General RF Training

6th August, 2010

Md. Shah Alam

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GSM900 890~915MHz 935~960MHz 25MHz

EGSM900 880~890MHz
880 890MHz 925~935MHz
925 935MHz 10MHz

GSM1800 1710-1785MHz 1805-1880MHz 75MHz

GSM1900 1850~1910MHz
1850 1910MHz 1930~1990MHz
1930 1990MHz 60MHz

Frequency Interval : 200 KHz

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Steps:

Flowchart:

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Criterion
p y requirements
• Capacity q
• Coverage requirements
• Link Budget

Contains
• Explanation, description and specification of Parameters and Equipment.
• Nominal site location with specific search area per site
• Use of friendly sites
• C ll site
Cell i configuration
fi i
• Propagation model description
• Number of carriers
• Initial Frequency plan
• N i l Antenna
Nominal A h i h
height
• Engineering tolerances
• Coverage prediction plots for the total area

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Tools:
Asset, Planet EV, TCP, Atoll etc.

Simulation:

JAN424 Ncell ‐ ZTE Zone

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Omni directional cell
Omni-directional
O
Adopt Omni-directional antenna，
the overall directional propagation
characteristic is the same.

Directional cell

In general, cell with multi-sector is in

common use. Every directional cell
adopts directional antenna.

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Cells may be grouped in to:
• Macro cells
• Mi
Micro cells
ll
• Pico cells
• Nano cells

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Clearance (antenna clearance)
• The 1st Fresnel zone must be clear (no immediate obstacle within approximately
150 meters
Power Supply
• Mains power supply is required for BTS to operate
Transmission Links
• To connect with other sites in the network.
• Could be copper/ coaxial cable, fiber link, VSAT link or point-to-point
microwave
i link
li k

Space for BTS cabins
• There should be sufficient space for present requirements and future expansions

Antenna mounting
• Possibility of mounting the antennas on the wall or other structures including
towers or monopoles

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Urban Area: Rural Area:

Hilly Area: Highway:

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Reflection
• Phase changes occur in the reflected wave

Scattering
• Signal is scattered in several directions by the
rough surface

Diffraction
• The signal is diffracted & spread due to the
edges of the obstruction

Attenuation
• The signal is progressively attenuated as it
passes through the obstruction

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Height Antenna Type
• Coverage area • Coverage Type
• Obstacle
• Interference

Azimuth Feeder Type
• Target coverage location • EIRP/ Transmitted power
• Frequency reuse/ Interference
minimization

Tilt Cable / HW connections
• Coverage
C area controll • Power loss
• Frequency reuse/ Interference • Feeder cross/ swap connection
minimization

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Antenna Mounting:

Antenna Isolation:

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Antenna Beam‐width:

Antenna Tilt:

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Thank You

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