air, maka batu jelas akan
tenggelam.
2. A motorboat is a lot heavier than a pebble. Why does the boat float?
Kapal laut dapat mengapung di permukaan air karena pada kapal laut terdapat rongga yang berisi
udara sehingga dapat terangkat keatas/mengapung.Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh gaya
archimedes/ gaya angkat keatas.

Gizmo Warm-up
When you place an object in liquid, the downward pull
of gravity causes it to start to sink. As the object sinks,
the liquid pushes back up on the object with a force
that opposes gravity.

In the Archimedes’ Principle Gizmo, you will see how

these forces cause objects to either sink or float.

1. Check that the Width, Length, and Height of the

boat are set to 5.0 cm. Drag one of the green 50-g
cubes into the rectangular “boat.”

What happens? 1/3 bagian perahu tenggelam (tercelup di air)

 (massa jenis cairan = 1 g /mL)

2. Add cubes until the boat sinks. What mass of cubes causes the boat to sink?
150 gram (3 kubus)

(Note: In this Gizmo, the mass of the boat itself is insignificant.)

3. Click Reset. Experiment with different boat dimensions until you create a boat that holds the
most cubes without sinking.

A. What are the boat’s dimensions? Width: 10 cm Length: 10 cm Height: 10 cm

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 B. How much mass can the boat hold without sinking? 950 gram

Get the Gizmo ready:

Activity A:
 Click Reset.
Displaced liquid  Set the Width, Length, and Height to 5.0 cm.
 Be sure the Liquid density is set to 1.0 g/mL.

Question: How does the mass of the boat relate to the amount of displaced liquid?

1. Observe: Place several of the 50-g cubes into the boat. What happens to some of the liquid

in the tank?

 Cairan yang ada di dalam tangki tumpah atau ada massa yang dipindahkan ke tabung

ukur. Semakin banyak balok yang ditaruh, semakin banyak pula volume yang tumpah.

 Kemudian, perahu tersebut tenggelam ke dasar bejana setelah diberi muatan 150

gram (3 kubus), namun masih mengapung saat diberi 2 kubus (100 gram).

The liquid that is pushed into the graduated cylinder is called displaced liquid.

2. Predict: How do you think the mass of the boat will relate to the amount of displaced liquid?

 Karena keduanya bernilai sama, maka massa dari perahu tersebut tidak lain adalah

cairan yang dipindahkan.

3. Observe: Click Reset. Drag two cubes into the boat, yielding a total mass of 100 grams.

How much water is displaced into the graduated cylinder? (Units are mL.)

Massa yang dipindahkan ke silinder ukur adalah 100 mL.

4. Experiment: Click Reset. Choose a new set of boat dimensions. Add cubes to the boat and
record the volume of displaced liquid. (If the boat sinks, try a larger set of dimensions.)
Record your findings for three boats in the table (include units). Leave the last column blank.

Width Length Height Boat mass Volume of displaced Mass of displaced

(cm) (cm) (cm) (g) liquid (mL) liquid (g)
10 10 5 400 g 400 mL 400 g

8 8 8 450 g 450 mL 450 g

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 10 10 10 800 g 800 mL 800 g

5. Calculate: Density is equal to mass per unit volume. To calculate density, divide an object’s
mass by its volume.

If the liquid’s density is 1 gram per milliliter (the density of water), the mass in grams is equal
to the volume in milliliters. Use this information to fill in the last column of your data table.

m gram m
ρ= →1 = → m=400 gram
v mL 400 mL
m gram m
ρ= → 1 = → m=450 gram
v mL 450 mL
m gram m
ρ= → 1 = → m=800 gram
v mL 800 mL

6. Draw conclusions: What is the relationship between the mass of the boat and the mass of

the displaced liquid? Massa cairan yang dipindahkan bernilai sama dengan massa beban (perahu).

Get the Gizmo ready:

Activity B:
 Click Reset.
How low does it
 Be sure the Liquid density is set to 1.0 g/mL.
go?
 Set the Height of the boat to 10.0 cm.

Introduction: In activity A, you learned that, for floating boats, the mass of the boat is equal to
the mass of displaced liquid. You can use this knowledge to predict how deep a boat will sink.

Question: How far will a boat sink in water?

1. Experiment: Turn on Magnify waterline. Experiment with several different sets of boat
dimensions and loads. In the table, record each boat’s width, length, and mass; the depth to
which it sinks, and the volume of displaced liquid. Leave the last column blank.

