MECHANICAL SERVICES ENGINEERING – BASEMENT PARKING

VENTILATION SYSTEM AUDIT REPORT

FOR

Prepared by:
Job No: PE101
Date: 26th JUNE 2020

CONTENTS

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.0 INTRODUCTION
3.0 RECORD OF AUTHORITIES APPROVED DRAWINGS
4.0 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS
5.0 OPERATIONAL & MAINTENANCE (O&M) MANUALS FOR M&E
SERVICES
6.0 FINDINGS
7.0 EXISTING VENTILATION SYSTEM
8.0 VENTILATION REQUIREMENT AND CALCULATION
9.0 SMOKE SPILL SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
10.0 FRESH AIR REQUIREMENT AND CALCULATION
11.0 CONCLUSION

APPENDIXES PICTURES OF SITE CONDITION AND AS-BUILD DRAWING.

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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is produced based on conducted site visit on 18th and 22nd June
2020. There have been several reports by the occupant regarding the wet floor and/or
water ponding issues in . Previous
report/assessment on the B3 floor recommend the occupant turn on the ventilation
fans in order to reduce the stagnation of air and eliminate the moisture. The reports
suggest that by turning on all the ventilation fans will reduce the wet floor and/or
water ponding issues. As Mechanical & Electrical Professional consultants, we are
called to re-evaluate the overall ventilation system that being installed in the B3 floors
and for what purpose it is supposed to be.

Throughout our studies, our findings show that there was no design fault on
the ventilation design for B3 car park. 4 dual speed fans installed are for mechanical
ventilation and smoke extraction purpose whereas 2 single speed fans installed are for
smoke extraction purpose.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

having a wet floor

and/or water ponding issue. The occupant has made a series of complain to the
developer but the issue still unsolved.

Following the previous report/assessment recommendation, the Joint-

Management Body (JMB) has tried to dry out the B3 floor by turning the ventilation
fans, but unfortunately, the sound level produced by the fans are unbearable especially
2 fans that used as blower (make-up air fans). This result in more complaint received
from the residence occupant. The fans also causing the JMB to pay a significant
amount of electricity bills but the water ponding issue still unsolved and no expected
time frame given by the last reports/assessment in order to fully eliminate the wet
floor and/or water ponding issues.

This report intended to verify the usage of the installed mechanical ventilation
fans in Basement 3 floor. Calculation that’s follow the Malaysian guideline will be
demonstrated in this report to support the verification.

3.0 RECORD OF AUTHORITIES APPROVED DRAWINGS

None of the authorities approved drawings including architectural drawings

and mechanical services drawings endorsed by Bomba were sighted.

Whilst these documents and drawings may not be immediately useful, they
will be required in the future either for reference, resubmission for approval due to
renovation, or related purposes.

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4.0 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS

In general, only Basement 1 and Basement 3 floors of the M&E as-built

drawings are sighted. It is important that the rest of the drawings be retrieved since
these documents will be needed in the future for further technical evaluation, any
trouble shooting, retrofitting works and legal requirements should the need arise.

5.0 OPERATIONAL & MAINTENANCE (O&M) MANUALS FOR M&E

SERVICES

Only O&M for Air-Conditioning & Mechanical Ventilation (ACMV) Services

sighted. This document serves to provide for easier and better understanding of the
various systems installed, operational and maintenance procedures required as well as
procurement source for parts and components.

6.0 FINDINGS

On 18th June 2020, site visit was conducted at

Based on our findings, there were a lot of wet floor and/or water ponding
sighted covering most of the B3 floor surfaces. There are 6 numbers of unoperated
fans sighted and 1 stretch of wall located at left wing of the floor layout that opened to
the outside. Another two wall that opened to the outside also founded and it is used as
the carpark entrance and exit located at the right wing of the B3 floor. The walls and
openings were designed to induce the cross ventilation in this B3 floor.

6.1 BASEMENT 3 FLOOR

The condition of the B3 area mostly covered with water ponding and some
area are dry and visibly spotted on the site.

Below are the pictures taken during the site visit

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 TABLE 1: BASEMENT 3 FINDINGS AND DESCRIPTION
Picture Description:
Basement 3 condition, the wet and
dry floor sight.

Picture 1.1
Basement 3 condition, the wet and
dry floor sight.

