Project Spreadsheets to EC2 The Concrete Centre

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Grid line 1 rmw 14-Sep-20 134
RETAINING WALL design to BS EN 1997 and BS EN 1992 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from TCC62.xls v4.0 on CD © 2008 - 2020 TCC chg - R68

IDEALISED STRUCTURE and FORCE DIAGRAM

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
fck = 32 MPa
fyk = 500 MPa
steel class A
first cracking at 3 days
Cement type R
γc = 1.5
γs = 1.15

DIMENSIONS (mm)
hb = 3250 bn = 600 COVERS (mm), stem 60
hn = 800 bh = 1300 (to main bars) Base 85
hp = 1050 ts = 300 Including Δc,dev = 10
hg = 300 tb = 275
B= 2200 tn = 300 Max crack width, Wk = 0.3
bt = 600 β= 8°Concrete density, kN/m3 = 25

APPLIED LOADING
Surcharge (kPa) qk = 10 Overburden pressure
Compaction design force (kN) Pk = 15.4 above toe (kPa) q0 = 48.15
Wall Geometry
CHARACTERISTIC SOIL PROPERTIES
Retained material Foundation soil
Density, kN/m³ γk = 18 γk,f = 20
Angle of shearing resistance, ° φ'k = 30 φ' kf
= 35 DESIGN STATUS
Undrained cohesive strength, kN/m² Cuk = 0 Cuk,f = 60 VALID DESIGN

∙
CHARACTERISTIC VERTICAL ACTIONS
Force LeverMoment
arm about toe sliding
Wk, (kN) L, (mm) (kNm) toppling
Wall stem 22.31 750 16.7 bearing
Wall base 15.13 1100 16.6
stem L/d
Retained material 69.62 1550 107.9
Material in slope 2.14 1766.667 3.8 base shear

TOTAL 109.19 145.1 key shear

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 125%

DESIGN PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS USEAGE CHART

Combination 1 Combination 2
Shearing resistance angle φ'd 0.524 0.433 atan[tan(φ'k/γφ)]
φ'df 0.611 0.511 atan[tan(φ'kf/γφ)]
bh/tan(45-φ'd/2) 0.656 0.592
ψ 0.140 0.140
Active pressure factor Kad 0.343 0.425 see equation on 'Refs' page
UnfavourableFavourableUnfavourableFavourable
Active thrust (kN/m) Pad 66.86 36.42 64.03 45.07 Kad(γC∙γk∙h²/2 + γQ∙qk∙h)
rained cohesion (kN/m²) Cud,f 60.00 42.86 Cuk,f/γCu
action line load (kN/m) Pd 23.1 20.0 γQ∙Pk
Passive resistance factor Kpd 3.690 2.912 see equations on 'Refs' page
Passive force (kN/m) HRp 54.92 32.10 Kpd∙γC∙γk∙hp²
(Top 325 mm of hg ignored)
ASSUMPTIONS
a) Wall friction is zero b) Adequate drainage system behind wall. c) Granular backfill
d) Does not include check of rotational slide/slope failure e) Deflection check does not include effects of any base rotation.
f) This design is not intended for wall stems taller than 3 m. g) Checks for temperature/shrinkage effects not included.
 Project Spreadsheets to EC2 The Concrete Centre
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page
Location Grid line 1 rmw 14-Sep-20 135
RETAINING WALL design to BS EN 1997 and BS EN 1992 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from TCC62.xls v4.0 on CD © 2008 - 2020 chg - R68

SLIDING
Combination 1 Combination 2
UnfavourableFavourableUnfavourableFavourable
Horizontal thrust (kN) HEd 66.2 36.1 63.4 44.6 Pad∙cosψ
Undrained resistance (kN) HRd 132.0 67.3 cud,f∙B/γcu
Passive resistance (kN) HRp 40.7 32.1 Kpd∙γC∙γk∙hp²
Vertical action (kN) Vd 147.4 109.2 109.2 109.2 ∑γG∙Wk
Drained resistance (kN) H'Rd 109.8 81.4 65.1 65.1 Vd∙tanφ'df∙[1+(Δt0/B)²]½
HEd/H'Rd 60.28% 44.34% 97.43% 68.57%

TOPPLING about toe 0.6028

Combination 1 Combination 2
UnfavourableFavourableUnfavourableFavourable
Destabilising M (kNm) MEd 75.8 41.3 72.6 51.1 HEd∙h/3
Stabilising M, Stem Ms 22.6 16.7 16.7 16.7 γGinf∙Ws∙Ls
Base Mb 22.5 16.6 16.6 16.6 γGinf∙Wb∙Lb
Backfill Mf 150.8 111.7 111.7 111.7 γG∙Wf∙Lf
Active thrust Md,vp 20.5 11.2 19.6 13.8 Pad∙B∙sinβ
Resisting M MRd 216.3 156.2 164.7 158.9
MEd/MRd 35.03% 26.42% 44.07% 32.15%