Boat Volume
Width Length Sinking Volume of displaced underwater
mass
(cm) (cm) depth (cm) water (mL)
(g) (cm3)
8.0 cm 9.0 cm 450 g 6.25 cm 450 mL 450 cm3
10.0 cm 10.0 cm 250 g 2.5 cm 250 mL 250 cm3
9.5 cm 3.5 cm 250 g 7.5 cm 250 mL 249.375 cm3

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2. Calculate: Label the last column in your table Volume underwater. To calculate the volume
of the boat that is underwater, multiply the width, length, and depth of the boat. Record the
underwater volume of each boat. The units of volume are cm3 and mL (1 cm3 = 1 mL).
V tercelup= panjang ×lebar ×tinggi benda tercelup=8.0 cm× 9.0 cm× 6.25 cm=450 c m3
V tercelup= panjang ×lebar ×tinggi benda tercelup=10.0 cm×10.0 cm ×2.5 cm=250 c m 3
V tercelup= panjang ×lebar ×tinggi benda tercelup=9.5 cm× 3.5 cm×7.5 cm=249.375 c m3

3. Analyze: What is the relationship between a boat’s mass, the volume of displaced water,

and the volume of the boat that is under water?

Didapatkan hubungan bahwa massa sebanding dengan volume air yang dipindahkan, kemudian massa kapal
sebanding dengan volume kapal yang tercelup .
Kemudian didapatkan hubungan bahwa volume air yang dipindahkan dan volume kapal yang tercelup dalam
fluida adalah sama besarnya.

4. Make a rule: If you know the width, length, and mass of a boat, how can you calculate how

deep it will sink in water?

m kapal =m fluida yang dipindahkan

V kapal yang tercelup=V fluida yang dipidahkan
m fluida yang dipindahkan=ρ air ×V fluida yang dipindahkan
mfluida yang dipindahkan=ρ air ×V fluida yang dipindahkan
m kapal =ρ air × pkapal × l kapal × hkapal yangtercelup
mkapal
h kapal yang tercelup =
ρ air × p kapal ×l kapal

gr
Diketahui juga bahwa: ρair =1
c m2

m kapal
Maka , h kapal yang tercelup =
pkapal ×l kapal

5. Practice: Based on what you have learned, calculate how deep each of the following boats
will sink. Use the Gizmo to check your answers.

Boat Sinking depth Sinking depth

Boat Width Length
mass (calculated) (actual)
A 8.0 cm 5.0 cm 100 g 2.5 cm 2.5 cm
B 6.0 cm 5.0 cm 150 g 5.0 cm 5.0 cm

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Activity B (continued from previous page)

7. Predict: Not all liquids have the same density as water. How do you think increasing the
density of the liquid will change each of the following?

A. How far the boat sinks into the liquid: Jawaban: Berkurang

B. The volume of displaced liquid: Jawaban: Berkurang

C. The mass of displaced liquid: Jawaban: Bertambah

8. Observe: Set the Width, Length, and Height of the boat to 5 cm. Add one cube to the boat.
Move the Liquid density slider back and forth.

What do you notice?

 Ketika massa jenis cairan digeser-geser akan terjadi perubahan bagian yang tenggelam
(tercelup) dan juga perubahan massa cairan yang dipindahkan (bagian yang tumpah).
 Semakin besar massa jenis cairan yang digunakan, maka semakin besar perahu terapung
atau hanya sedikit bagian perahu yang tenggelam serta semakin sedikit pula volume cairan
yang dipindahkan.
 Semakin kecil massa jenis cairan yang digunakan, maka semakin dalam bagian perahu yang
tenggelam serta semakin besar pula volume cairan yang dipindahkan.

9. Gather data: Measure how far the boat sinks into liquids with each density listed below.
Click Reset between each trial. Calculate the volume and mass of displaced liquid. (Note:
The mass of the displaced liquid is equal to the volume of the liquid multiplied by its density.)