Picture 1.2
Basement 3 condition, some of the
carpark box have been closed for
some time to prevent the vehicle
bring in the water.

Picture 1.3
Basement 3 condition, water ponding
and dry floor sight.

Picture 1.4

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7.0 EXISTING VENTILATION SYSTEM

Referring to Basement 3 floor As-built drawing and Operational & Manual

(O&M) for Air-Conditioning & Mechanical Ventilation (ACMV) services. 6 numbers
of mechanical ventilation fans sight on site, but only 4 numbers of mechanical
ventilation fans which used for exhaust system sight in O&M equipment list. These 4
fans are dual fan speed and another 2 fans are only found in as-built drawings; these 2
fans are single speed fan.

Picture 7.1 – Equipment List from O&M

Fans specification:
Fan Tag Fan Speed [cmh] Fan Mode
MV-B1-C-01 44,550 / 68,000 Dual Speed
MV-B1-C-02 44,550 / 68,000 Dual Speed
MV-B1-C-03 44,550 / 68,000 Dual Speed
MV-B1-C-04 44,550 / 68,000 Dual Speed
SFAF-B3-01 34,000 Single Speed
SFAF-B3-02 34,000 Single Speed

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 Picture 7.2 – Exhaust fan (dual speed) specification found on fan body.

4 dual speed fans shall serve as ventilation fans on normal daily routine (low-
speed mode) and serve as Smoke Spill system during the fire mode condition (high-
speed mode).

Another 2 fans are designed for the smoke spill system purposes. Where in fire
mode situation, these fans will operate to pump in the fresh air while the other 4 fans
are extracting the air/smoke out.

Picture 7.3 – Blower (makeup air fans) specification found on fan body.

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8.0 VENTILATION REQUIREMENT AND CALCULATION

8.1 ASHRAE STANDARD

According to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2019, Table 6-2 ‘Minimum

Exhaust Rates’ under the parking space/garage occupancy required 3.7L/s of exhaust
air per 1m2 of area, with a condition of “exhaust shall not be required where there two
or more sides compose walls that are at least 50% open to the outside.

Hence,

Total wall perimeter of Basement 3 = 428.25 meter

Total wall perimeter open to outside =
i) 68 m (left wing)
ii) 13.84 m (Parking Exit – Right wing)
iii) 8.4m (Parking Entry – Right wing)

The perimeter of wall open to outside is only 90.24 meter, which is 21% of the
total wall perimeter. There are 2 or more sides opened to the outside but the opening
which required at least 50% is not achieved.

8.2 BY-LAW STANDARD

According to Selangor Uniform Building (Amendment) (No. 2) By-Laws

2012, Tenth Schedule Note, an open structure car park shall fulfil both the following
criteria: -
1) Total surface area of openings is to be no less than 40% of the total
perimeter wall area enclosing the floor or compartment.
2) The opening(s) is too be shaped and located in such a way that total length in
plan of the opening(s) is to be no less than 50% of the perimeter of the floor
or compartment.

Shown from the calculation in sub section 8.1 in this report, this car park opening is
only 21% of total wall perimeter, thus it does not qualify as an open structure car
park, mechanical ventilation is required for ventilation purpose.

With reference to UBBL 1984, Third Schedule (By-Law 41), 7.2 Mechanical
Ventilation system in basement areas. Says that “Basement or underground car parks
shall be provided with mechanical ventilation such that the air exhausted to the external
atmosphere should constitute not less than six air change per hour (6ach).”

Total area of the Basement 3 = 8730 m2

Required exhaust rate = Space Volume [m3] x 6ach
= 8730m2 x 2.8m x 6ach
= 146, 664cmh

Total installed exhaust rate = 4 nos. x 44,550cmh (low speed mode)

= 178,200cmh

This provided exhaust capacity in the development by the 4 fans that found in the
O&M equipment list (Picture 7.1) with 2 mode of fan rate (MV-B1-C-01 to 04).

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9.0 SMOKE SPILL SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

According to Malaysian Standard 1780:2017, Section 8, 8.1 ‘Basement Smoke

control system’ 8.1.4 quote “Where powered ventilation system is required for car
parking areas in basements with total floor area exceeding 1000m2, a smoke
purging/dilution system which is independent of any system serving other parts of the
building shall be provided to give a purging/dilution rate of not less than ten air change
per hour (10ach).

