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1
Line-Line and Phase Phasor diagram relating phase
relationship and line voltages
■ Thus, the line to line voltage has a
V cn V ab = V an -V bn
magnitude equal to √3 times the V ca = V cn -V an
magnitude of the phase voltage and it
V an
leads the corresponding phase voltage by
30o
■ VL=√√3 Vp∠30o
■ It can be observed that the line currents are V bn
identical to the corresponding phase currents. V bc = V bn -V cn
■ IL=Ip
Ibc
-I ca
V bc Ia
2
Power in a Balanced Three
Delta Connected Load
Phase System
■ Line currents: Ia= Iab-Ica= √3Iab∠ ∠-30o= √3I∠∠(- θ -30o) ■ The total average power absorbed by a three phase
■ Ib= Ibc-Iab= √3Ibc∠ ∠-30o= √3I∠ ∠(- θ -150o) balanced load or delivered by a three phase generator,
■ Ic= Ica-Ibc= √3Ica∠∠-30o= √3I∠ ∠(- θ -270o) is equal to the sum of the powers in each phase. The
voltage and currents in each phase are equal.
■ It may be concluded that line to line voltages are
identical to the phase voltages for delta connected loads ■ Vp=Van=Vbn=Vcn, Ip=Ian=Ibn=Icn,
VL= VP ■ Therefore the total three-phase power is PT=3Pp= 3Vp
■ Delta connected load may be transformed into an Ip cosθθp, where θp is the phase angle between the
equivalent Wye connected load so that the terminal voltage and the current.
behaviour of the two configurations will be identical. ■ Similarly: Total reactive power is QT=3Qp= 3Vp Ip
That is corresponding line to line voltages and line θp
sinθ
currents will be the same. ■ Total apparent power = 3Vp Ip
■ For balanced load: ZY=(Z∆)/3
Instantaneous Power in
Three Phase Power Measurement
Balanced Three Phase System
■ pT=3[Vm Im cos(θ θP) ]/2+ Vm Im [cos(2ω
ωt-θ θP) V cb
c W2 V bn
3
Three Phase Power Three Phase Power
Measurement Measurement
■ Two wattmeters can be used to measure total ■ Difference of the two readings is W2 -W1
power.
=VL IL[cos(30o-θθ) - cos(30o+θθ)]=VL IL
■ The wattmeters reading can be given as: W1=
VabIa cos∠∠(VabIa) = VL IL cos(30o+θθ)
θ, which is (1/ √3) times the total three-
sinθ
■ W2= VcbIc cos∠ ∠(VcbIc) = VL IL cos(30o-θ
θ) phase reactive power.
■ The sum of the two wattmeter readings gives ■ Thus QT= √3(W2 -W1 )
the total three-phase power. ■ The power factor angle can be found
■ PT=W1 +W2 =VL IL[cos(30o+θ θ)+ cos(30o-θθ)] from θ = tan -1 (QT / PT )
■ PT=√√3VL IL cosθθ
■ θ= tan {[√
-1 √3(W2 -W1)]/[(W2 +W1 )]}