BEARING
Combination 1 Combination 2
UnfavourableFavourableUnfavourableFavourable
Vd plus thrust component Vdx 156.7 114.3 118.1 115.5 Vd + Pad∙sinβ
Resultant from toe (mm) 896.8 1005.9 779.8 933.5 (MRd - MEd)/Vdx
Eccentricity (mm) e 203.2 94.1 320.2 166.5
Effective width (m) B' 1.794 2.012 1.560 1.867 B - 2e
Bearing stress (kN/m²) qEd 82.2 54.3 70.0 58.5 Vd/B'
ic 0.810 0.919 0.613 0.832 ½[1 + {1 - (Pad∙cosβ)/(B'∙Cud,f)}½]
rained bearing resistance qRd 298.1 331.6 183.3 231.6 Cud,f∙Nc∙ic + q0
Nγ 20.09 8.71 2(Nq - 1)∙tanφ'
Nq 18.40 10.43 eπtanφ'∙tan²(45 - φ'/2)
iq 0.334 0.468 0.214 0.376 [1 - (Pad∙cosβ)/Vdx]²
rained bearing resistance q'Rd 330.9 480.9 114.6 208.1 q'0∙Nq∙iq + (γd,f - γw)∙B'∙Nγ∙iγ/2
qEd/q'Rd 27.57% 16.37% 61.10% 28.10%
 Project Spreadsheets to EC2 The Concrete Centre
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page
Location Grid line 1 rmw 14-Sep-20 136
RETAINING WALL design to BS EN 1997 and BS EN 1992 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from TCC62.xls v4.0 on CD © 2008 - 2020 chg - R68

WALL STEM DESIGN

with normal pressures, ULS Combination 1 Combination 2
UnfavourableFavourableUnfavourableFavourable
Active thrust (kN/m) Pad 57.88 30.82 55.58 38.14 Kad(γC∙γk∙h²/2 + γQ∙qk∙h)
Shear at base (kN/m) VEd 57.32 30.52 55.04 37.77 Pad∙cosψ
Moment at base (kNm/m) MEd 60.33 32.13 57.94 39.75 VEd∙h/3

with compaction pressures, ULS Combination 1

Kad 0.343 see 'Refs' page
2
Kpd 2.855 see 'Refs' page
Depth to point J (m) Zj 0.310 Kad[2Pd/(π∙γk)]½
Depth to point K (m) Zk 2.581 Kpd[2Pd/(π∙γk)]½
Stress from J to K (kPa) σhd,J 16.27 (2Pd∙γk/π)½
Stress at point D (kPa) σhd,D 24.83 Kad∙γk∙Zd 3
σqd Kad∙qk∙γQ 3
Surcharge pressure (kPa) 5.15
Shear at base (kN/m) VEd 47.56 52.26 STEM PRESSURE DIAGRAM
Moment at base (kNm/m) MEd 64.97 59.43

SLS d = ### K = 0.0368 z = ###

Active thrust (kN/m) Pad 41.67 As = 669 mm² ρ = 0.0028
Horizontal thrust (kN/m) HEd 41.26 on back face, PROVIDE H10 @ 100
Service M (kNm) M 43.43 Asprov = 785 mm² ρprov = 0.334% σs = ###
Smax = ### L/d = 12.660 ax L/d = 18.606
vEd = ### vRd = 0.528 .
BASE DESIGN
with compaction pressures Combination 1
Vertical action (kN/m) Vd 170.5 ∑γG∙Wk
Destabilising M (kNm/m) MEd 78.3
Resisting M MRd 228.2 ∑(γG∙Ws∙L)
Resultant from toe (mm) 879.1 (MRd - MEd)/Vd
Effective width (m) B' 1.758 B - 2e
Bearing stress (kPa) qEd 97.0 Vd/B'

TOE SIDE Critical qEd = 97.0 kPa Critical B' = 1.758 m VEd = 54.1 kN MEd = 16.2 kNm
d = ### z = ### As = 211 mm²
on lower face, PROVIDE H8 @ 175
As,prov = 287 mm² ρprov = 0.15% σs = ### Smax = ###
vEd = ### vRd = ### .
HEEL SIDE Bearing qEd = 82.2 kPa B' = 1.794 m VEd = 52.2 kN MEd = 49.5 kNm
d = ### z = ### As = 648 mm²
on upper face, PROVIDE H10 @ 100
As,prov = 785 mm² ρprov = 0.42% σs = ### Smax = ###
vEd = ### vRd = ###
SHEAR KEY VEd = 31.9 kN MEd = 17.0 kNm
d = ### z = ### As = 195 mm²
on outer face, PROVIDE H8 @ 200
As,prov = 251 mm² ρprov = 0.12% σs = ### Smax = ###
vEd = ### vRd = ### .
CHECKS Shear M/bd2fck spacing %As
Stem ok ok ok ok

