PHILIPPINE HISTORY

● 1380 - Muslim Arabs arrived at the Sulu Archipelago.

● 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan "discovers" the islands and names them: Archipelago
of San Lazaro.
● 1542 - Spanish expedition commandeered by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos claims the
islands for Spain; names them "Philippines" after Prince Philip, later King Philip II of
Spain; the Philippines becomes part of Spanish Empire.
● 1872 - Gomburza (Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora)
were executed by the Spaniards.
● 1892 - Jose Rizal founded the civic organization La Liga Filipina.
● 1896 - Katipuneros tear their cedulas & shout in contempt of the Spaniards in
what is called the Cry of Pugadlawin.
● 1897 - General Emilio Aguinaldo establishes the a new republic at Biak-na-Bato in
Bulacan.
● 1886 - José Rizal publishes anti-Spanish novel, Noli Me Tangere (The Lost Eden);
and seers up independence sentiment.
● 1896 - Spanish execute Rizal for instigating insurrection; public outrage spawns
rebellion.
● 1898 - American warship Maine was blown up in Havana harbour, triggers the the
Spanish-American war, the battle of Manila Bay ensues.
● 1898 - Emilio Aguinaldo assembled the Malolos Congress in Bulacan, then
declares independence in Kawit, Cavite
● 1899 - Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-American War, cedes Philippines to U.S. after
payment to Spain by U.S. of $ 20 million. Emilio Aguinaldo declares independence
then leads a guerrilla war against U.S.
● 1901 - U.S. captures Aguinaldo; William Howard Taft arrives as first U.S.
governor of Philippines.
● 1902 - Insurrection ends; Taft improves economic conditions, settles disputes
over church ownership of land, establishes "Pensionado" program, allowing Filipinos
to study in U.S., which helped modernize and westernize the country.
● 1916 - U.S. congress passes the Jones Law establishing elected Filipino legislature
with house and senate.
● 1934 - U.S. congress approves the Tydings-McDuffie Law promising Philippine
independence by 1946; transition to independence begins.
● 1935 - Filipino people approve constitution creating the Philippine Commonwealth
with Manuel Quezon y Molina as president.
● 1941 - Japanese invades the Philippines, and defeats Gen. Douglas MacArthur at
Bataan and Corregidor; Quezon establishes government in exile in the U.S.
● 1944 - Quezon dies in exile; Vice President Sergio Osmeña assumes the
presidency; MacArthur returns to the Philippines and lands in Leyte with little
resistance.
● 1945 - Gen. MacArthur liberates Manila and President Osmeña establishes
government.
● 1946 - The U.S. gave the Philippines independence and Manuel Roxas y Acuña is
elected as the first president of the new republic.
● 1965 - Ferdinand E. Marcos is elected by a big majority as president.
● 1972 - Martial Law was declared by President Marcos. This period is marked with
human rights abuses and corruption.
● 1981 - Marcos lifts Martial Law.
● 1983 - Opposition leader Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino returns from exile and is
assassinated on arrival at Manila International Airport; Aquino's widow Corazon
leads the "People Power" protest movement.
● 1986 - Marcos was officially declared winner in a presidential election beating
Corazon Aquino amid charges of fraud; demonstrations erupt; Marcos flees to
Hawaii; Aquino is declared president and forms a new government.
● 1992 - Endorsed by Aquino, her Secretary of Defense Gen. Fidel Ramos wins
presidential election. U.S. Philippine congress rejects a new treaty with the U.S. and
Subic Bay naval base and Clark Air Field returns to Philippine government, ending
American military presence in the Philippines.
● 1996 - The government of Ramos agrees to greater autonomy for southern island
of Mindanao. Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) ends the guerrilla war with the
government.
● 1997 - Asian financial crisis grips Asia and the Philippines escapes the crisis
despite series of currency devaluations.
● 1998 - Former movie actor Joseph Estrada is elected president.
● 2000 - On charges of corruption, the lower house impeach Estrada.
● 2001 - Estrada was forced to step down due to public outrage over corruption
allegations. Vice President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo assumes the presidency.
● 2004 - Presidential election takes place. Arroyo's closest rival (a dear friend of Ex-
President Estrada) is film actor Fernando Poe, Jr. Arroyo narrowly defeats Poe,
taking 39.5% of the vote to Poe's 36.6%.
● 2005 - A taped conversation between President Arroyo & an election official
surfaced during the 2004 elections implying she influenced the official election
results. Calls for her resignation and demonstrations followed soon after. In
September 2005, Congress voted down the filing of an impeachment against
Arroyo.
● 2007 - Former President Joseph Estrada is convicted of plunder, the first ever in
the history of the Philippines.
● 2010 - First automated national elections in the Philippines.
● 2010 - Benigno "Noynoy" Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III wins the Presidential
elections and sworn in at Manila's Rizal Park on June 30, 2010.
● 2016 - Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte, the former Mayor of Davao City assumes the
Presidency. He is the first president to come from Mindanao.