Since the total parking floor area in this basement is 8730m2 which more than
1000m2, it is required to have smoke purging/dilution system with a rate of 10air
change per hour

Total Purging/Exhaust rate [cmh] = Basement 3 Volume [m3] x 10ach

= 8730m2 x 2.8m (height) x 10ach
= 244, 440cmh

Total installed exhaust rate = 4 nos. x 68,000cmh (high speed mode)

= 272,000cmh

Hence, the installed fans with dual mode system sufficient to be used during fire
mode situation.

10.0 FRESH AIR REQUIREMENT AND CALCULATION

10.1 Fresh air for Ventilation System

According to Malaysia UBBL 1984, Third Schedule (By-Law 41), 12. (2) ‘Fresh
air changes’ quote “The minimum scale of fresh air ventilation in conjunction with the
mechanical ventilation system shall be as follow: Basement and garage… … minimum of
6 air changes per hour”.

Hence,

Total area of the Basement 3 = 8730 m2

Required fresh air rate = Space Volume [m3] x 6ach
= 8730m2 x 2.8m x 6ach
= 146, 664 cmh

This air capacity shall be supplied into B3 by means of natural air

displacement and/or by mechanically powered system (fans).

Since the exhaust system is powered exhaust system, while exhaust B3 floor
air, the system will create a negative pressure in the basement, which cause infiltration
of fresh air.

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 Assuming air velocity 0.5m/s and 0.7 of air flow direction diversity, the fresh
air make-up rate for ventilation purpose is as below:

i) Free Opening (left wing) = 68m x 1.2m (height)

= 81.6 m2
Infiltration rate = 81.6 x 0.5 x 0.7 x 3600
= 102,816cmh

ii) Parking Entry (right wing) = 13.84m x 2.3m (height)

= 31.83 m2
Infiltration rate = 31.83 x 0.5 x 0.7 x 3600
= 40,105.8cmh

iii) Parking Exits (right wing) = 8.4m x 2.3m (height)

= 19.32 m2
Infiltration rate = 19.32 x 0.5 x 0.7 x 3600
= 24,343.2cmh

From the calculation, total of 167,265cmh, as opposed to required

146,664 cmh of air will infiltrate into the Basement 3 naturally. Thus, the makeup air
for the exhaust system can be consider as natural displacement, no makeup air fans
required.

10.2 Fresh air for Smoke Spill System

For fresh air intake during fire mode situation, two zones of design are sight in
the B3 as-built drawing. 1st zone is at the left wing side of the as-built drawing and the
2nd zone is at the right wing side of the as-built drawing.

With reference to MS1780:2017 8.2.6 (b) quote “for smoke dilution concept,
replacement air may be introduced at any height but, if powered, shall not be less than
50% and not greater than 75% of the exhaust air volume”

Hence,
Left wing Zone,
Total Purging/Exhuast rate [cmh] = Left wing Volume [m3] x 10ach
= 5180.3m2 x 2.8m (height) x 10ach
= 145,048.4cmh

Total replacement air 50% ~ 75% from exhaust rate:

50% from 244,440cmh = 72,524.2cmh (minimum)
75% from 244,440cmh = 108,786.3cmh (maximum)

Assuming air velocity 0.5m/s and 0.7 of air diversity, the fresh air make-up
rate for ventilation purpose is as below:

i) Free Opening (left wing) = 68m x 1.2m (height)

= 81.6 m2

Hence, the infiltration rate = 81.6 x 0.5 x 0.7 x 3600 = 102,816cmh

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 Right wing Zone,
Total Purging/Exhuast rate [cmh] = Left wing Volume [m3] x 10ach
= 3549.7m2 x 2.8m (height) x 10ach
= 99,391.6cmh

Total replacement air 50% ~ 75% from exhaust rate:

50% from 244,440cmh = 49,695.8cmh (minimum)
75% from 244,440cmh = 74,543.7cmh (maximum)

Assuming air velocity 0.5m/s and 0.7 of air diversity, the fresh air make-up
rate for ventilation purpose is as below:

i) Parking Entry (right wing) = 0 (closed by roller shutter)

ii) Parking Exits (right wing) = 0 (closed by roller shutter)

From the Right Wing zone calculation, total of 49,695.8cmh (minimum) ~

74,543.7cmh (maximum) of fresh air/replacement air required but none of the
openings at right wing are opened during fire mode, hence, a total of 2 numbers fans
introduced is with 34,000cmh fan capacity each (SFAF-B3-01 & SFAF-B3-02), with
total capacity of air induced in 68,000cmh.