Liquid Sinking Volume of displaced Mass of displaced

Boat mass
density depth (cm) liquid (mL) liquid (g)
50 g 0.5 g/mL 1 cm 100 mL 50 g
50 g 1.0 g/mL 0.5 cm 50 mL 50 g
50 g 2.0 g/mL 0.25 cm 25 mL 50 g

 Ukuran Perahu = 10 x 10 x 10 cm

10. Analyze: In the first part of this activity, you discovered that when a boat is placed in water,
the volume of displaced water is equal to the mass of the boat. What is true now?
 TIDAK SAMA

11. Summarize: If you know the length, width, and mass of the boat as well as the density of the
liquid, how would you calculate how far the boat sinks into the liquid?
Prinsip Archimedes menyatakan bahwa suatu benda memindahkan beratnya sendiri dalam
cairan. Jadi dapat dihitung berat perahu dari massanya. Kemudian perlu menghitung volume
cairan yang memiliki berat yang sama. Ini adalah volume perahu di bawah permukaan air yang
besarnya sama dengan volume zat cair yang dipindahkan. Setelah itu perlu membagi angka itu
dengan luas perahu (panjang dikalikan lebar). Itulah kedalaman tempat tenggelamnya kapal.
Secara matematis dapat ditulis:

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 m kapal =m fluida yang dipindahkan
V kapal yang tercelup=V fluida yang dipidahkan
m fluida yang dipindahkan=ρ fluida ×V fluida yang dipindahkan
mfluida yang dipindahkan=ρ fluida ×V fluida yang dipindahkan
m kapal =ρ fluida × pkapal × l kapal × hkapal yangtercelup
mkapal
h kapal yang tercelup =
ρ fluida × p kapal ×l kapal

12. Practice: A rectangular boat has a width of 5 cm, a length of 8 cm, and a mass of 150 g.
How far will the boat sink into liquid with a density of 1.2 g/mL? Check your answer.

150 g
Volume zat cair=volume perahu tercelup= =125 mL
g
( 1.2 )
mL

V =125 mL
V = p ×l ×tinggi tercelup

125 mL=8 cm× 5 cm× tinggi tercelup

tinggi tercelup=3.125 cm

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Activity C: Get the Gizmo ready:
Weight and  Click Reset, and turn off Magnify waterline.
buoyancy  Set the Width, Length, and Height to 10.0 cm.

Introduction: When a boat is placed in liquid, two forces act on the boat. Gravity pulls the boat
down with a force equal to the weight of the boat. Weight is measured in newtons (N). To
calculate the weight of a boat, multiply its mass in grams by 0.00982.

As the boat sinks into the liquid, the liquid pushes back. The force of the liquid pushing up on
the boat is called the buoyant force.

Question: How do gravity and the buoyant force affect a boat?

1. Observe: Turn on Show data. Place four cubes in the boat.

A. What is the Boat weight? 1.96 N B. What is the Buoyant force? 1.96 N

C. What is the Net force on the boat? 0.0 N

2. Analyze: Try dragging the boat up or down. Pay attention to the Buoyant force.

A. What happens to the buoyant force when the boat is pulled down?
Gaya apung naik (bernilai lebih besar) dari sebelumnya, namun akan turun lagi ketika
seluruh bagian perahu terisi air dan hendak tenggelam ke dasar.

B. Why do you think this happens?

Kalau kita dorong ke bawah, maka secara matematis dapat dituliskan:
sigma F=0
Gaya apung−Gaya berat−Gaya dorong kebawah=0
Gaya apung=Gaya berat+ Gayadorong ke bawah

Sehingga didapatkan gaya apung yang lebih besar.

C. What happens to the buoyant force when the boat is lifted up?
Gaya apung turun (bernilai lebih kecil) dari sebelumnya.

D. Why do you think this happens?

Kalau kita tarik ke atas, maka secara matematis dapat dituliskan:
sigma F=0
Gayatarik keatas+ Gayaapung−Gayaberat =0

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 Gaya apung=Gaya berat−Gayatarik keatas

Sehingga didapatkan gaya apung yang lebih kecil.

3. Explore: Answer the following questions by dragging the boat up or down in the liquid.

A. What happens to the boat when its weight is greater than the buoyant force?

Jika berat benda lebih besar dari gaya apung, maka benda akan tenggelam.

B. What happens to the boat when its weight is less than the buoyant force?

Jika berat benda lebih kecil dari gaya apung, maka benda akan di sekitar permukaan
atau mengapung

C. What happens to the boat when its weight is equal to the buoyant force?

Jika berat benda sama dengan gaya apung, maka benda tidak pada keduanya (tidak
tenggelam ke dasar maupun terapung), namun akan melayang sesuai dengan
tempatnya.