Administration of Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016–present)

Rodrigo Duterte, current President of the Philippines.
Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte of PDP–Laban won the 2016 presidential
election, garnering 39.01% or 16,601,997 of the total votes, becoming the first
Mindanaoan to become president. On the other hand, Camarines Sur 3rd District
representative Leni Robredo won with the second narrowest margin in history,
against Senator Bongbong Marcos.[220] On 30 May, the Congress had proclaimed
Rodrigo Duterte, despite his absence, as president-elect and Leni Robredo as vice
president-elect.[221] On July 12, 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled in
favor of the Philippines in its case against China's claims in the South China
Sea.[222] Duterte's presidency began following his inauguration on June 30, 2016
at the Rizal Ceremonial Hall of the Malacañang Palace in Manila, which was
attended by more than 627 guests.[223] On August 1, 2016, the Duterte
administration launched a 24-hour complaint office accessible to the public through
a nationwide hotline, 8888, and changed the nationwide emergency telephone
number from 117 to 911.[224][225] After winning the Presidency, Duterte
launched an intensified anti-drug campaign to fulfill a campaign promise of wiping
out criminality in six months.[226] By March 2017, the death toll for the Philippine
Drug War passed 8,000 people, with 2,679 killed in legitimate police operations and
the rest the government claims to be homicide cases.[227][228][229] On
November 8, 2016, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled in favor of the burial
of the late president Ferdinand Marcos in the Libingan ng Mga Bayani, the country's
official cemetery for heroes, provoking protests from thousands of millennials,
Marcos-regime human rights victims, and relatives of people who were tortured,
killed, or were still missing due to martial rule. The burial of the late president was
a campaign promise of President Rodrigo Duterte, who was supported by voters in
Ilocos Norte, the home province of Marcos.[230] In November 18, 2016, the
remains of Ferdinand Marcos was secretly buried by the Philippine National Police,
Armed Forces of the Philippines, and the family and friends of Ferdinand Marcos,
despite the Supreme Court order being non-executory due to protocol. Later in the
afternoon, the event was made public.[231] On May 23, 2017, President Rodrigo
Duterte signed Proclamation No. 216 declaring a 60-day martial law in Mindanao
following clashes between government forces and the Maute group in Marawi.

Here’s the Complete Line-up of Pres. Rody Duterte’s Cabinet:

Cabinet Secretary – Leoncio “Jun” Evasco
Executive Secretary – Salvador Medialdea
Presidential Communications Operations Office Secretary – Martin Andanar
Presidential Spokesperson – Ernesto Abella
National Security Adviser – Hermogenes Esperon Jr.
Secretary of Agrarian Reform – Rafael V. Mariano
Secretary of Agriculture – Emmanuel “Manny” Piñol
Secretary of Budget and Management – Benjamin Diokno
Secretary of Education – Leonor Briones
Secretary of Energy – Alfonso Cusi
Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources – Regina “Gina” Lopez
Secretary of Finance – Carlos “Sonny” Dominguez III
Secretary of Foreign Affairs – Perfecto R. Yasay, Jr.
Secretary of Health – Paulyn Jean Rosell Ubial
Secretary of Information and Communications Technology – Rodolfo Salalima
Secretary of the Interior and Local Government – Ismael Sueño
Secretary of Justice – Vitaliano Aguirre II
Secretary of Labor and Employment – Silvestre “Bebot” Bello III
Secretary of National Defense – Delfin Lorenzana
Secretary of Public Works and Highways – Mark Villar
Secretary of Science and Technology – Fortunato de la Peña
Secretary of Social Welfare and Development – Judy Taguiwalo
Secretary of Tourism – Wanda Corazon Teo
Secretary of Trade and Industry – Ramon Lopez
Secretary of Transportation and Communications – Arthur Tugade
Presidential Assistant for the Visayas – Michael Diño
Special Assistant to the President/Presidential Management Staff chief –
Christopher “Bong” Go

FIRST REPUBLIC (Revolutionary government/The Philippines was still

under Spanish rule)
(1899-1901) President: Emilio F. Aguinaldo
(1897?) Vice-President: Mariano C. Trias (elected VP during the Tejeros assembly)

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (American Period)

(1935-1944) President Manuel L. Quezon (Died in exile in the U.S.)
(1936-1944) Vice-President: Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr.
(1944-1946) President: Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr. (Assumed the presidency upon the
death of Quezon while the Philippine Commonwealth government is in exile in the
U.S.)