Toe ok ok ok ok

Heel ok ok ok ok

Shear key ok ok ok ok

DISTRIBUTION STEEL
Thickness Required PROVIDE As prov
Approximate weight of
Stem 300 391 H12 @ 275 411 reinforcement
Base 275 358 H12 @ 300 377 106.7 kg/m
Shear key 300 391 H12 @ 275 411
mm mm2 mm2
Project Spreadsheets to EC2 The Concrete Centre
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page
Location Grid line 1 rmw 14-Sep-20 137
RETAINING WALL design to BS EN 1997 and BS EN 1992 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from TCC62.xls v4.0 on CD © 2008 - 2020 chg - R68

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF REINFORCEMENT

No. Type Dia Length Unit Wt Weight

`
STEM VERTICAL - External face 4 H 12 2975 0.888 10.6
VERTICAL - Internal face 10 H 10 2925 0.617 18.0
TRANSVERSE (Ext & Int) 24 H 12 1100 0.888 23.4

BASE TOP (main) 10 H 10 2250 0.617 13.9

BOTTOM (main) 6 H 8 2250 0.395 5.3
TRANSVERSE ( T & B ) 16 H 12 1100 0.888 15.6
WALL STARTERS (Ext) 4 H 12 825 0.888 2.9
WALL STARTERS (Int) 10 H 10 700 0.617 4.3

SHEAR KEY
INTERNAL FACE (main) 4 H 12 1275 0.888 4.5
EXTERNAL FACE (main) 5 H 8 1125 0.395 2.2
TRANSVERSE (Ext & Int) 6 H 12 1100 0.888 5.9

SUMMARY Approx total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg) 106.7
National Annex values
Typical compaction equipment TABLE A ψ0 ψ1 ψ2
Centrifu
EC2 Ref Function Value A 0.7 0.5 0.3
Description of gal Design
γc Mass
Table 2.2 1.5 concrete compaction vibrator force B 0.7 0.5 0.3
(kg)
equipment force (kN)
Table 2.2 γs 1.15 steel C 0.7 0.7 0.6
(kN)
3.1.6 (1)P αcc 0.85 strength factor - flexure 80 kg vibrating plate D 0.7 0.7 0.6
80 14 14.3
3.1.6 (1)P αcc 1.00 strength factor - shear compactor E 1 0.9 0.8
6.2.2 (1) CRd,c 0.18 basic shear stress 180 kg vibrating F 0.7 0.7 0.6
180 80 81.8
-=- vmin 0.035 x k3/2fck1/2 plate compactor G 0.7 0.5 0.3
6.2.3(3) αcw 1 for VRdmax 350 kg pedestrian H 0.5 0.2 0
operated vibrating 350 12 15.4
7.2(5) k3 1 max steel stress roller J 0 0 0
8.2(2) k1 1 min bar spacing 670 kg vibrating
670 96 102.6
-=- k2 5 -=- plate compactor TABLE 7.4N
9.2.1.1 (1) Equn (9.1N) 0.26 min steel 1.5t pedestrian 0 0
operated vibrating 1530 58 73
-=- Equn (9.1N) 0.0013 -=- roller 1 1
9.2.1.1(3) As/Ac max 0.04 max steel 2.8t smooth wheeled 2800 N/A 27.5 2 1.3
9.2.2(5) rw,min 0.08 x fck1/2/fyk 2.8t double vibrating 6900 118 185.7 3 1.5
9.2.2(6) St,max 0.75 xd 8.6t smooth wheeled 8600 N/A 84.4 4 1.2
5 0.4
General equations Max 310/σs 1.5
2 2
cos β−√ sin ϕ' df −sin β
K ad =
[ cos β+ √sin 2 ϕ' df −sin 2 β ] cos β EC7 factors
γG
Actions
γG,fav γQ γφ
Materials
γC γCu γγ
Combination 1 1.35 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
cos β+√ sin2 ϕ'df −sin2 β
K pd =
[
cos β−√ sin2 ϕ' df −sin2 β ] cos β Combination 2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.25 1.25 1.4 1.0
 Notes

Disclaimer
All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or The
Concrete Centre is intended for those who will evaluate the significance and
limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application.
No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such
advice or information is accepted by the BCA, TCC or their subcontractors,
suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all TCC software and
publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore
ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying

publication 'User Guide RC Spreadsheets: v3' available from The Concrete
Bookshop, www.concretebookshop.com, Tel +44 (0)700 4 607777 or +44
(0)1276 607140

Status of spreads This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be

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Revision history TCC62 Retaining Wall

Date Version Action Size (kB)
23-Jul-10 TCC62 4.0 Updated to 22 July comments. Rebadged. 712
### TCC62 β3 Updated to revised UK National Annex 629
28-Jul-08 TCC62 β2 Updates to CHG comments of 12/6/08 and 2/7/08. 602
### TCC62 β1 First βeta version for comment. 714

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 Notes

Size (kB)

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