4. Observe: Click Reset. Set the Liquid density to 1.0 g/mL. Add a 50-g cube to the boat.

A. What is the weight of the boat? W =m. g=50 × 0.00982=0.49 Newton

B. What is the mass of the displaced liquid in the graduated cylinder? m=50 g

C. What is the weight of the displaced liquid? W dipindahkan =m dipindahkan × g=0.49 N (Hint: If

the mass is measured in grams, w = m • 0.00982.)

D. What is the Buoyant force on the boat? Buoyant force = 0.49 N

5. Predict: What do you think is the relationship between the buoyant force and the weight of

displaced liquid? Buoyant force memiliki besar yang sama dengan weighr of displaced liquid.

6. Collect data: As you add cubes to the boat, record the boat’s weight, the mass of displaced
liquid in the graduated cylinder, the weight of displaced liquid, and the buoyant force.

Number of Boat Mass of displaced Weight of Buoyant force

cubes weight (N) liquid (g) displaced liquid (N) (N)

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 2 0.98 N 100 g 0.98 N 0.98 N
3 1.47 N 150 g 1.47 N 1.47 N
4 1.96 N 200 g 1.96 N 1.96 N

7. Analyze: What do you notice?

Berat fluida yang dipindahkan = Besar gaya apung

8. Make a rule: Archimedes’ principle states that an object is pushed up by a buoyant force

that is equal to the weight of the displaced liquid.

9. Apply: A hollow ball weighs 40 newtons. In a water tank, it displaces 15 newtons of water.

A. What is the buoyant force on the ball? 15 Newtons

B. Will the ball float or sink? Explain your reasoning.

Bola tersebut tenggelam, karena berat bola lebih besar dari gaya apungnya.

Extension: Get the Gizmo ready:

Sinking boats  Click Reset. Check that Show data is turned off.
 Set the Width, Length, and Height to 5.0 cm.
 Be sure the Liquid density is set to 1.0 g/mL.

Question: What are the forces on a sinking boat?

1. Observe: Place three 50-g cubes into the boat. What happens?
Perahu tersebut tenggelam seluruhnya ke dasar bejana.

2. Calculate: Notice that the boat has filled up with water and sunk to the bottom. In this
model, the walls of the boat are very thin. Therefore, the volume of water displaced by the
boat is equal to the volume of water displaced by the cubes.

A. Each cube is 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm. What is the volume of each cube?

v=8 c m2 =8 mL
2 3
B. What is the total volume of cubes in the boat? v total =3 ×8 c m =24 c m =24 mL

C. If the water density is 1.0 g/mL, what is the mass of displaced water?

g
m=ρ . V → m=1.0 ×24 mL=24 g
mL

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 D. What is the weight of displaced water? (Recall w = m • 0.00982)
W dipindahkan=mdipindahkan × g=24 × 0.00982=0.23568 N

E. What is the buoyant force on the boat? 0.23568 N

F. What is the mass and weight of the boat? Mass: 150 g Weight:
W =m. g=150 × 0.00982=1.473 Newton

G. What is the net force on the boat? (Hint: Downward force is negative.)

Net force=Buoyant Force−Weight of theboat

Net force=0.23568 N −1.473 N
Net force=−1.23732 N

Turn on Show data to check your answers to parts E, F, and G. Recheck your calculations if
necessary.

3. Apply: A valuable statuette from a Greek shipwreck lies at the bottom of the
Mediterranean Sea. The statuette has a mass of 10,566 g and a volume of 4,064 cm3. The
density of seawater is 1.03 g/mL.

m
A. What is the weight of the statuette? W =m. g=10.566 kg ×9.82 =103.75 Newton
s2

B. What is the mass of displaced water?

m g m
ρ= → 1.03 = →m=1.03 × 4,064 → m=4,185.92 g ≈ 4.186 kg
V mL 4,064 c m 2

C. What is the weight of displaced water?

m
W dipindahkan=mdipindahkan × g=4.186 kg × 9.82 =41.1 Newton
s2

D. What is the buoyant force on the statuette? Gaya apung bernilai sama dengan berat
benda yang dipindahkan, yakni sekitar 41.1 Newton

What is the net force on the statuette?

Net force=Buoyant Force−Weight of the statuette
Net force=41.1 Newton−103.75 Newton
Net force=−62.65 Newton

E. How much force would be required to lift the statuette? 62.65 Newton

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Practicum Documentation:

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