SECOND REPUBLIC (Japanese Occupation)

(1943-1945) President: Jose P. Laurel
(1943-1945) Vice-Presidents: Benigno Aquino, Sr. and Ramon Avancena

THIRD REPUBLIC
(1946-1948) President: Manuel L. Roxas (Died of a heart attack)
(1946-1948) Vice-President: Elpidio R. Quirino
(1948-1953) President: Elpidio R. Quirino (Assumed the remaining term & re-
elected)
(1949-1953) Vice-President: Fernando H. Lopez
(1953-1957) President: Ramon F. Magsaysay
(Magsaysay died in an airplane crash on March 16, 1957 on Mt. Manunggal in Cebu)
(1953-1957) Vice-President: Carlos P. Garcia
(1957-1961) President: Carlos P. Garcia (Assumed the remaining term and re-
elected)
(1957-1961) Vice-President: Diosdado P. Macapagal
(1961-1965) President: Diosdado P. Macapagal
(1961-1965) Vice-President: Emmanuel N. Pelaez
(1965-1972) President: Ferdinand E. Marcos (the first to win 2 presidential terms)
(1965-1972) Vice-President: Fernando H. Lopez

FOURTH REPUBLIC (Martial Law, "The New Republic" & Parliamentary

Government)
(1972-1986) President: Ferdinand E. Marcos (unseated by the People Power
Revolution)
(Marcos died in exile in Hawaii on September 28, 1989 of Lupus complications)
(1981-1986) Prime Minister Cesar E. A. Virata
(1986) Vice-President: Arturo M. Tolentino (proclaimed but did not serve due to the
revolt)

FIFTH REPUBLIC (Under the new "People Power" Constitution)

(1986-1992) President: Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino

(1986-1992) Vice-President: Salvador H. Laurel
(1992-1998) President Fidel V. Ramos
(1992-1998) Vice-President: Joseph Ejercito Estrada
(1998-2001) President: Joseph Ejercito Estrada (Deposed by "People Power")
(1998-2001) Vice-President: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

(2001-2010) President: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (Assumed Estrada's remaining

term & re-elected)
(2001-2004) Vice-President: Teofisto T. Guingona (1st term of Arroyo)
(2004-2010) Vice-President: Manuel "Noli" Leuterio de Castro (2nd term of Arroyo)
(2010-2016) President: Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco Aquino III
(2010-2016) Vice-President: Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan Binay
(2016-Present) President: Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte a.k.a. Digong
(2016-Present) Vice-President: Maria Leonor "Leni" Santo Tomas Gerona-Robredo

TOP OFFICES OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

The Office of the President
The Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Senate of the Philippines
The House of Representatives

CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
Civil Service Commission
Commission on Audit (COA)
Commission on Elections (COMELEC)

DEPARTMENTS
Department of Agriculture (DA),
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR),
Department of Budget and Management (DBM),
Department of Education (DepEd),
Department of Energy (DOE),
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR),
Department of Finance (DOF)
Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) ,
Department of Health (DOH) ,
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
Department of Justice (DOJ) ,
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) ,
Department of National Defense (DND) ,
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) ,
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
Department of Tourism (DOT) ,
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) ,
Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC)

MILITARY
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) ,
Philippine Air Force (PAF) ,
Philippine Army (PA) ,
Philippine Navy (PN) ,

OTHER AGENCIES
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP),
Career Executive Service Board (CESB) ,
Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP)
Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) ,
Government Service Insurance System (GSIS),
Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) ,
National Computer Center (NCC) ,
National Council on Disability Affairs (NCDA),
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
National Food Authority (NFA) ,
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA),
National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) ,
National Statistics Office (NSO) ,
National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) ,
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA)
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth),
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) ,
Social Security System (SSS) ,
National Labor Resource Commission (NLRC)
Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)