11.0 SOUND LEVEL

According to AKTA KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN 1994,

Peraturan-peraturan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (Pendedahan Bising) 2019.

Taksifan

“bising berlebihan” ertinya paras pendedahan bising harian melebihi 82dB(A),

dos bising diri harian melebihi lima puluh peratus, paras tekanan bunyi maksimum
melebihi 115dB(A) pada bila-bila masa, atau paras tekanan bunyi puncak 140dB(A).

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 This section to shows that the blower (make-up fans) which produced sound
level of more than 90dB(A) is advised not to be turned on in daily mode usage. The
fans are located above the parking box where some occupants will park the car under
it and exposed to this level of noise level.

Picture 11.1 – Noise level for the blower (make up fan) running single speed mode (approx. 1m distance
from fan).

Picture 11.2 – Noise level for the blower (make up fan) running single speed mode (approx. 9m distance
from fan).

Meanwhile, the ventilation exhaust fans, in low speed mode condition, the
fans produces about 76dB(A) of noise level, this value considered to be acceptable.

Picture 11.3 – Noise level for the exhaust fan running in Low Speed mode (approx. 1m distance from fan).

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 But in high speed mode, the fans produce 84.5dB(A) of noise level which is
considered as ‘Bising Berlebihan’ as stated in above AKTA KESELAMATAN DAN
KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN 1994. So, it is not advised to turn the high-speed mode
of exhaust fans in daily operation.

Picture 11.4 - Noise level for the exhaust fan running in High Speed mode (approx. 2m distance from fan).

11.0 CONCLUSION

By referring to the

had been designed for

operational of systems which are for mechanical ventilation system in normal daily
operation and smoke spill system in fire mode situation.

Only 4 numbers of the fans listed below are required be turned on 24 hours
during daily operation at low speed mode:

i) MV-B1-C-01 -fan speed = 44550 cmh

ii) MV-B1-C-02 -fan speed = 44550 cmh
iii) MV-B1-C-03 -fan speed = 44550 cmh
iv) MV-B1-C-04 -fan speed = 44550 cmh

These fans were tested and it run in noise level of lesser than 82dB(A) during
daily operation not exceeding daily threshold level set in AKTA KESELAMATAN
DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN 1994.

Another 2 blower (makeup fans) shall be operated only in fire mode situation.
These fans had equipped with fire signalling system. These fans will pump in the
fresh air to B3 and at the same time, 4 dual speed fans running in low speed mode will
switch its operation to high-speed mode to in order extract the air/smoke from B3
floor.

These fans running in high speed mode will produce a continuous noise level
of over 82dB(A) which is above the threshold limit set in AKTA KESELAMATAN
DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN 1994. However, this is acceptable in emergency
case.

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APPENDIXES

Appendix 1 : Basement 3 left wing area (strected wall opened to outside)

Appendix 2 : Basement 3 left wing area (strected wall opened to outside)

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Appendix 3 : Basement 3 left wing area (strected wall opened to outside)

Appendix 4 : Makeup fan condition

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Appendix 5 : Makeup fan specification (sticked on fans body)

Appendix 6 : Makeup fan ducting design going into B3 floor

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Appendix 7 : Basement 3 right wing area (entrance & exit ramp staight to outside)

Appendix 8 : Basement 3 right wing area (exit ramp staight to outside)

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Appendix 9 : B3 wet floor condition

Appendix 10 : B3 wet floor & water ponding condition

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Appendix 11 : B3 wet floor condition and closed parking boxes

Appendix 12 : Exhaust fan located at B1 (blowing air to outside)

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Appendix 13 : Exhaust fan located at B1 (blowing air to outside)

Appendix 14 : Exhaust fan located at B1 just above the parking boxes

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Appendix 15 : Exhaust fan specification (sticked on fans body)

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Appendix 16 Legend:

Blower (Makeup Air) Fan

Blower (Makeup Air) Ducting (in Orange) comes with Air Grille (in green)

Exhaust Ducting (in yellow) comes with Air Grille (in pink)

Exhaust Shaft raised to above