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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are thankful and deeply indebted to, Mr. Ch. Srinivasa Rao, Sr.
Divisional Signal & Telecom Engineer, Visakhapatnam & Mr. Gopal Krishna, SENIOR
SECTION ENGINEER (SSE/T) at The Railway Communications and Telecom Cables
Division, Marripalem, Visakhapatnam who have shown keen interest and considerable
patience and extended their valuable help during project period.
We also thanks, Mr. K. Pavan Kumar, Associate Professor, who has taken time,
interest and efforts to guide us at stages of the preparation of this report up to date.
Finally we would like to thank our well wishers and friends for their cooperation to
complete this project.
ii
ABSTRACT
M odern signaling is vital for safe and punctual movements of trains. In the Indian
Railways the Signaling and Telecommunication Department is responsible for
providing modern, efficient and reliable signaling systems as well as telecommunication
systems. In keeping with this, the Corporate Safety Plan (20032013) of the Railways
lays down policy, provision of new technology, asset up gradation and renewal,
maintenance, inspection and human resource development for Signaling and
Telecommunication Wing.
In electrified as well as non-electrified section of Indian Railways, on
important routes, OFC cable as well as six quad jelly filled cables are being laid but on
non- important routes only quad cables are being laid. Wherever OFC and quad cables are
being laid, control communication is provided on OFC with normal arrangements by
providing S T M -1 a n d P.D.MUX e q u i p m e n t a t e v e r y s t a t i o n . Block circuits,
emergency sockets and level crossings gate communication are provided on quad cable.
Wherever OFC cable is not being laid and only quad cable is being laid, control as well as
block communication are being provided on the quad cable itself.
Earlier cable containing paper as well as polythene insulated copper quads were
used. Such type of cable is now obsolete but is still in use where old installation exists.
Now cable containing only polythene insulated quads is used.
An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers. The optical
fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a
protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed.
This project provides the insight into the basic requirements of any underground cable
to survive the expected life period and needs. The project also deals extensively with the
different types of cables in use in telecommunication networks and the parameters offered for
various utilities.
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LIST OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………..i
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………..ii
LIST OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………….iii
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………..vi
3.6.4 Specification…………………………………………………....….22
3.6.5 Construction…………………………………………………….….22
CHAPTER 4: FLEXIMUX……………………………….……………………………....24
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………….......vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.4b 2/4 Wire Portable Emergency Control Telephone (Inside View)……………....21
BIBILOGRAPHY
• High Speed Signal Propagation: Advanced Black Magic by Howard W. Johnson and
Martin Graham
• http://www.relemaccables.com/
• http://www.cablemasterinc.com/